Is the Eastern Jin Dynasty a court leaning towards the south of the Yangtze River? It loves to recover lost territory more than any dynasty.

Of all the dynasties in China, the Jin Dynasty probably left the worst impression on people. When mentioning the Western Jin Dynasty, people will not only think of the wonderful couple Sima Zhong, the retarded emperor, and Jia Nanfeng, the ugly queen, but also think of many terms unique to the Western Jin Dynasty, such as "Eight Kings' Rebellion", "Yongjia Rebellion", "Talking about the Wrong Country" and "Five Flowers". When mentioning the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people will think of some distinctive terms, such as "Wang and Ma * * * the world" and "Qing 'an Jiangnan". To sum up, in the eyes of many people, the Jin Dynasty was a corrupt, infighting and enterprising regime. It didn't bring progress to China, but brought a heavy disaster to China. The Western Jin Dynasty only existed for 50 years (266-3 16), so we can't criticize it too much. However, the Eastern Jin Dynasty existed in 103 (3 17-420). During this hundred years, did the Eastern Jin Dynasty really only "favor Jiangnan" and do nothing? When the Eastern Jin Dynasty was founded, Si Marui's indifference to the Northern Expedition led to the later generations' evaluation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's "partial security in the south of the Yangtze River". However, after that, for various reasons, the Eastern Jin court did carry out many northern expeditions to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but few succeeded. Zulu, a scholar of the Northern Expedition in Zu Ti, was born into an official family, and his family is a famous one in the local area. When he was young, he had the ambition to serve his country. He often makes friends with heroes and helps the poor, and his story of smelling chickens dancing is even more well known. On the occasion of the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty, Zu Ti took hundreds of pro-party families to the south of the Yangtze River and was appointed as a civil servant by Si Marui, the evil king who had not yet proclaimed himself. Zu Ti didn't use it to enjoy a quiet life. He just wanted to serve the country, explore the Central Plains in the North and recover lost ground. Therefore, Zu Ti asked for a northern expedition to Si Marui, and Si Marui accepted it immediately. Zu Ti was made a general and the secretariat of Yuzhou, and he was given a salary of one thousand people and three thousand pieces of cloth. However, Si Marui did not give Zu Ti armored weapons or assign troops to Zu Ti. However, Si Marui allowed Zu Ti. Si Marui's behavior is very puzzling. Does he support the Northern Expedition? Still don't support the Northern Expedition? Put aside the Zulu Northern Expedition for the time being. Let's take a look at the two northern expeditions led by Si Marui. In 3 16, Chang 'an fell and Jin Emperor was captured. After hearing the news, Si Marui personally led the troops north. Soon, he killed Chun Yubo, who was in charge of transporting grain and grass, and then announced his withdrawal. In 3 17, Si Marui became the King of Jin in Jiankang and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the same year, Zu Ti began the Northern Expedition, and Si Marui spread all over the world. He sent his son Sima Yi, the king of Langya, to lead the northern expedition, and Zu Ti celebrated the northern expedition. Soon, he recalled Si Mazhao to Jiankang, making the Northern Expedition as superficial as last time. 3 17 the territory map of the early Eastern Jin Dynasty (from @ Jingjing Jingjing Jingjing) Si Marui's two northern expeditions, like child's play, have always been criticized. As an imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty, Si Marui did bear the responsibility of recovering lost land, but his position in the south of the Yangtze River was not stable, which required him to consolidate his position. On the question of "outside" or "inside" first, Si Marui finally chose "inside" for his own long-term interests. In fact, Anne is no easier than the Northern Expedition. He first used the northern gentry such as Wang Dao and Wang Dun to suppress the rebellion of the southern gentry and refugees, and then used Liu Kun and Dai Yuan to contain the Wang Dao and Wang Dun brothers who had grown up, so as to strengthen the imperial power. Of course, Wang Dao and Wang Dun brothers were unwilling to