Energy consumption can be divided into several major items.

Energy consumption itemized measurement

technical terms

With the rapid development of national economic construction and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for all kinds of energy consumption is also increasing, which brings great pressure to energy supply.

Chinese name

Energy consumption itemized measurement

subject

energy science

purpose

Energy consumption management

kind

technical terms

The present situation of energy management, the design idea of policy system of energy consumption sub-metering system, and the main functions of the software, said TA.

Present situation of energy management

Looking at the whole energy consumption situation, large and medium-sized buildings are major energy consumers; Therefore, the country's requirements for building energy conservation and consumption reduction are getting higher and higher, and relevant policies and regulations have emerged.

According to statistics, the energy consumption of buildings is mainly on power equipment such as air conditioning, lighting and hot water supply; The authoritative energy consumption survey report shows that in China, the energy consumption of building envelope, ventilation and air conditioning system equipment accounts for more than 50%, and the energy consumption of lighting and power system accounts for more than 30% (building energy consumption accounts for the following); The proportion of energy consumption in building energy consumption projects is 50-60% for central air conditioning, refrigeration, HVAC and lighting, 20-25% for boiler heating, 5- 10% for hot water, and 5- 10% for water supply and elevators. And the self-insulation of the building is 5- 10%, which shows that the main energy consumption of the building is air conditioning. If we only pursue comfort without taking any energy-saving measures, it is estimated that the annual energy consumption per square meter is at least 100 yuan; How to save energy and reduce consumption scientifically and reasonably while meeting the needs of use and comfort has always been a problem that our whole society has been thinking about.

Practical experience has proved that energy-saving habits, such as conveniently turning off water, not turning on unmanned lights, preventing electric leakage (water, electricity and gas), limiting the upper and lower limits of refrigeration (heat) temperature of air conditioners, and developing good habits of using central air conditioners, have become recognized as effective energy-saving means; In the stage of vigorously promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, in order to achieve the fastest and most obvious energy-saving effect, not only energy-saving means such as installing energy-saving lamps, motor frequency conversion, water-saving sanitary ware, but also a set of perfect energy metering management system is needed to manage energy, quantify energy consumption data, master energy consumption dynamic information, identify the breakthrough point of energy conservation and consumption reduction, compare the differences of energy-saving effects, establish a set of complete energy management measures, strengthen energy management level and improve management efficiency; Use the leverage effect of economic indicators such as energy consumption quantitative assessment index and quantity charging to promote users' skill awareness and achieve the goal of overall energy saving.

According to authoritative research, when summer is hot, the power load increases sharply due to the extensive use of air conditioners, especially central air conditioners. According to statistics, as long as the management of central air-conditioning is strengthened, the "big pot" practice of "sharing expenses by area" is abolished, scientific metering and reasonable charging methods are introduced, so that users can develop good air-conditioning habits and consciously take energy-saving measures such as controlling air-conditioning temperature and measuring how much they pay and use, the energy-saving effect can be achieved. As far as central air conditioning is concerned, it can generally achieve 15 ~ 20% energy saving, and some even can achieve it.

Introduction of Shanghai Heluo Integrated Energy Consumption Metering, Control and Management System The integrated energy metering management system developed by Shanghai Heluo Industrial Co., Ltd. is an automatic energy metering collection, settlement and billing, monitoring and management system integrating remote meter reading system, central air conditioning metering system, energy metering control and management system and other technologies.

The system takes the company's "system software" with independent intellectual property rights as the management platform, combines advanced computer technology and network technology, and combines mature self-developed system hardware equipment, organically integrates the concepts of "scientific metering, reasonable charging and energy-saving management", and establishes an enterprise energy operation system with automatic collection, online monitoring, accurate statistics, reasonable evaluation and effective management of energy consumption such as water, electricity, gas and air conditioning.

The system uses computer technology, on-site energy consumption metering equipment and bus communication network to form an integrated energy management network. Classify or measure energy-consuming equipment independently, and automatically collect measurement data. Users can define the measuring range and monitoring area of energy-consuming equipment by themselves. Realize online dynamic monitoring of energy, energy summary and settlement, comprehensive evaluation and reference of energy consumption indicators, historical data record query and automatic generation of energy consumption reports at various measurement points and regions. It provides decision-making basis for rational energy allocation, effective means for automatic energy management, and scientific management means for quantifying energy consumption data and saving energy and reducing consumption.

Policy of energy consumption itemized measurement system

The energy metering management system of building construction has been highly valued by various functional departments of the state and local governments. Various regulations, standards and guidelines have been issued one after another. It is an important assessment index of green and intelligent energy-saving buildings. From a practical point of view, the implementation of comprehensive energy management is the general trend and the aspiration of the people, and it is an important measure to reflect the energy saving, high efficiency, fairness, rationality and humanization of property energy management. It can also bring convenience such as accuracy, timeliness and recording to the property.

