Ten Scenes of West Lake in Southern Song Dynasty. Ten Views of the West Lake

Su Causeway is the first of the ten scenic spots in Xiao Chun West Lake.

Su Causeway starts from Nanping Mountain in the south and ends at Qixia Mountain in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. Su Dongpo, a great writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, dredged the West Lake and used the dredged mud when he was the magistrate of Hangzhou. Later generations named Su Di to commemorate his achievements in managing the West Lake. The waves lying on the long embankment connect the north and south mountains, adding a charming scenery to the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiao Chun, Su Causeway was listed as the first of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Liuqiao Willow" and was listed as the ten scenic spots in Qiantang, which shows that it has been deeply loved by people since ancient times.

After the winter has passed, Su Causeway is like the messenger of late spring, with willows on the shore, bright peaches burning, and lake waves like mirrors, reflecting beautiful images and infinite tenderness. The most touching thing is that at dawn, the western hills are sinking, the breeze is blowing slowly, and the willows are floating on the embankment, which is fascinating.

Quyuan Wind Lotus, with the theme of lotus viewing in summer, inherits Su Causeway's spring dawn and ranks second among the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. Qu Yuan was originally a brewing workshop opened by the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court. It is located near the Hongchun Bridge on Lingyin Road, near the shore of the West Lake at that time. Lotus flowers were planted on the shore of the lake. In summer, when Xu Lailiang blows gently, there are lotus flowers and wine everywhere, which makes people drunk without drinking. Wang Yan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once said in a poem: "Looking for summer is cold in spring, and the pier is cold in the evening. Ai Quxiang array is far away from people, and you can buy a boat after Gao Qiao. " After the Quyuan gradually declined, abandoned. After Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty wrote Ten Scenes of the West Lake, a pavilion of Quyuan Fenghe Jingbei was built across Hongqiao in Su Causeway. All that remains is a small lotus flower on the lake in front of a small courtyard.

Qu Yuan's wind load, the most striking thing is to enjoy the load in summer. Hundreds of varieties of lotus are cultivated in the lotus ponds of all sizes in the park, among which the wind and lotus scenic spots are particularly charming. Here, the water surface is dominant, and there are many varieties of lotus, including red lotus, white lotus, heavy lotus, sprinkling lotus and Bindilian. Lotus leaves and fields are charming. Small bridges of different shapes were set up on the water, and people walked across them. For example, walking in Holland, people lean on flowers, flowers reflect people's faces, and flowers fall in love with people. Pinghu Qiuyue Scenic Area is located at the western end of Bai Causeway, at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, near the West Lake. In fact, as one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake, Pinghu Autumn Moon did not have a fixed scenic spot in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is not difficult to see from the poems praised by scholars in Yuan and Ming Dynasties at that time. For example, in the poem of NaHo in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a saying, "When the bright moon is cold, the song ends." Ming Hongzhanzu wrote in his poem: "Autumn Geren climbed the waves and wrinkled, and the fairy mountain castle was dusty in the mirror." In the woodcut prints of the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the picture of autumn moon in Pinghu is still dominated by tourists looking up at the moon on the lake boat.

Hutianyi Bilou, located on the west side of the scenic spot, was originally the remains of Luoyuan, a private villa of Hatong, a wealthy Jewish businessman and "adventurer" in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and later became the cradle of modern woodcut movement in China-the location of Bayi Art Club. Today, it has become the Xiling Painting and Calligraphy Institute, adding a bookish atmosphere to the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. Broken bridge and snow is a famous scenery on the West Lake, which is famous for its looming bridge deck in winter snow. It belongs to one of the ten scenic spots of West Lake.

Broken Bridge is located at the eastern end of Bai Causeway in West Lake, Hangzhou, with its back against Baoshi Mountain and facing Hangzhou City. It is the dividing point between Waihu Lake and Beili Lake. The broken bridge has a high potential and a wide field of vision, which is the best place to watch the snow scene of the West Lake in winter. When the snow began to fall, I stood on the gem mountain and looked south. The West Lake is covered with silver and Bai Causeway is covered with snow and ice. The arch surface of the broken bridge is exposed, and the ice and snow melt in the sun, revealing mottled bridge railings, while the two ends of the bridge are still covered with snow. The dimly discernible stone bridge seems to be hidden, but the white snow in the culvert shines brightly, which is in contrast with the taupe bridge deck. It looks like a broken bridge from a distance, so it is called a broken bridge. The earliest record of "broken bridge and broken snow" is Zhang Hu in the Tang Dynasty. His "On Hangzhou Gushan Temple" says:

The balcony rises above the blue cen and extends to the middle of the lake. There is no rain, the mountains are long and moist, and there is no cloud and no water. The broken bridge is barren, and the empty courtyard is deep. I still remember the moon at the west window and the bells ringing in the forest of steles.