delegate power, which laid the groundwork for Wang Dun's rebellion. There were many internal contradictions in the newly born Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Si Marui was unwilling and unable to make the Northern Expedition. Zu Ti had to rely on the prestige of Si Marui to cross the Yangtze River with hundreds of pro-Party members who had taken refuge in the south of the Yangtze River (in essence, they had become homeless refugees), set up camp in Jiangyin, forged weapons and recruited military forces. When crossing the river, Zu Ti was caught in the middle and swore to the Yangtze River: "If Zu Ti can't clear the Central Plains and help others, it will be like a big river!" "The heroic words, now read, also feel deeply moved. After Zu Ti's management, a team of more than 2,000 people was formed, and then, Zu Ti began a vigorous Northern Expedition. At first, it was not the Hu people who hindered Zulu's northern expedition, but the strongmen who took advantage of the chaos to stand on their own feet and refused to belong to the court. In qiaocheng, the dock masters Ping and Fan Ya's self-esteem. After Zu Ti lured Zhang Ping's department to slay Zhang Ping, Chen Chuan, the owner of Pippen Wharf, sent Li Tou and Wang Han, the southern corps commander, to reinforce Zu Ti and defeated Fan Ya together. Zu Ti then conquered Qiaocheng. Li Tou was impressed by Zu Ti's extraordinary personality charm, so he wanted to take refuge in Zu Ti, only to be killed by Chen Chuan's jealousy. Later, Li Tou's companions led his troops to Zu Ti, and Chen Chuan became angry from embarrassment and made a complete break with Zu Ti. After Zu Ti defeated Chen Chuan, Chen Chuan took refuge in Schleswig-Holstein, and Schleswig-Holstein sent Shi Hu to rescue Chen Chuan. Zu Ti defeated the remnants of Shi Hu, captured Pippen, and entered Mount Keyong, which shocked the Central Plains. After that, Zu Ti confronted Schleswig-Holstein. While resisting Schleswig-Holstein's attack, he integrated the gold generals and refugee leaders from all walks of life, influenced the independent dock owners and gradually recovered Henan. Map of the Eastern Jin Dynasty after Zulu's Northern Expedition (from @ Shituguan) Just as Zu Ti was going to attack Hebei, Si Marui appointed his best friend Dai Ruosi as commander-in-chief and took over the hard-won land in Zu Ti. Dai Re's position is above that of Zu Ti, and Zu Ti's mood is naturally uncomfortable. What worries Zu Ti more is that the contradiction between Wang Dun and Liu Kun is intensifying, and civil war may break out in the Eastern Jin Dynasty at any time. 32 1 year, Zu Ti, who was worried, had a premonition that he had accomplished nothing and died with a grudge. His brother Zuyue took over as the secretariat of Yuzhou. In 322, Wang Dun, who had been afraid of Zu Ti, launched a mutiny and attacked Jiankang. Zuyo was unable to resist Schleswig's attack and was finally forced to give up Henan and retreat to Shouchun. In 324, Zuyo helped Jin Mingdi Si Mashao put down the rebellion in Wang Dun. Yu Liang and Yu Yi Northern Expedition in 325, Jin Mingdi died, his five-year-old son Sima Yan succeeded him, and his uncle Yu Liang was in charge of state affairs. Yu Liang misbehaved, and the Soviets and Zuyue were dissatisfied with the handling. In 326, they jointly launched a mutiny, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty fell into civil war again. In 329, Tao Kan unified the army to quell the rebellion and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was restored. However, Yu Liang lost the power to assist the government and was replaced by Wang Dao. Yu Liang left Wuhu first, then moved to Wuchang, replacing the late Jingzhou secretariat Tao Kan and taking charge of the upstream military power. Yu Liang wanted to improve his political status, so he wanted to establish his prestige through the Northern Expedition. Yu Liang sent Mao Bao and Fan Jun to guard Zhucheng. As the Northern Expedition to frontline base, he was also prepared to lead hundreds of troops to occupy Shicheng and support Mao Bao. Disembarking, Shi Hu, who seized the post-Zhao throne, pre-empted in 339 and sent troops to capture the cities, thus aborting Yu Liang's painstaking northern expedition. In 340, Yu Liang died of grief and indignation, and his brother Yu Yi took over as the secretariat of Jingzhou. Yu Yi inherited his brother's unopposed career. In 344, Huan Xuan, the secretariat of Liangzhou, was sent to attack