The relevant contents are summarized as follows:

"The measurement of cooling capacity and heat of central air-conditioning system, like heating in northern China, is an important building energy-saving measure. At that time and when the situation requires and has corresponding conditions, it is recommended to set up cooling and heating metering devices according to different floors, different indoor areas and different users or rooms. " —— Excerpted from Design Standard for Building Energy Efficiency (GB 50 189-2005)

Establish the statistical system of energy consumption of government agencies, establish the statistical index system of energy consumption, carry out the special investigation of energy consumption of government agencies, monitor the energy consumption of typical buildings, select high-energy-consuming buildings for sub-item measurement transformation, establish the management platform of energy consumption statistical information, incorporate the energy consumption of government agencies into the national economic energy statistical system, and carry out the national energy consumption survey "—— Excerpts from the implementation opinions of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Ten Key Energy Conservation Projects"

During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, residential buildings and public buildings will strictly implement the standard of 50% energy saving, accelerate the reform of heating system, and increase the promotion of building energy-saving technologies and products, aiming at controlling heating energy consumption, air conditioning energy consumption and lighting energy consumption from the design stage and strengthening energy consumption measurement management. -Excerpted from Article 38 of the National Medium-and Long-term Special Plan for Energy Conservation.

The state takes measures to gradually implement the system of charging by heat measurement for buildings with central heating. New buildings or energy-saving renovation of existing buildings shall be equipped with heat metering devices, indoor temperature control devices and heating system control devices in accordance with regulations. The specific measures shall be formulated by the competent construction department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council. "-Excerpted from the Energy Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Second, strictly implement the air conditioning temperature control standards. All units in public buildings, including state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions, and individual industrial and commercial households, except special units such as hospitals and approved users who have specific requirements on temperature in production technology, the indoor air conditioning temperature is set to not less than 26 degrees Celsius in summer and not more than 20 degrees Celsius in winter. [Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Strict Enforcement of Air Conditioning Temperature Control Standards for Public Buildings] (27) Control the indoor air conditioning temperature.

All units in public buildings, including state organs, social organizations, enterprises, institutions and individual industrial and commercial households, except for specific purposes, the indoor air-conditioning temperature should be set at not less than 26 degrees Celsius in summer and not more than 20 degrees Celsius in winter. Relevant departments should revise and improve the relevant standards of indoor temperature in public buildings, and strengthen supervision and inspection. (thirty-six) to strengthen the management of energy statistics and measurement. The State Council's decision on strengthening energy conservation work

System design thought

1, system design, electric energy metering system design

Generally speaking, it follows the principles of scientific management of energy consumption, promotion of independent energy conservation, quantification of energy consumption data, reasonable measurement and charging, improvement of management efficiency, promotion of overall energy conservation and striving for green energy-saving buildings. Pay attention to scientific equipment configuration, effective control, and promote energy saving through management. The design fully understands the design drawings of water, electricity and heating specialty, and reasonably selects the metering point according to the requirements of the design task book and the principle of energy classification and sub-metering.

Air-conditioning energy measurement First, the cold and heat sources of the basement air-conditioning system are measured through the design points provided by the system host, and the energy is measured as the overall accounting basis of air-conditioning energy consumption in all blocks of the building. Secondly, the main pipes of each floor are equipped with metering points. Finally, the energy consumption measurement and on-line monitoring based on time measurement are carried out for the fan coil units at the end of each air conditioner in the floor to strengthen the control and management of energy consumption of the units; It is used to realize energy-saving temperature limit (cooling is not lower than 26℃, heating is not higher than 2026℃) and humanized temperature adjustment, and finally realize behavior energy saving and management energy saving of air conditioners, and promote the overall energy-saving efficiency.

The sub-metering of electric power is mainly to design measuring points for each main circuit in the low-voltage distribution cabinet on the first basement. According to the design drawings of electrical specialty, the main power supply circuit of power and lighting distribution box on each floor is directly supplied by each main power supply circuit in the low-voltage distribution cabinet of basement substation, so the power measurement is mainly concentrated in the low-voltage distribution cabinet of basement substation, mainly aiming at each main power supply circuit in each low-voltage distribution cabinet. According to the water professional design drawings, the design points of the cold water sub-table are the water supply supervisor of the bathroom, the air conditioning water supply supervisor and the kitchen water supply supervisor on the first basement. Design measuring points of main water supply pipes in toilets on the first to fifth floors.

2, the system equipment configuration scheme

The energy metering of central air conditioning is realized by installing a flowmeter on the water supply of central air conditioning, installing a temperature sensor on the water supply return pipe, and configuring air conditioning billing and settlement instruments at each metering point; The settlement instrument collects the flow and temperature difference data of each household in real time and makes settlement, and calculates and displays the cost according to the comprehensively calculated unit price of air conditioning energy consumption.

The equipment at each air-conditioning metering point is collectively called "HOOLOE air-conditioning billing instrument", and the working schematic diagram of the equipment. Each set of "air conditioning billing instruments" includes: 1 settlement display instrument, 1 flowmeter ("pipeline electromagnetic flowmeter" is selected in this scheme) and 1 PT 1000 high-precision temperature sensor.

