What basic knowledge does a plumber have? Brief introduction of basic knowledge of water electrician.

Mainly to understand the basic household circuit, it is easy to learn. I may have a headache when I first look at the picture, but I will find it very simple when I get in touch with it slowly.

Basic knowledge of hydropower installation complete edition

1, before construction, there must be electrical (strong current, weak current), water supply and drainage design and construction drawings.

2. It is strictly prohibited to lay wires directly in walls, floors, floors or ceilings without any protection.

3, different voltages, different circuits, different signal lines are strictly prohibited to wear in the same threading pipe.

4, the installation of lamps and lanterns should be carried out after the completion of painting. When installing lamps and lanterns on brick-concrete structures, it is forbidden to use wooden wedges, hooks, bolts or expansion bolts. There shall be no less than 2 bolts (or screws) for fixing lamps. Lamps and lanterns shall not be installed on combustible components.

5. The switch of lamps and electrical equipment must be installed on the "phase line" (that is, the control phase line), otherwise, after the switch is turned off, lamps and electrical equipment will still be charged, which is easy to cause electric shock.

6. There are two protection methods for power system: grounding protection and neutral point protection. At present, grounding protection is widely used in China. Note that in the same system, it is forbidden to use two protection methods at the same time, otherwise it will cause safety accidents.

7. It is forbidden to use the mobile switch beside the bed. If the lamp uses a screw cap, the central spring tongue of the screw cap should be connected to the control phase line.

8, line interface should be smooth, even the board connection should be firm. The junction box of the power inlet box shall be protected by a protection ring (lock nut).

9. In order to update and maintain the conductor in the future, the radian (i.e. cold bending radius) of the bend of the conduit buried in the wall, underground or ceiling should be 5~ 10 times the diameter of the conduit.

10, it is forbidden to connect wires in the threading tube, that is, when the length of wires is not long enough, the connectors of wires cannot be in the threading tube, and wires should generally be connected in junction boxes such as switches, sockets and lamp holders.

1 1. The threading pipe should be of a certain size (thickness), so that the conductor can pass in and leave enough space for the heat generated when the conductor passes through a large current to be radiated. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of general conductor to the cross-sectional area of threading pipe is 1/3~ 1/2. It is forbidden to block the threading pipe with wires.

12.PP-R pipes and copper pipes can be used for water supply.

13, dark apply water supply pipeline must strictly check whether all connection parts are installed tightly, firmly and in the right direction, and then do water pressure test and test the water for a period of time before embedding. The general pressure test index is between 0.8 MPa and 1.0 MPa.

14, the horizontal pipe of the drainage pipe should have a certain slope, and the socket should be closely connected to ensure no leakage. The distance between the bracket and elevator for fixing the pipeline is reasonable and firm.

15, sanitary ware installation position should be accurate, bracket, bracket installation should be smooth and firm. The floor drain should be installed at the lowest point of the ground, and recessed into the ground by 5 mm The joint between the toilet and the ground or the nozzle should be sealed with sludge or silica gel, but the cement is not suitable, which will expand and cause the bottom of the toilet to crack.

16. The hot water faucet in the hot and cold faucet should be installed on the left side. Electric water heaters should have grounding protection devices. When it is used for the first time, the air in the bladder should be removed, and it can only be electrified after it is filled with water.

Circuit reconfiguration design and smart home design;

For convenience, the fire line is generally red, the control line is yellow, the zero line is blue, and the ground line is yellow and green.

High voltage of the base part:

Living room: main lights, spotlights, light strips, TV sockets, closed-circuit sockets, DVD audio sockets, air-conditioning (cabinet) sockets, telephone sockets and other electrical sockets.

Dining room: refrigerator, water dispenser, hot pot socket, main lamp, spotlight, etc.

Bedroom: network cable, telephone line, TV cable, TV socket, dual-control main light, bedside table socket (for mobile phone charging and table lamp).

Study: network cable, telephone line, closed routing (ADSL for broadcasting and television, watching TV)

Toilet: that is, hot water heater socket, electric water heater socket, socket with switch (next to the basin, control rearview mirror headlight and hair dryer socket), Yuba switch.

Kitchen: range hood, electric cooker, cooker (rechargeable), disinfection cabinet, water purifier, induction cooker, microwave oven and main lamp.

Basic weak links:

The most basic: TV lines in all rooms can be connected in series. The network cable of the study, preferably star wiring. Telephone lines are used less and less. Unless it is used online, it is usually replaced by a network cable (broadband or telephone line).

Smart weak line:

Home LAN system: Every room can surf the Internet at the same time, and TV can be used as a monitor or even as an independent computer.

Home audio-visual system: living room surround sound (5. 1 channel), the background music in each room can be independently controlled, the audio source can be freely selected, and headphones are supported.