the post-Zhao. Huan Xuan got off to a bad start and was defeated by the post-Zhao generals in Danshui. Yu Yi's Northern Expedition suffered the same fate as his brother, and his life ended exactly the same as his brother's, and he finally died of shame and anger. In 349, Emperor Taizu of Chu and Yin Hao went to the North Expedition, and after the death of Emperor Shi Hu of Zhao, their scholars fought for power and profit, which led to Zhao chaos. The Eastern Jin court took advantage of the Northern Expedition. Chu Taizu, then the general of Peking University, led 30,000 troops to the north. In Daipi, Chu Taizu's 3,000 elite troops were wiped out by the post-Zhao generals, and Chu Taizu saw the situation and retreated. The northern expedition ended without results. In 352, Yin Hao, then a general, took advantage of the melee between Ran Min and Hu Hai to lead Xie Shang and Dai Shi into Shouchun and set out to explore the Central Plains. Xie Shang could not comfort General Changyu of Wei Ran. Zhang Yu got angry and got up. He rebelled in Xuchang and captured Luoyang. Soon, Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, sent troops to reinforce Zhang Yu, and Zhang Yu was defeated by Xie Shang in Shui Ying. Yin Hao was forced to retreat to Shouchun. However, Yin Hao's Northern Expedition was not without gains. He sent Dai to rescue Yecheng, the capital of Wei Ran, which was besieged by Yan Qian. After Dai entered Yecheng, he cheated out the official seal originally belonging to the Western Jin Dynasty, but it was used by Zhao Han, Hou Zhao and Wei Ran, and secretly sent He Rong to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so that the official seal was returned to Sima Shi. Before the fall of Yecheng, Dai and others successfully escaped and escaped by luck. Soon after, Yin Hao sent troops to the Northern Expedition again and sent Xie Shang to conquer Xuchang, making up for the last loss. In 353, Yin Hao took advantage of the civil strife in the former Qin Dynasty to send troops to the Northern Expedition again. Yin Hao took Yao Xiang's surrender as the pioneer, but Yao Xiang suddenly rebelled and ambushed the defeated army in Shansang. In desperation, he had to surrender to Qiaobao. From then on, Yin Hao and Yao Xiang attacked each other and had to stop the Northern Expedition. Huan Wen failed in the two northern expeditions to Yin Hao, and Huan Wen, then the secretariat of Jingzhou, took the opportunity to impeach Yin Hao, forcing the court to recall Yin Hao and seize the military and political power. Prior to this, Huan Wen conquered Chengdu in 347, and recovered Yizhou for the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which had established prestige in the imperial court. In 354, Huan Wen continued the Northern Expedition to the former Qin Dynasty. Huan Wen's army is brave and good at fighting. Before the losing streak, Qin Jun was in Lantian and Bailuyuan, then advanced to Bashang and approached Chang 'an, the former capital of Qin Dynasty. Fu Xiong loyal opposition, former king of Qin. Huan Wen's army was short of food, and several wars were unfavorable. Huan Wen was forced to withdraw. Fuxiong then sent troops to pursue Huan Wen, and 8 Jin J was defeated repeatedly. Huan Wen's Northern Expedition failed. In 356, Huan Wen made a northern expedition to Yao Xiang, defeated Yao Xiang in Yishui, captured Luoyang, and moved troops to Jianling. In 369, Huan Wen once again made a northern expedition to Yan Qian. Huan Wen's attack on Yan Qian is just like the attack on the former Qin Dynasty. At first, Lien Chan's winning streak approached Yecheng, the capital of Yan Qian. But at present, after Yan launched a counterattack and Murong De cut off the route for providing foodstuff in Huan Wen, Huan Wen was forced to leave the house. Subsequently, Mu Rongchui and Murong De jointly pursued Huan Wen and defeated 8 Jin J.. Huan Wen came back in a mess. Huan Wen's Northern Expedition failed again. Huan Wen's Northern Expedition Roadmap Huan Chong and Xie Xuan's Northern Expedition attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty and captured Yizhou in 373 before Fu Jian, king of Qin, destroyed Yan Qian in 370. Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, destroyed the former Lianghe River in 376, unified the north, and then attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty again in 378. The former Qin dynasty went south in two ways. In 379, the marked army captured Xiangyang and captured Zhu Xu. The Eastern Route Army was countered by Xie Xuan, and Xie Xuan led the northern government soldiers to defeat Qin Jun before, thus reversing the war situation in Xuzhou. In May 383, Huan Chong, the secretariat of Jingzhou, led troops to the Northern Expedition in order to alleviate the situation that the former Qin Dynasty threatened the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He divided his troops into three ways and attacked Xiangyang personally. These two departments will attack Fucheng and Wudang respectively. Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, immediately sent troops to reinforce Xiangyang, Fucheng and Wudang. When Huan Chong saw this, he withdrew quickly, with little loss. Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, was out of control. He then mobilized the whole country to go south in an attempt to wipe out the Eastern Jin Dynasty in one fell swoop, only to be defeated by Xie Xuan at Feishui. This defeat led to the collapse of the former Qin Dynasty, and the situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty turned for the better. Under the leadership of Xie An, the Eastern Jin Dynasty launched a large-scale northern expedition against the divided former Qin Dynasty in 384. The marked army was commanded by Huan Chong, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and the East Army was commanded by Xie Xuan, the secretariat of Jingzhou. Among them, Xie Xuan gained the most in the Northern Expedition. Xie Xuan, with the northern government soldiers as the main force and Liu Laozhi as the pioneer, successively recovered Yanzhou and Qingzhou and arrived in Jizhou. In 385, Liu Laozhi went deep into Jizhou, united with the former Qin Dynasty to fight against the later Yan, and entered Yecheng, Hebei Province, where the sun can be counted. The map of the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the Northern Expedition of Huan Chong and Xie Xuan (from @ Shituguan) At this moment, the court recalled Xie Xuan and Liu Laozhi, for no other reason than these. Xie's family was very successful and was suspected by Sima Yao, the filial piety emperor of Jin Dynasty. When the Northern Expedition was in a good situation, Emperor Xiao lifted the rights of Xie An and Xie Xuan, making it impossible for the Northern Expedition to continue to expand. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Northern Expedition, the Eastern Jin Dynasty experienced the chaos of Sima Daozi and Huan Xuan usurped the throne. In 404, Emperor Wu of the Northern Government began to crusade against Huan Xuan. In 405, Emperor Wu of the Northern Dynasty put down the rebellion in Huan Xuan and became the actual ruler of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 409, Emperor Murong Chao of Southern Yan invaded the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of Song immediately fought back and led an army to northern Southern Yan. Emperor Wu of Song besieged Southern Yan's capital, Optics Valley, for more than half a year. In 4 10, the optical valley was conquered, Murong Chao was captured alive, Southern Yan was destroyed, and Shandong was recovered. In 4 16, emperor Wu of song led the army to the northern expedition at the end of Qin dynasty and recovered Henan. In 4 17, Liu defeated the northern Wei army of the late Qin Dynasty, and then conquered Chang 'an, the capital of the late Qin Dynasty. He captured Yao Hong, the emperor of the late Qin Dynasty, destroyed the late Qin Dynasty and regained Guanzhong. After Emperor Wu of Song retreated to Guanzhong, he appointed his son Liu Yizhen to guard Chang 'an, and invited experienced generals such as, Shen, Mao Dezu and Fu Hongzhi to assist Liu Yizhen. However, the generals who stayed in Chang 'an were not harmonious. In 4 18,,, Shen, were killed in infighting one after another, and the morale of the Jin army was greatly lost. Helian Bobo, the king of Xia, took the opportunity to attack Guanzhong and defeated 8 Jin J in one fell swoop. Liu Yizhen and others abandoned Chang 'an, so Guanzhong was owned by Helian Bobo. It can be seen that since the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Northern Expedition has never stopped. However, the political struggle within the Eastern Jin Dynasty has always been fierce, and the military and political affairs have never been separated. Therefore, the Northern Expedition was affected by political struggles in many cases, and it was difficult to win a long-term victory.