The poem "The Broken Bridge is Desolate and Rusty" shows that the broken bridge was originally an old flat stone bridge with mottled moss. At the beginning of the heavy snow, the snow residue on the mossy ancient stone bridge did not disappear, and it seemed to have the feeling of residual water, which also laid the foundation for the unique landscape of the West Lake. The night clock in Nanping is perhaps the earliest of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter, painted the Night Clock Map of Nanping. Although this painting is far less famous in painting circles than his Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it was recorded in Tianshui Iceberg Record in Ming Dynasty (Tianshui Iceberg Record was a list of property copied when investigating corrupt official Yan Song in Ming Dynasty, which was rare and precious and compiled as Tianshui Iceberg Record). ). Nanping Mountain spans the south bank of the West Lake, with a height of only 100 meters, and the mountain extends over 1000 meters. On the mountain, there are strange rocks and beautiful trees. On a sunny day, there are blue sky and white clouds all over the mountain, and the color is delicious. On a rainy and foggy day, clouds cover the fog, and the mountains seem to be dancing lightly, ethereal and ethereal. In the first year of the Later Zhou Dynasty (954), Qian Hongshu, the Lord of the State of Wu Yue, built a Buddhist temple at the foot of Nanping Mountain-Huiri Yongming Courtyard, which later became Jingci Temple, one of the two major Buddhist Dojo in the West Lake, alongside Lingyin Temple.

Another famous Buddhist temple at the foot of Nanping Mountain was built in the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (1972). This used to be the base camp of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism. Jingci Temple, Xingjiao Temple and nearby small and medium-sized temples have formed another Buddhist temple community on the lake after Lingyin and Tianzhu, with morning bells and drums, burning Buddhist names and lighting cigarettes and candles. Since then, Nanping Mountain has added the charm of Nanping's late bell, forming leisurely. The mountains around Nanping Mountain are made of limestone and porous, so the rock walls of the peaks stand like barriers. Whenever the bell of the Buddhist temple rings at night, the oscillation frequency of the bell spreads to the mountains, and rocks and caves are forced to move by it, which accelerates the vibration of sound waves, and the amplitude increases sharply, forming * * * vibration. The rocks and caves then produce a loudspeaker effect, which enhances the sound of * * *. At the same time, the bell flew over the West Lake at the same frequency, reached the other side of the West Lake, and met Geling, which was composed of igneous rocks on the other side, with constant echoes. After nearly 40 years of continuous development and construction, Liulang's oriole has evolved from the imperial garden enjoyed by emperors to a paradise for ordinary people. She still takes the green willow color and graceful warblers as the keynote of the park landscape, and plants characteristic willows such as weeping willows, lion willows, drunken willows and sand willows along the lake embankment and the main road of the garden road. In the main scenic spot in the middle of the park, Wenying Pavilion was opened, and a giant cage "Bird Paradise" was arranged not far from Wenying Pavilion, creating a beautiful atmosphere of fireworks, willows flying and warblers in March. In the east of Wenying Pavilion, there is a friendship garden scenic spot with lawns and dense forests, and some Japanese cherry blossoms have been introduced. On the north side of the lawn, there is a stone platform and a monument to "No War between Japan and China". On the west side of Wenying Pavilion, there is a large lawn that was built when Liuyang Wenying rebuilt. The grass color overlooks the green hills of the West Lake, and on the north side of the lawn is the Liuyang Wenying Monument inscribed by Emperor Kangxi, which was moved here. Tall arbor forests are planted on the south side, which form a vivid picture with rich layers and angles with lawns, Liu 'an and lakes and mountains.

The earlier Qianwang Memorial Hall in the north of the park was transformed into a courtyard scenic spot with the style and layout of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, and was named after the old name of "Jujing Garden". Gardens, pavilions, fake mountain spring pools, small bridges, flowing water, low walls and leaking windows, and exotic flowers and grasses all have their own places, which makes the whole park winding and secluded, unique. In 2003, the Qianwang Memorial Hall was rebuilt here, and Ju Jing Garden no longer exists.