Security system: intelligent anti-theft, gas leakage alarm, emergency alarm, etc.

Remote control: remote control of water heaters, rice cookers, windows, etc. At home by cell phone.

Intelligent lighting system: With the remote control, you can control all electrical appliances and lights, including curtains, and automatically select the appropriate lights as needed.

Introduction of main components:

Wire:

There are 2.5 square tubes, which are generally used for lighting and ordinary sockets. 4 air conditioning lines and kitchens use square lines (because there are more appliances in the kitchen). There is also sheath line (the kind with insulation sheath outside the two wires): it is generally used when wiring on the top surface, because the top surface cannot be slotted. The wiring in the ceiling is still PVC pipe and copper core.

PVC pipe:

There are two kinds, one is rigid pipe, and the other is flexible pipe (PVC flame retardant pipe). Hoses are generally used on the ceiling, but now most decoration companies no longer use hoses because they can't pull wires back and forth. There are three kinds of PVC rigid pipes (heavy, medium and light). Cast-in-place concrete generally uses heavy pipes, because tools such as vibrators are needed, and heavy pipes can bear pressure. In terms of home decoration and wiring, ordinary light pipes can meet the requirements.

Quality requirements: rigid PVC pipes should not be too soft. When you accept it, pinch it with your hand to see if it can be flattened. When the flattened pipe runs on the ground, it is easy for people to walk around to flatten the pipe. Circuit reconstruction materials: wires, conduits, screw connections, direct connections, socket springs, junction boxes, bottom boxes, electrical tapes, etc.

Requirements for hydropower materials (PP-R pipe)

Classification of water pipes:

1, aluminum-plastic PP-R: Some brands are called "steady-state tubes". PP-R pipe and aluminum alloy are compounded by hot melt bonding process, which not only has the sanitary and sealing performance of PP-R, but also has the ultraviolet resistance, oxygen penetration resistance and high strength of metal pipe. Its expansion coefficient is 1/5 of that of ordinary PP-R.

2. Ordinary pp-r: Hot-melt pipes are mostly decorated with common pipes. Economical and practical, convenient construction, hidden pipeline, long service life, etc.

Recommended information: Jinde, Jinniu, Wei Xing,

The height of waterway reconstruction and the design of each region;

Height requirements of each outlet: (it can be adjusted according to the requirements of the owner)

Pot: 50 ~ 40cm

Shower room: 120 CM (adjusted according to the owner's height).

Toilet: 20 ~ 30cm

Washing machine: 1 10 CM or so.

Electric water heater: 170 CM

Gas water heater:130 ~140cm

Design of each area:

It is best to leave the valve under the cupboard or in the sink on the table, which is convenient to use without affecting the appearance.

Kitchen: hot and cold water in the vegetable sink, purified water in and out, gas water heater in and out.

Toilet: shower room, mop pool, noodle pool, toilet.

Master bathroom: the ground swimming pool is equipped with a water heater, and the hot shower water can be drawn from the kitchen, and there is also a bathroom.

Laundry room: there is water supply and water source.

Construction technology:

1, to determine the position, connection mode and direction of each switch and electrical appliance.

2. The cutting groove must be horizontal and vertical, and the depth of the conduit into the wall must leave room for mortar plastering (3 ㎜-5 ㎜). The cutting wall is easy to burst, so it should be pasted, wetted and roughened after cutting. If the hollow brick is cut, it should not be too deep.

3. Installation height of the card holder: switch-1300mm; Ordinary socket-350 ㎜; Air conditioner (the cabinet is plugged in the same way) and water heater-1800 ㎜; Ordinary kitchen socket-1300 ㎜ (special socket is determined according to the actual situation).

4, wiring must be set of PVC flame retardant pipe, pipe wiring cross-sectional area is not more than 40%, strong and weak electricity must be in charge of wiring, casing corner must be bent with a pipe bender. Catheter must be locked into the box, with a strong and weak current distance of 200㎜. Pipes should be firmly fixed, and all wires should be sheathed (other conduits can be used for the beams and columns of the force reducing wall).

5, high-power household appliances should be arranged separately. Plug-in circuit, lighting circuit and air conditioning circuit should be controlled separately, and each wire in the box should have a 200㎜ thread head.

6, lamps and lanterns installation must be firm, downlight, spotlight must cover the opening. Switch and socket panels must be seamless with square walls.

7. The wire diameter of ordinary lighting circuit is 2.5㎜ (multi-strand or single-strand is acceptable), and the wire diameter of high-power electrical appliances such as air conditioner and yuba is 4㎜.

8, casing wiring color is clear, no joint (phase line is red, zero line is black, grounding line is double color), socket right phase line, left zero line, grounding line.

9. The distance between electrical appliances, switches and sockets and gas pipes (appliances) and hot water pipes (appliances) should be more than 500㎜.

10, large chandeliers must be fixed with expansion bolts.

1 1, the resistance between wires and between wires and ground must be greater than 0.5MΩ.

12 in principle, the pipeline of three rooms and two halls shall not exceed 400m, the pipeline of duplex building shall not exceed 600m, and the pipeline of each square meter shall not exceed 4m (calculated according to the usable area).

13. All sockets in the bathroom must be waterproof.

14. Generally, the incoming distribution box will not be changed. If you need to change, please contact the owner directly.

Water and electricity installation: Water and electricity installation is a vital hidden danger in home improvement, and it is also a relative concern of most owners, so don't be afraid of trouble during construction. It is necessary to communicate with the owner more and strive to realize the function of hydropower in the future use of the owner.

1. Slotting of water pipes and pipelines: construction method: first spring line, then slotting. Pipe slotting must be parallel and vertical as required (it is better to have hydropower construction drawings). Pipes that must be laid in parallel shall be controlled at a height of 60-90cm (off the ground), and pipes with faucets shall be vertical. The depth is controlled at 4 cm. After slotting, the person in charge of construction should remember the size and location of the slotted pipeline. It is convenient to know the location of the pipeline when installing sanitary ware in the future.

2. Waterway pipeline installation: material requirements, PPR pipes and aluminum-plastic pipes. Three years ago, most users bought aluminum-plastic pipes, but in the past two years, more users used PPR pipes. Pipes are divided into cold water pipes and hot water pipes. Put an end to the use of galvanized iron pipes for concealed pipelines. First of all, through the construction drawing, the construction personnel discuss the location and use function of the water area with the owner. Arrange the plumber to discharge and install all taps and water levels. If there is a construction drawing, it can be arranged according to the construction drawing. If the waterway function of the construction drawing is not in place for a long time, communicate with the owner to increase the waterway function.

3. Waterway pipeline inspection: Waterway pipeline inspection is very important, which is related to the hidden dangers of waterway safety in the future. We usually carry out pipeline inspection through pressure test. Pressure test is one of the methods to check pipeline leakage. First, all the insiders died with gambling heads. Test the water with a pressure gauge (general decoration 12). After pressing, check all joints of all pipes. The second method is to open the sluice for two days and nights after gambling, and check all joints on the third day. I usually take the former method.

4. Secondary waterproofing: After the installation of waterway pipelines, seal all trunking in the bathroom with cement and sand. After the trench and ground are filled with slag, clean the ground and walls again. When the water on the wall and the ground is dry, it can be waterproof, and the waterproof of the wall is one meter high. If there is a furniture wall behind the kitchen and bathroom wall, it must be full of walls. Play the role of moisture-proof furniture. If the ground needs to be filled with slag, it must be waterproof before filling with slag. 10 cm slag is filled by dry mixing with cement sand. The ground and the wall are waterproof for the second time together. There must be friends here who want to ask me, why do you have to waterproof the ground when you enter the venue? The waterproof skin made on the ground has been destroyed during hydropower construction, and must be re-made together with the wall. The first waterproof is to ensure that the ground will not leak. After the pipeline is installed, the wall and floor should be done again, so that the floor and wall can be more effectively waterproof.

5. Slotting of electric wires and lines: After discussing the functions and requirements of electricity consumption with the owner, the person in charge of construction will make disclosure with the electrician and make parallel and vertical slots. Put away the switch socket bottom box. The socket is slotted 40 cm from the ground, the hanging air conditioner socket is slotted 2.2 m from the ground, and the switch is slotted 1.2- 1.4 m from the ground. The installation of fittings at the bottom of switch socket should be slotted horizontally. Kitchen and bathroom should be slotted according to the designed function.

6. Wiring of electric wires and lines: material requirements: 2.5-6 square meters of copper core wire and 16mm of conduit. Wiring requirements: most electricians do not consider the separate wiring of high current and weak current, switches, air conditioning sockets and electrical sockets in circuit wiring. So slotting also saves a lot of working procedures. The wiring required for high voltage and low voltage should be at least 30cm apart. Air-conditioning sockets should be grouped with wires of more than 6 square meters, electrical sockets should be grouped with wires of more than 4 square meters, and switches of more than 2.5 square meters should be grouped. The air conditioning line group is more than 2 meters away from the ground. Ground wiring, switch wiring and wall top wiring of lighting wiring group of electrical wiring group. When the switch socket is installed at the bottom, it must be horizontal and vertical, so that the rear panel will be installed more smoothly. The switch sockets in the kitchen should be arranged and installed according to the design function of the kitchen cabinet. After all the electrical lines are laid, the person in charge of construction should remember the layout and discharge size of the lines, so as to install various household ornaments in the later stage.