The AC220V special power supply is used for the air-conditioning meter, the power line is RVV3× 1.0, and RS485 bus is used for networking communication. The communication line is rvsp 2× 1.0, and the connection between flowmeter, temperature sensor and settlement indicator is RVVP4×0.5. All wires shall be laid together with the pipeline.

Timing measurement of central air conditioning terminal The terminal of central air conditioning system refers to fan coil, its timing measurement and networking management, which is abbreviated as "HOOLOE networking timing energy-saving thermostat" and is mainly used for fan coil thermostats in offices, elevator halls, management rooms, conference rooms and other areas. The timer thermostat can realize all local operations (on and off, wind speed setting, mode switching, temperature setting and room temperature display) of the traditional three-speed mechanical (electronic) thermostat, and can also display the actual service time of each fan coil locally. In the energy management center, you can remotely monitor the operation index and actual use time of the coil, remotely (point control, group control) the fan coil (opening and closing, wind speed setting, mode switching, temperature setting) and self-control and arrears. The equipment is installed in the 86-type electrical embedded bottom box, and the wiring mode is the same as that of the traditional three-speed mechanical (electronic) thermostat. According to the different valve control circuits, 5-wire system or 7-wire system can be selected, and the timing thermostat is powered by the 220V power supply of the fan coil unit. Because there are a large number of thermostats in the system, the "data concentrator" for timing thermostats is managed in groups on the floor.

Smart meters used for energy metering use "HOOLOE data collector" to collect data. The upstream and downstream communication lines of the collector adopt RVSP2× 1.0mm conductor; The collector is installed in the weak current room, and the data collector is powered by a special 220V power supply. The power cord is RV3× 1.0mm wire, and all wires need to be laid by pipes.

The cold water meters at each water metering point are equipped with network direct reading water meters, the main metering parameter is "water consumption", and the water meters adopt M-bus communication interface, marked communication protocol and photoelectric direct reading water meters with baud rate less than or equal to 9600bps. Meter reading with meters has the characteristic that the error between the system meter reading number and the dial display number is "0". The water meter is installed on the pipeline of the water point, and the "HOOLOE data collector" is installed in the weak current well on the floor. The data collector is powered by 220V uninterruptible power supply.

System network structure: the metering system of this project adopts RS485 bus system for networking communication, and 1 system communication bus is connected from the management host to each management partition; The whole system fully considers the possibility of future system expansion and reserves the corresponding system capacity; The system management host is set in the monitoring center on the first floor and adopts an independent management host. The host opens the communication interface integrated by third-party systems such as BA, and uses a completely open database for BA system to call.

The main equipment of the metering system adopts 220V uninterruptible power supply to ensure the stability of the whole system. The system adopts multilevel authority management and encryption processing to ensure the security of the system and data. 4. The system has a variety of flexible management modes: according to different customer groups and different needs, the system can provide a variety of measurement and evaluation management modes.

Flexible and changeable management mode, that is, changeable configuration management mode: when the end user or user group changes, the measurement and assessment mode of the original user can be changed through software reorganization without changing the hardware equipment. Rich user interface: There are many ways to query and display the energy consumption of various users (history, current and changing trends) at any time. Put forward suggestions on energy consumption of users.

Basis for optimal energy allocation: The system can timely summarize energy consumption data according to energy consumption, and provide real-time decision-making basis for energy supply distribution and related equipment put into operation (such as the number and capacity of equipment put into operation, etc.). ), so as to make the equipment run in the most economical working condition, and achieve the effect of saving energy and prolonging the service life of the equipment.

Auxiliary system fault analysis: By comparing the energy consumption values of related nodes, it is helpful to judge the system equipment fault and whether there is congestion, and to prevent problems before they occur, thus improving the operation safety and management level of the system.

Online monitoring and management: it can automatically control and manage the current working status of all metering points in real time; Stable working performance: all input signals and output signals adopt photoelectric isolation, data power-off protection, redundant error handling, program self-recovery and so on.

Data transmission is stable and accurate: the signal transmission adopts high-voltage lightning protection chip and photoelectric isolation technology, and it has long-term stable operation experience of RS485 network with bus length exceeding 10 km, which ensures the reliable collection of real-time data.

System security: The system adopts a series of security measures, such as access control, user login, real-time virus database upgrade, firewall and other measures to ensure data security. Automatic local and remote backup of important data.

Independent intellectual property rights: the core equipment of this system is designed, developed and produced by itself, with independent intellectual property rights, and the system is convenient to modify and upgrade, and there is no intellectual property dispute.

The system configuration is simple and universal: few network devices, simple system structure, powerful functions and reasonable configuration. The hardware of the system adopts unified configuration, which has strong universality, few types of equipment and few spare parts. The system can be maintained remotely, with few operation and maintenance managers and low maintenance cost.