Day 8 (Management)

Six Organization Tools for Testing Sites

Organization tool is the application means of organization theory, which expresses various organizational relationships in the form of charts or tables, including: project structure diagram; Organization chart; Contract structure diagram; Work task division table; Division of management functions; Workflow chart, etc.

Among them, project structure diagram, organization structure diagram and contract structure diagram are the three most important organization tools.

I. Project Structure Diagram

1. Project Structure Diagram (WBS)

In the form of tree diagram-the project is decomposed layer by layer-the rectangular box represents the work task-the rectangular box is connected by connecting lines, and the project structure diagram reflects all the work tasks.

2. The same construction project has different project structure decomposition methods. Should be combined with the deployment of the whole project implementation and the proposed contract structure.

3. The principle of project structure decomposition

(1) Consider the overall deployment of the project schedule;

(2) consider the composition of the project;

(3) It is conducive to contracting out the project implementation tasks (design, construction, material procurement) and project implementation tasks, and combining the characteristics of the contract structure;

(4) Conducive to the control of project objectives;

(5) Combined with the organizational structure of project management, etc.

The above are the project structure decomposition of group projects, and individual projects should be decomposed if necessary (such as the needs of investment, schedule and quality control).

4. Project structure coding

Project structure chart and coding of project structure are the basis for compiling other codes (for investment control, schedule control, quality control, contract management and information management).

Second, the organization chart

1. Organization chart: Rectangular boxes represent all work departments-connect the rectangular boxes with one-way arrows-and express the instruction relationship.

2. Three organizational structure models

(1) Functional organizational structure: There are many sources of instructions, which are prone to conflict (applicable to small and medium-sized enterprises). (see the picture below)

(2) Linear organizational structure: there is only one instruction source, and the instruction path is too long, which is easy to be distorted (military). (see the picture below)

(3) Matrix organizational structure: There are two sources of instructions (suitable for large enterprises). (See figures A, B and C below)

Note: The horizontal direction can be each project department, and the vertical direction can be each functional department.

Three. Contract structure diagram

The contract structure diagram-the rectangular box represents each participant-connects the rectangular boxes with two-way arrows-expresses the contract relationship.

Summary: the difference between project structure chart, organization structure chart and contract structure chart.

Project structure diagram, organization structure diagram and contract structure diagram are three important organization tools of organization theory.

Iv. Division of tasks (each part)

1. All participants in the project should prepare their own project management task division table, which is one of the organizational design documents of the project.

2. Table compiling procedure of work task division table

(1) Detailed breakdown of management tasks;

(2) Determine the tasks of each department;

(3) Prepare the work task division table.

3. The characteristics of the work division table

(1) defines the contents of custody, co-custody and cooperation, and uses three different symbols in the table.

Instructions (in the process of project progress, the division of labor table should be adjusted if necessary);

(2) Each task in the task division table has at least one initiating department;

(3) The Operation Department and the Property Development Department participate in the whole project implementation process.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) division of management functions

1. Composition process of management link

Management is a process consisting of multiple links, namely, five links: questioning, planning, decision-making, execution and inspection.

(1) Question: Ask the existing questions.

(2) Planning: In view of this problem, various solutions are put forward and compared.

(3) Decision-making: The leader chooses the best scheme from various schemes.

(4) Implementation: the best scheme for employees to implement the leadership decisions.

(5) Inspection: Check whether the contents of the decision have been implemented and check the implementation effect.

(Note the definition and application of each link, see the figure below)

2. Table of Division of Management Functions (each part)

The management function division table is a table reflecting the division of project management functions among project managers, departments and positions in the project management team. The division of management functions can also be used in enterprise management.

When the management function division table is not clear enough, use the management function division instruction to supplement it.

Note: It is customary in China to describe the work tasks of various departments with job descriptions. The management function division table can expose the contradictions covered up when only the job description is used.

Six, workflow organization

The organizational content of 1. workflow is shown in the following table.

2. Tasks of workflow organization

Each construction project shall, according to its characteristics, determine the following main workflow organizations from several possible workflow schemes:

(1) Design preparation process;

(2) the flow of design work;

(3) the construction bidding process;

(4) the process of material procurement;

(5) the process of construction work;

(6) Various management processes (investment control, schedule control, quality control, contract management and information management, etc.). );

(7) Information processing flow related to project management.

This is the task of workflow organization, that is, the process of defining work.

3. Work flow chart: express dynamic logical relationship-express work with rectangular box-connect rectangular box with one-way arrow line-express discrimination condition with diamond box.