Development history of northeast anti-Japanese Coalition forces

The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces are the anti-Japanese armed forces of the people of all ethnic groups in Northeast China founded and led by the Production Party of China. It is a part of the Japanese people's anti-Japanese army and a people's army armed with patriotism and internationalism. When the Chinese nation was in danger, it stepped forward to defend itself. In the extremely difficult years of 14, he fought indomitable bloody battles with Japanese imperialist aggressors, annihilated and contained a large number of enemies, and made important contributions to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Northeast China and the whole country.

The struggle of the anti-Japanese Coalition forces in Northeast China emerged and developed in the climax of the vigorous anti-Japanese and national salvation struggle launched by people from all walks of life in Northeast China after the "September 18th Incident". The Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition was established on the basis of the remnants of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers, the anti-Japanese guerrillas and the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army. 193 1 before the September 18th incident, our party had no armed forces in the northeast. 1927 Before the August 7th meeting of the * * * Production Party in China, there was not even a unified Party organization in the Northeast. After the August 7th meeting, the Central Committee sent Chen, Minister and Secretary-General of Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee, to the Northeast to establish the Central Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, a unified party organization in the Northeast. 192710/kloc-0 on October 24th, at No.48, Shisandao Street, Daoli District, Harbin, Comrade Chen Wei presided over the first party member Congress in Northeast China, with 40 representatives from Harbin, Dalian, Changchun and Shenyang attending. At the meeting, we adopted our program in Manchuria and two resolutions of the Manchurian workers' movement and the peasant movement. It was decided that the "pro-committee organ" was located in Fengtian (now Shenyang), and at the same time, it issued a circular No.1 to all party organizations in Northeast China, announcing the establishment of the Manchuria Provincial Pro-committee to lead the party committees in Fengfeng, Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces. This meeting marks a new stage of the people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary struggle in Northeast China. But the meeting did not decide to establish revolutionary armed forces.

1928 September, the Central Committee of Manchuria Province was changed to the Central Committee of Manchuria. Since then, there has been a truly unified party leadership in Northeast China, which has effectively promoted the work of party organizations in the three northeastern provinces. Under the leadership of the Central Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, the struggles of workers' strikes, students' strikes, agricultural movements and military movements in Northeast China have become increasingly high, and the Central Manchuria Provincial Party Committee has become the leading core of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle in Northeast China. Before the "September 18th Incident", the main task of Manchuria Provincial Committee in Northeast China was to carry out the agrarian revolution and carry out the revolutionary struggle centered on the establishment of Soviet regime.

1931September 18, the Japanese launched a long-planned war of aggression and occupied northeast China. 1931September19, China's Manchuria Provincial Committee issued the Declaration on Japanese Imperialist Armed Occupation of Manchuria, exposing the crime of Japanese imperialism's aggression and the crime of the Kuomintang's surrender to imperialism, pointing out that Japan would turn northeast China into its colony and calling on the northeast people to get up and drive away the Japanese aggressors.

193 1 On September 20th, 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Statement on the Japanese Imperialist Rape and Occupation of Three Northeast Provinces", denouncing the Kuomintang government's traitorous non-resistance policy and calling on the people of the whole country to resist Japanese imperialist aggression; 1931September 2 1 day, more than 3,000 northeast students exiled to Beiping set up the Northeast Students' Anti-Japanese Federation, organized "death squads" and determined to "fight against Japanese thieves"; 193 1 On September 22nd, China * * * Central Committee made the Resolution on the Japanese Imperialist Occupation of Manchuria, demanding "strengthening the mass anti-imperialist movement in Manchuria, launching mass struggles to resist Japanese imperialist aggression" and "organizing mutiny and guerrilla warfare to directly and severely attack Japanese imperialism"; 193 1 On September 23rd, Manchuria Provincial Party Committee made an urgent resolution on soldiers' work, and issued a call for Party organizations to lead the people in Northeast China in guerrilla warfare. 193101012 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an "instruction on the work of Manchu soldiers" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, pointing out that it is necessary to "seize the favorable opportunity to establish guerrillas and open up guerrilla zones. In the same month, the 20th issue of Red Flag Weekly published Zhou Enlai's article "Japanese Imperialism Occupying Manchuria and Our Party's Current Tasks", pointing out that organizing "Volunteers for National Salvation" has become the general requirement of the working masses of workers and peasants, and they should lead the workers and peasants and all the oppressed people to organize their own armed volunteers for national salvation. Immediately, the Central Manchuria Provincial Party Committee made a decision to create anti-Japanese guerrillas and carry out guerrilla warfare in various places.

Under the situation that ethnic contradictions have become the main contradictions in China, under the influence of the anti-Japanese call of the Chinese production party and the anti-Japanese wave of the broad masses of the people, some officers and men of the Northeast Army who are patriotic and have national integrity rose up to resist Japan. On September 24th, Du Li, commander of Yilan garrison and brigade commander of the 24th brigade, electrified all counties under his jurisdiction, calling on the military and civilians to unite against Japan. 1931On September 25th, Zhang Zuozhou, the 25th brigade stationed in the capital of Jilin Province, arrived in Yushu and declared anti-Japanese. At the end of the same month, Feng Zhanhai, deputy commander of the Northeast Frontier Command in Kyrgyzstan and head of the Guard Corps, led a swearing-in meeting in Laoyingpan, Yongji County, to electrify the whole province; 193 1 65438+1At the beginning of October, the Northeast People's Self-Defense Force was established in Gujiapuzi, Xiaotanggou, fourth area, Fengcheng County, with Deng as its secretary. They are dwarfed by equipment and training. Under the attack of the Kuomintang government's non-resistance and non-assistance, and under the oppression and encirclement of the evil Japanese imperialism, they spontaneously organized various anti-Japanese teams (collectively referred to as anti-Japanese volunteers) such as "Volunteers, Salvation Army and Self-Defense Force", desperate to fight the anti-Japanese battlefield. In particular, the Northeast Volunteers led by Ma Zhanshan took the lead in fighting the main divisions of the Japanese Kwantung Army and the puppet troops in Zhang Haipeng in June1931/KLOC-0, annihilating many enemies, winning applause and assistance from the people of the whole country, and becoming temporary national heroes against Japan.

The victory of the volunteers greatly inspired the people's anti-Japanese determination and aroused the people's anti-Japanese will, and the ranks of volunteers also expanded accordingly. Joining the ranks of the volunteers are not only the * * * producers, workers, peasants, students and intellectuals who fought bravely for the complete liberation of the people of China and the independence of the Chinese nation, but also local officials and local gentry, and even the "Red Gun Club" and "Big Sword Club" of the greenwood teams and non-governmental organizations all over Northeast China. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers are surging, flourishing, developing rapidly and participating in a wide range of classes, which is unprecedented in the history of Northeast China. From the rise of the Volunteers to the summer of 1932, it has grown to more than 300,000 people in just over half a year.

Under various difficult conditions, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers bravely and tenaciously stopped the Japanese invasion. * * * The Manchurian Provincial Party Committee gave leadership and help to the rise and development of the Anti-Japanese Volunteers when possible. The Northeast Party Organization not only mobilized the masses to support the volunteers, mobilized workers and peasants to join the volunteers, but also sent many party member production and progressive people to work in the volunteers, which played an important role in the anti-Japanese struggle of the volunteers and laid the foundation for the establishment of the anti-Japanese Coalition forces in the future.

Because the volunteers are not anti-Japanese troops led by the * * production party, most of their leaders are officers of the old army. They are politically backward, with many factions, different opinions, mutual suspicion and even fire fighting. The troops they lead are complex in composition, lax in discipline and often lack resistance to the enemy. Under the pressure of the enemy's all-round attack and divide-and-conquer, they have collapsed and disappeared Facts have proved that they cannot shoulder the heavy responsibility of leading the masses in the anti-Japanese struggle, but they are still of great significance in the history of China's national liberation struggle. It was a large-scale people's spontaneous resistance movement, which opened the prelude to the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in Northeast China, dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors, delayed Japan's occupation of Northeast China and expanded the war of aggression against China, and its patriotic spirit of people from all walks of life had a far-reaching impact on the development of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement in Northeast China and the whole country.

* * * The Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, while leading and assisting the volunteers in their struggle, paid attention to the establishment of anti-Japanese armed forces under the direct leadership of the Party. Since 1932, the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee has sent Yang Lin and Yang Jingyu, secretaries of the Military Commission of the Provincial Party Committee, to Nanman. Tong Dao, secretary of Dalian Municipal Party Committee, went to Dongman; Zhao Shangzhi, secretary of the Provincial Military Commission, went to Bayan and He Zhu; Feng Zhongyun, Secretary-General of the Provincial Party Committee, went to Tangyuan to set up anti-Japanese armed forces, and successively set up more than a dozen anti-Japanese guerrillas, such as Bayan, Panshi, Hailong, Yanji, Hunchun, Wangqing, Antu, Helong, Hezhu, Mishan, Ninghe, Tangyuan and Raohe, as well as anti-Japanese national salvation guerrillas and Suining anti-Japanese allied forces to carry out guerrilla warfare and fight against Japanese aggressors. At the same time, we will strive for the puppet troops to defect and incorporate the remnants of the volunteers and other anti-Japanese armed forces such as the "Mountain Forest Team" and the "Red Gun Club". Anti-Japanese guerrillas all over the country continued to develop and strengthen their strength in the bloody battle of the puppet troops that day.

From June 1932 to September 1933, the people's anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Party were active in the anti-Japanese battlefield with brand-new ideological style and fighting style. With the aim of resisting Japan and saving the nation, they were closely integrated with the people, brave and tenacious, and devoted themselves heroically, so that the people in Northeast China trampled by Japanese invaders got a fight from the anti-Japanese guerrillas. However, the northeast people's urgent demand for resisting Japan and saving the nation was influenced by the "Left" policy of Wang Ming, the central leading organ of China at that time. 1The "Northern Conference" held in June, 932 stipulated that the northern provinces, including Northeast China, should be used as the southern revolutionary base areas to carry out agrarian revolution, establish Soviet political power and the Red Army, and revoke the leadership position of Comrade Luo Dengxian, secretary of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee who adhered to the correct direction of the anti-Japanese struggle. The leaders of the provincial party committee and some local party organizations insisted on the correct proposition and practical work of assisting the volunteers and uniting other anti-Japanese armed forces, which was called "opportunism", which was seriously divorced from the reality of the work in Northeast China at that time, not only losing the favorable situation of the vigorous development of the anti-Japanese volunteers, but also adversely affecting the development of the anti-Japanese guerrillas.

193365438+1On October 3rd, Japanese invaders invaded Shanhaiguan, expanding the war of aggression to North China. 654381October 7, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union and the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Workers and Peasants Red Army issued a declaration, solemnly stating that the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army is willing to conclude a combat agreement with any domestic army under the three conditions of stopping attacking the Soviet area, ensuring the people's democratic rights and arming the people. On October 26th, 65438/KLOC-0, the letter from the Central Committee to the Party Departments at all levels in Manchuria and all party member (referred to as the "January 26th Instruction Letter") further put forward the policy of implementing the national anti-Japanese United front in Northeast China, and United all kinds of anti-Japanese armed forces to jointly resist Japan. The strategy of establishing an anti-Japanese armed United front put forward in the "November 26th Instruction Letter" is in line with the actual situation in Northeast China. According to the strategic policy of "November 26th Instruction Letter", Party organizations in all parts of Northeast China stopped the policy of agrarian revolution in Northeast China, and changed the establishment of Soviet regime and Red Army guerrillas into the establishment of anti-Japanese people's government and people's revolutionary army. This decision means that the northeast anti-Japanese guerrilla organization will develop in the direction of the anti-Japanese armed United front, marking the beginning of the unification, regularization and serialization of anti-Japanese armed forces and the new beginning of guerrilla warfare.

From September 1933 to February 1936, the anti-Japanese guerrillas were successively reorganized into six armies: the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces.

During and after the establishment of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, the armies worked hard and meticulously to win over and unite various anti-Japanese armed forces. The people's revolutionary army's bravery and loyalty to the cause of resisting Japan and saving the nation inspired all kinds of anti-Japanese teams to move closer to the people's revolutionary army. Before the establishment of the Army Headquarters, the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army 1 Army and the 2nd Army established their own independent divisions under the Army. 1 The Army Independent Division was established in1September, 933. From1June, 934 to1October, 934, the Independent Division joined several anti-Japanese volunteers and mountain forest teams to fight together. On February 2 1 day, the Independent Division Command held a meeting attended by representatives of the Anti-Japanese Volunteers, adopted the Declaration of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, established the General Command of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, and elected Yang Jingyu as the Commander-in-Chief. Centered on the 1 Army Independent Division, more than 5,000 volunteers led the anti-Japanese war and participated in joint operations. The 2nd Army 1 Independent Division was established in March 1934. 1In July, 934, the Independent Division joined more than ten volunteers and forest teams to form the Anti-Japanese Joint Command, and Wang Detai was elected as the command. 1000 volunteers and forest teams participated in joint operations; Before the establishment of the 3rd Army,1March, 934, the Hezhu guerrillas initiated a summit meeting of volunteers and mountain forest teams in the name of "loving the people", "coming from the north", "friendship" and "seven provinces", in accordance with the three conditions put forward by the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee (no surrender, no betrayal, recovering lost territory and resisting Japan to the end. Support the interests of the people; Allow the people to arm themselves against Japan), decided to set up the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Command, and elected Zhao Shangzhi as Commander-in-Chief. The Fourth Army and the Fifth Army were established and developed with the anti-Japanese team directly led by our Party as the backbone and combined with the surplus of the Salvation Army and other anti-Japanese armed forces. The establishment of joint military headquarters, general headquarters and allied forces in various places marked the initial formation of an anti-Japanese United front centered on the People's Revolutionary Army and attended by various anti-Japanese armed forces.

The establishment of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, the formation of the anti-Japanese United front and the development of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors. In more than two years, due to the implementation of the anti-Japanese United front policy, various ministries of the People's Revolutionary Army implemented strategies and tactics in line with the reality of guerrilla warfare, fought bravely in a difficult environment, smashed many "crusades" of the Japanese and puppet troops, developed and expanded their own ranks, expanded guerrilla base areas, and opened up new guerrilla areas, which made the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in Northeast China show a good situation of vigorous development. 1935 Since May, Japan invaded North China, and the North China Incident, in which the Kuomintang government humiliated its power and country, occurred, resulting in an unprecedented national crisis. On August 1 day of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China published the Letter to All Compatriots for Resistance Against Japan and National Salvation (the "August 1 Declaration"), which pointed out: "Our country and our nation are at a critical juncture of life and death. Live if you resist Japan, or die if you don't resist Japan; Resisting Japan and saving the country has become the sacred duty of every compatriot! " ; Call on the whole country to "stop the civil war, so as to concentrate all the national forces (manpower, material resources, financial resources, force, etc.). Struggle for the sacred cause of resisting Japan and saving the country "; And put forward the idea of organizing the national defense government and the anti-Japanese Coalition forces. In June 5438+10 of the same year, the Central Red Army reached northern Shaanxi on the Long March. The publication of the "August 1 Declaration" and the victory of the Red Army's Long March greatly encouraged the people of the whole country to resist Japan and promoted the vigorous development of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. The northeast people and officers and men of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army on the front line of the guerrilla war against Japan were greatly encouraged. 1in the winter of 935, under the leadership of the Northeast Party Organization, the ministries of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army began to establish the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition. 1On February 20th, 936, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces issued the Declaration on the Establishment of the Unified Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, declaring that all the People's Revolutionary Army, the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces and the Anti-Japanese Guerrillas were anti-Japanese Allied Forces and Anti-Japanese Guerrillas. 1February 1936 to1February 1937, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition was established. This period is the second reconstruction and expansion of the anti-Japanese army in Northeast China, and it is also a period of further expansion of the anti-Japanese army. During this period, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army expanded from six in the past to 1 1, which formed the first unified title of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army-the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, marking the new climax of guerrilla warfare in Northeast China.

In this 1 1 army, the 8th, 9th, 10 and10/army were established on the basis of the remnants of the volunteers and the anti-Japanese forest team, except that the 7th army was established on the basis of the 4th regiment of the 4th Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army.