The southeast of the park has been transformed into a place for mass entertainment activities, and an open-air stage has been built, which has become a good place for Hangzhou citizens and tourists from all directions to do morning exercises, take vacations and celebrate festivals. Every summer and autumn, it is also a "night garden" to cool off the heat. There are various forms of songs and dances, operas and movies, and various flower exhibitions and lantern festivals are held irregularly, attracting people. After the reconstruction project of the south line of West Lake, Liulang Wenying became an open park, and the night garden project was cancelled.

Huagang Fish Watching Park is located in the west of the southern section of Su Causeway, on a peninsula between Xili Lake and Hu Xiaonan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yun Sheng, the chamberlain, built a private garden at the foot of Huajiashan, not far from here. Flowers and trees in the park are sparse, water is diverted into the pool, and five-color fish are raised for viewing, which has gradually become a frequent destination for tourists. It is said that Luyuan is named Huagang because it is close to Huajiashan. The court painter included it when he created the ten scenes of the West Lake. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1699), Emperor Michelle Ye visited the West Lake, wrote books to watch fish in Huagang as usual, and built a stone tablet beside the fish pond. Later, when Qianlong visited the West Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, he wrote a poem in the shadow of the tablet. There is a cloud in the poem: "There is a flower harbor at the foot of Huajiashan, and there are fish and flowers."

Today, Watching Fish in Huagang is a big park covering more than 20 hectares. The whole park is divided into five scenic spots: Red Fish Pond, Peony Garden, Huagang, Big Lawn and Dense Forest. Double peaks, disk guide peaks and north peaks.

The towering Tianmu Mountain faces east, and the other vein meets the West Lake, which is divided into north and south, forming Nanshan and Beishan in the West Lake Scenic Area. Among them, Nanfeng and Beifeng were inhabited by monks in ancient times, and a stupa was built on the top of the mountain, which was far opposite and much higher than the peaks. Spring and autumn are beautiful, the fog is white, the spire is in the clouds, and it is hidden from time to time. From a distance, the momentum is extraordinary. In the Southern Song Dynasty, these two peaks were listed as one of the ten scenic spots of the West Lake. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty changed the title to "Two Peaks Inserting Clouds" and built a viewing pavilion next to Hongchun Bridge. At that time, the ancient pagoda of Shuangfeng was destroyed for a long time, so that even the original connotation of this scene once made it difficult to know that those "clouds" were empty talk. It is an expedient measure to set up a monument pavilion here. "The floating graphics are opposite to Cui Wei, and the products are green and floating. Try to look up at Phoenix Mountain, where the sky is high in the south and the smoke is low in the north. " This is a poem by Wang Yan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, which tells people: the landscape of the two peaks in the clouds.

Although the location and viewing mode of the two peaks have changed frequently since ancient times, the Sandao Peak on the north and south sides is the famous peak in Yaoshan Mountain of West Lake, and it has not changed so far. Nanfeng is near the West Lake, with a peak height of 257 meters. On the way to climb the mountain, the steep rocks are exposed and the cliffs are towering. Climbing to the top of the mountain and overlooking the east, the panoramic view of the West Lake is vivid, not a painting, but a painting. Beifeng, 3 14 above sea level, is located on Lingyin Temple Mountain. From the west side of the temple to the thousand steps, around 36 bends. Along the way, the mountains and streams are clear and the trees overlap. The ancients had a poem praising:' It rains all the way, and clouds gather in the blue sky'. On the Shandong side, there is the West Lake Bayi manned cableway, with a total length of more than 60%. It only takes six or seven minutes to go up and down the mountain. Santan silver moon Scenic Area is located in Zhou Xiaoying. Zhou Xiaoying, Hu Xinting and Ruan Gongdun are collectively called the three islands on the lake. Including the water surface, the whole island covers an area of about seven hectares. There are curved bridges connecting the north and the south, and bridges connecting the east and the west with earth dikes cross each other, dividing the water surface of the island into four parts, and the periphery of the water surface is a circular dike. Seen from the air, the land on the island looks like a giant "field", which shows that there are islands in the lake and lakes in the island. The waterscape is unique among the ten scenic spots of the West Lake, and it is a classic of water town gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in China. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Qiantang County ordered Nie Xintang to take the silt from the lake and build a dam around the island, which initially became a lake in the lake as a place for release. Later generations built three small bottle-shaped stone pagodas in the south lake of the island, which were called "three pools". In the early Qing dynasty, there were curved bridges and halls on the island, and hibiscus was planted around the inner lake. After Peng Yulin, a retired general in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, built a villa here, Zhou Xiaoying began to take shape.

The three beaches in silver moon are rich in landscape layers, diverse in space and unique in architectural layout. Landing from the north pier of the island, passing through two buildings such as the Pantheon, that is, stepping into the Jiuqu Pingqiao, there are four pavilions with different shapes on the bridge, namely Wang Kaiting, Pavilion, Kangxi Imperial Monument Pavilion and Me and Ai, which make people stop and go, have a rest, laugh or take photos as a souvenir, linger and enjoy the beautiful scenery.

To the east of Jiuqu Bridge, there is a short wall of white powder across the water. The two ends of the wall are not connected and shaped like a screen. However, there are four leaky windows on the powder wall, which are decorated with exquisite flowers. The space inside and outside the wall is separated and infiltrated with each other. Outside the wall, tourists are bustling, but inside the wall, it is elegant and quiet, and it is very different from each other at close range.

tourist handbook

Classification of scenic spots: wetland lakes

Opening hours: all day

Ticket price: There are no tickets for West Lake. There are other scenic spots near the West Lake that need tickets, such as 60 yuan in Leifeng Pagoda, 30 yuan, a student, 45 yuan in boating on the West Lake, and 35 yuan in Lingyin Temple. But here are several kinds of incense to buy, starting from 30 yuan.

The best time: February is foggy, and the misty West Lake has outstanding scenery, just like Yaochi Wonderland; In April, there was a lot of rain, and the rainy West Lake seemed unreal and unique. 10 night, the moon is in the sky, boating on the lake, wine tasting and enjoying the moon, and freehand brushwork; In February of 65438+, it was snowy, and the West Lake was like a small jasper walking through the snow. Therefore, the West Lake has different scenery in different seasons.

Traffic Guide: You can take Bus No.27, 42, 308, 504, Tour No.5 and Holiday No.5 to reach the scenic spot.

Audio guide paper towels: 2012165438+10. On 9 October, Weibo, Hangzhou Tourism Commission, revealed that audio guide paper towels would be distributed free of charge. Colored paper towels printed with the tour map of Leifeng Tower scenic spot in Hangzhou West Lake have two QR codes in the lower left corner. After scanning, you can hear the audio tour of Leifeng Tower Scenic Area and download the pictures of the scenic area. Motiong Media, a paper towel manufacturer, said that in the future, they will also launch "Ten Scenes of West Lake" paper towels with QR codes.

Tourism communication

Xiao Chun, Su Causeway: Take Bus No.507, 504, K4 and 2 and get off at Su Causeway Station.

Quyuan Fenghe: Take bus No.507, 538 and 15 and get off at Quyuan Fenghe Station.

Pinghu Qiuyue: No.27, get off at No.7 Yuefen Station.

Broken Bridge and Residual Snow: Get off at K7 Broken Bridge and Residual Snow Station.

Liulang Wenying: Take K4 and 38 to Qingbomen Station.

Huagang Fish Watching Park: Take K4, 538 and K599 and get off at Su Causeway Station.

Lei Feng sunset: K4, travel 1 to Jingsi.

Shuangfeng in the Cloud: Take Bus No.507 and get off at Hongchunqiao Station.

Yun Qi Zhujing: Take Bus No.27 and No.508 and get off at Longjing Village Station.

Man Gui Long Lane: Go to K4 Zoo Station.

Tiger Run: Take K4, 538 and K599 Land Rover Run Stations.

Longjing Tea: Take Bus No.27 and No.508 and get off at Longjing Village Station.

Jiuxi Tobacco Tree: K4, 27, 308, 504, Tour 5 and Holiday 5 can all be reached.

Wu Shan: Take bus No.35, No.38 and No.40 and get off at Wu Shan Square Station.

Huanglongdong: Take bus 16, 2 1, 23, 28 and K599 and get off at Huanglongdong Station.

Yuhuangshan: Visit 3 Yuhuangshan Station.

Baoshishan: Take K7 2 and 27 and get off at Geling Station.