Standard Training of "Bridge Prospect Map" in Lesson 18 of Chinese Volume II of Grade 7 in Chinese Version

1. Explain the meaning of the following words in the text.

(1) Vision () (2) Potential ()

(3) Small and exquisite () (4) Looking at the ocean and sighing ()

Analysis: The purpose of this question is to examine the degree of mastery of words, and pay attention to the combination of context to explain.

Reference answer: (1) Future development scenario.

(2) There are hidden abilities that have not been discovered.

(3) Small size and exquisite style.

(4) sigh helplessly about the helplessness of the ocean.

2. The correct idiom used in the following sentence is ()

A. this composition is unfocused, rambling, empty in content and poor in language, which makes people disagree.

B. Looking from a height, on the endless green prairie, several white oil well houses are dotted all over the place, which is really beautiful.

C. When he returned to his hometown to see his relatives, he finally burst into tears after years of wandering outside.

D. The West Lake is pink and green with charming spring scenery, and foreign tourists come to enjoy the beautiful lakes and mountains in an endless stream.

Analysis: To answer this question, it is important to have a clear understanding of idioms, truly understand the meaning and know how to use them.

Answer: d

3. What explanation method does the author use to explain the three elements of the bridge? Please analyze it in detail.

Analysis: Combine the content of the text, clarify the explanation method, and then make a concrete analysis.

Reference answer: explain the structure of the bridge by comparison and bench analogy; The three elements of bridge, pier and foundation are also explained by classification method.

Tell me what will happen to this bridge in the future.

Analysis: The key to solving this problem is to exert association and imagination.

Reference answer: There will be flexible bridges, small and light bridges and bridges without Liang Fei.

I integrate my development.

First, reading comprehension

(1) Read the following text and complete questions 5-9.

The bridge of the future must be built very low. Now the cost of building a bridge is often not the length of the bridge, but the height of the bridge. (1) As soon as the bridge is high, the roads on both sides of the bridge will be high, and the bridge will be built on the high road. Under this bridge, land is not water, so it is called "approach bridge", and the project of approach bridge is often larger than that of "main bridge" on water. (b) At present, there is a movable bridge with a very low deck. Usually, you drive. When the boat crosses the bridge, you will open a bridge opening, and when the boat passes, you will close it. However, due to the slow opening and closing of bridge opening, it is not convenient for cars to cross the ship, so this kind of bridge is cheap, but it is rarely used. (c) Bridges in the future will be very different. The bridge holes can be made of extremely light materials, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the machine for opening the bridge holes is much more flexible than now, so the time for opening the bridge and Guan Qiao can be greatly shortened. Moreover, there are automatic remote control devices on the bridge. When a boat crosses the bridge, it will automatically open the bridge opening and send a signal to the vehicles on both sides of the road in advance to let them know that there is a boat passing under the bridge. As soon as the ship passes, bridge opening will automatically close, allowing vehicles to cross the river quickly, and will not hinder land and water traffic. (4)

5. The sentence "Because the boat is going to get off the bridge, the water is higher, the boat is higher and the bridge is higher" is extracted from the original text and should be restored to ().

Antidepressants.

6. Talk about the expressive function of the added words in the following sentences.

(1) At present, the cost of building a bridge is often not the length of the bridge but the height of the bridge.

(2) Bridges in the future will be very different.

7. At the end of the paragraph, what two aspects do not hinder?

8. If you want to make the future bridge very low, you must meet three preconditions. Please summarize.

( 1)___________________________________________________________

(2)___________________________________________________________

(3)____________________________________________________________

9. The central sentence of this paragraph is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

5. Analysis: Contact the context and answer in combination with the context.

A: A.

6. Analysis: This question examines the understanding and application of the accuracy of explanatory language.

Reference answer: (1) "Often" refers to the general situation, not the absolute situation.

(2) "Da" is an adverb, indicating a great degree of difference, with emphasis.

7. Analysis: It is not difficult to see the contact context, which refers to both water transport and land transport.

Reference answer: water traffic and land traffic.

8. Analysis: Read the selected article carefully, grasp the main information and summarize the answers.

Reference answer: (1) bridge opening uses extremely light materials.

(2) Driving bridge opening machines is much more flexible than it is now.

(3) The bridge is equipped with automatic remote control equipment.

9. analysis: the central sentence is a sentence that summarizes the whole paragraph, which usually appears at the beginning or end of the paragraph.

Reference answer: The future bridge must be built very low.

(2) Read the following text and complete the question 10- 15.

The Pearl of the Desert is getting darker and darker.

Crescent Moon Spring and Mogao Grottoes are also known as the two wonders of Dunhuang, and are known as "the pearl of the desert". However, due to drought and human factors, the water level of Crescent Spring is declining, and this "pearl" is getting darker and darker, even in danger of disappearing.

② The measured hydrological data provided by Yueya Spring Management Office of Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang City show that the water area of 1960 Yueya Spring is 22.3 mu, with the maximum water depth of 7.5 meters; 1986 water area 13.3 mu, with a maximum water depth of 4.2 meters. At present, the water area is only 9 mu, and the maximum water depth is only about 1 m.

MQ Zhang, a professor at the School of Resources and Environment of Lanzhou University, said at the International Symposium on Drought Climate Change and Sustainable Development held here on the 23rd that Crescent Moon Spring is a natural outcrop of groundwater in Dunhuang area and a part of the whole groundwater system, which is replenished by regional groundwater. However, due to human activities and other reasons, the groundwater level in Dunhuang has been declining, and the water level in Crescent Spring is also declining.

(4) Dunhuang, located in the northwest of China, used to rely on the upstream water from Shule River and Danghe River to replenish groundwater for a long time. Since 1950s, with the construction of upstream reservoirs, these rivers have been cut off one after another, and the groundwater in Dunhuang has lost its recharge source. With the development of economy, the water demand in Dunhuang is increasing. At present, the city draws more than 40 million cubic meters of groundwater every year, which leads to serious over-exploitation of groundwater.

⑤ In order to keep the crescent spring, more than 5 million cubic meters of river water need to be recharged every year. Nevertheless, according to the measurement, the surface water level is still decreasing at a rate of about 15 cm per year. ____________

Experts believe that in the long run, strictly controlling groundwater exploitation and raising the groundwater level in Dunhuang is the fundamental way to solve the decline of the water level in Crescent Spring. At the same time, relevant departments should also consider inter-basin water transfer to further alleviate the water shortage problem in Dunhuang.

⑦ Crescent Spring is located about 5 kilometers south of Dunhuang, surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, and the quicksand is only tens of meters away from the spring.

Located in the desert of Central Asia, the average annual precipitation is about 40 mm, but the evaporation is as high as 2480 mm. In this extremely dry and intense evaporation climate, Crescent Spring can last for thousands of years, which adds to her magic.

10. Summarize the key information given in this article in one sentence.

1 1. What are the main aspects of the "human factor" mentioned in the first paragraph?

12. According to your feelings, talk about the expressive function of the second paragraph.

13. If you please add a sentence at the end of the fifth paragraph and add the underlined sentence in the second paragraph, you will write: _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14. The data listed in this paper pay attention to the discretion of language and are full of changes. Please find four examples in paragraph 7.

15. Crescent Spring is in the desert and will not dry up for thousands of years. Please explain the reasons according to the content of this article.

10. Analysis: This question examines the generalization ability of the selected text, carefully reads the selected text, and extracts the main information.

Reference answer: The "Pearl of the Desert" Crescent Spring is in danger of drying up. (or "Crescent Moon Spring is in danger of disappearing" or similar expressions. )

1 1. Analysis: Understand the meaning of "human factors" and answer questions in context.

Reference answer: First, the construction of reservoirs in the upper reaches leads to the continuous interruption of rivers, which makes the groundwater in Dunhuang lose its recharge source; Second, with the development of economy, the groundwater in Dunhuang is seriously over-exploited.

12. analysis: this question aims to examine the overall understanding of the content of the selected text and pay attention to the analysis of the context.

Reference answer: the expression function of this paragraph is to use data to show that the area of crescent spring is shrinking and the water level is falling. (or other general and accurate expressions. )

13. analysis: according to the meaning of the text, contact the context and make up the writing.

For example, if we continue to decline at this rate, