Historical evolution of Dengzhou

Dengzhou has a long history and splendid culture. According to the archaeological excavations of Baligang, Taizigang and Yang Gang cultural sites in Dengzhou, it shows that ancient people lived in Dengzhou as early as 7,000 years ago, and the 7,000-year history of Dengzhou has been affirmed in cultural relics and historical books. About 2 1 century BC, the Xia Dynasty was in Deng Jiandu, namely Deng Guo. According to the unearthed inscriptions, it is determined that Deng State in Shang Dynasty was Qi Huangong State, Deng State in the early Zhou Dynasty, Deng Principality in the middle Western Zhou Dynasty and Deng Houguo in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. At the same time, it is determined that Deng's place name was formed by clan with clan surname five thousand years ago, and it was full surname in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and changed to Deng in the early Spring and Autumn Period.

From ancient times to Qin dynasty

According to the Records of Historical Records and the Yangshao Cultural Site in Baligang discovered in Dengzhou, it is inferred that there were human beings in Dengzhou more than 6400 years ago. In Xia, Shang, Western Zhou and early Spring and Autumn, the capital of the vassal state of Deng was in Dengzhou, and Deng also had a vassal state (in the northern part of Xiangyang today). In the twelfth year of King Wen of Chu (678 BC), the State of Chu destroyed Deng, ending its history of 1274, and then the State of Chu took it. In the 11th year of Zhao Haoqi in the Qin Dynasty (296 BC), the State of Qin defeated South Korea and took it as the land of the State of Qin. In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Zhao Haoqi (272 BC), Nanyang County was established, and Dengzhou was subordinate to Nanyang County. At that time, there were three counties in Dengzhou, namely Rang County (now the southeast corner of Dengzhou inner city) and Du Shan County.

In the second year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (197), Cao Cao led the army to launch the "Battle of Wancheng" and surrounded Zhang Xiu. Navigation in Dengzhou is smooth, and the fast-flowing river flows into Hanshui River through Xinye Bai Hui and then through the Yangtze River. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao dug a grain river (now Xiaocao River) in the southern suburb of Rangcheng, with Dengzhou as the rear granary, and transported grain and grass for Battle of Red Cliffs to supply the front.

Southern and Northern Dynasties to Song Dynasty

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty made a strategic decision from the location, geography and products of Dengzhou. In the 21st year of Taihe (497), Jingzhou Zhisuo, which had been located in the south of Hanshui River until the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was moved to Luoyang (494, due to the need of adjusting troops), and it governed 8 counties, 465,438+0 counties for 37 years, and then became Nanyang Basin in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Five Dynasties, in the first year of Kaiping, Hou Liang (907), Zhu Wen abolished the Tang Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, and established Hou Liang. Liang Taizu Kaiping for three years (909). In May, Dengzhou was promoted to "Xuanhua Military Festival" (equivalent to a provincial administrative agency), and the administrative office was located in Rang. The military region governs Bizhou, Suizhou, Fuzhou (now Tianmen City, Hubei Province), Yunzhou and. In the first year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (923), Xuanhua Army was renamed Weisheng Army, and in the third year of Guangshun in the later Zhou Dynasty (953), it was renamed Vu Thang Army. Wu Shengjun has occupied Dengzhou for 323 years, becoming the political, economic, military and cultural center of Nanyang Basin for 225 years.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were still three counties: Wu Shengjun (Zhirang), Lingrang, Neixiang and Nanyang, and Huizong Chongning (1102-106) Zhirang, Nanyang, Neixiang and Nanyang. At the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty, Deng still returned to Song Dynasty. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Song and Jin made peace, and the Southern Song Dynasty ceded Dengzhou to the Jin Dynasty, with the boundary of 40 miles west and 40 miles south of Dengzhou. Dengzhou is at the forefront of the gold industry, and once set up three kiosks (places for buying and selling) to exchange markets with the Southern Song Dynasty. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), the Jin people were defeated and Dengzhou returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. Two years later, the Jin people went south, and this area returned to the state of Jin. Dengzhou in the Jin Dynasty belonged to Nanjing Road, which was under the jurisdiction of Mao and was located here. Dengzhou has jurisdiction over Rang (including Yang Shun, Xinye, Rangdong and Banqiao), Nanyang (including Zhang Cun Town) and Neixiang (including Xixia Town).

Discussion on moving the capital

From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, the rulers of past dynasties considered moving the capital to Dengzhou six times.

First time: In the second year of Xiaowu in the Northern Wei Dynasty (533), Gao Huan will enter Luoyang. In order to avoid Gao Huan and get close to He Basheng, the secretariat of Jingzhou, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty considered moving the capital to Dengzhou, but Liu Qing, the assistant minister of Sanshi, advised him to move the capital to Chang 'an. After weighing the pros and cons, Emperor Xiaowu finally decided to move the capital to Chang 'an. The following year, Gao Huan entered Luoyang, and later established the Eastern Wei Dynasty in Ye;

The second time: In the autumn of the seventh year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (624), Valerie and Tuli Erhan of Turkey invaded the north of Weishui from Guyuan, Ningxia. Ministers in the Tang Dynasty believed that the reason why Turks coveted Guanzhong was because it was too rich. They suggested moving the capital to other places, and they could choose Xiang and Deng. Tang Gaozu agreed to the minister's suggestion, but Li Shimin, the king of Qin, tried to dissuade him without success.

The third time: in the third year (896), Zhu Pu, a doctor who made suggestions for Pingzhang in the Tang Dynasty, wrote to the court to discuss Xiang and Deng's move to the capital. Zhu Pu said: "The country cannot be moved. Moving the capital to save Xiang and Deng's land is just the Central Plains, with the heart of being a good citizen, only a short distance from Qin, but there is no danger of barbarians invading foreigners. This is the best choice for building the capital. " According to the records in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, there was indeed the intention of moving the capital and Deng, but considering that relying on self-help, it was not realized because of Zhu Wen's containment;

The fourth time: In the first month of the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 126), the State of Jin prepared to attack Kaifeng. Bai Shizhong, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, conspired against Xiang and Deng in order to avoid the attack of the Jin people, but Li Gang, who stayed behind, tried his best to stop him. 1 1 month, the nomads attacked again. South Island coach Zhang Shuye advised Qinzong to "take Tutsi as Chang 'an for the time being", but Qinzong did not give a clear answer. The following year, the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

The fifth time: In A.D. 1 127, the Jin army approached Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu City), and Gaozong wanted to move the capital to avoid the Jin army. Li Gang, a right servant in Shangshu and a scholar in China, advocated moving the capital to Xiang and Deng, saying, "I have said that Guanzhong is the best place to drive around, followed by Xiang and Deng, followed by Jiankang. Your majesty has never been able to do it. " Li Gang also remonstrated, saying, "Today, the six flights have not entered the customs, so it's Deng and Xiang, to show that we don't forget the Central Plains. Recently, I heard that I was in power, and advised your majesty to March to the southeast, and there was Goer, so the Central Plains would not be mine! " Wang Boyan, Huang Qian Shan and others suggested moving the capital to the southeast on the grounds of avoiding Germany. Li Gang argued that he could not move the capital to the southeast, so he invited Deng and Xiang Jian to Dengzhou. Scheeren Liu Jue spoke loudly: "The most important thing today is to love Japanese power in the trial. Nanyang is close to the Central Plains, easy to call the Quartet, and there is a natural danger in the Yangtze River, which can be adhered to. " Most scholar-officials agreed with Liu Jue. In September, the nomads from the army marched into Heyang and approached Tokyo. Emperor Gaozong moved to Huaidian, invited by Wang Boyan and Huang Qian Shan.

Sixth time: In the first year of Tianxing of Jin Aizong (1233), Mongolian troops besieged Kaifeng, the capital of Jin State. Marshal Pig advocated moving the capital to Germany (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), but Prime Minister Sai, right minister Lang Zhong Baihua and others advocated entering Dengzhou. In the second year, Aizong fled to Germany first, then to Cai Zhou (now runan county), and planned to enter Dengzhou again, but was surrounded by the Song and Yuan allied forces in Cai Zhou and failed to make it. Finally, the emperor died.

Yuan Ming Qing dynasty

From the beginning of Yuan Dynasty to the tenth year of Yuan Dynasty (1273), Dengzhou belonged to Xiangyang County. In the 16th year of Zhiyuan (1279), Dengzhou was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang prefecture, Zhongshu province in northern Henan province. The government ruled Nanyang (now Wancheng District), and the national government is still there. Originally, the six counties were Rang, Wan, Neixiang, Xichuan, Xixia and Yang Shun. Later, he led Mao, Xinye and Neixiang counties. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to today's dengzhou city and Xinye, Neixiang, Xixia, Xichuan and other counties. In Ming Dynasty, Dengzhou belonged to Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province. Hongwu was abandoned in the county in February of the second year (1369). In the 13th year (1380), Rang County was resumed in November. 14 May (138 1), the province was restored as a state, and there was no county. The state has jurisdiction over Xinye, Neixiang and Xichuan counties. In the Qing Dynasty, Dengzhou still belonged to Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province. After Yongzheng, the county was not led by scattered states.

Republic of China and Republic of China

In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Dengzhou was changed to Dengxian, which belonged to southern Henan province. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), it was renamed Ruyang Road. In 16 (1927), it was directly under the Henan provincial government. In 22 years (1933), it was designated as the sixth administrative supervision area in Henan province. In 36 years (1947), China People's Liberation Army occupied southwest Henan. In February 65438, Deng County was established in the south of the Turbulent River. In the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1948), it was established in Dengbei County. In September, Dengxi County was established. In the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), in June of 5438+0, Dengxi County was abolished, and its jurisdiction was vested in Beixian County and Dengxian County respectively. In March, Dengxian County and Dengbei County merged into Dengxian County, which belongs to Nanyang District, Henan Province. 1972 65438+February, 56 brigades and 573 production teams of Jiuzhong and Houpo Commune were assigned to Xichuan County.

reform and opening-up

1988165438+1October 17. With the approval of the State Council, China, Deng County was abolished and dengzhou city (county and city) was established, which was managed by Nanyang. In 2004, the provincial government approved dengzhou city to enjoy all the economic and social management authority of the municipality under its jurisdiction, making it a city with a separate economic status.

20 1 1 was identified by the provincial government as one of the ten pilot counties and cities in the province.

20 14, directly managed by Henan province. 1988, Deng county was abolished and dengzhou city was established; 1989 was identified as an open city by the State Council; 1993 was identified by the State Council as a special pilot city for reform and opening up; 1996 was named as a famous historical and cultural city by the provincial government; In 200 1 year, it was determined by the provincial government as a pilot city to give priority to the development of medium-sized cities; In 2004, it was identified as one of the five economically independent county-level cities in China by the provincial party Committee and the provincial government; In 2006, it was awarded the honorary title of "China No.1 Leifeng City"; 20 1 1 was identified as a pilot city in Henan province by the provincial government. In 20 12, it was listed as a regional central city in Danjiangkou reservoir area by the State Council. 20 14, directly managed by Henan province.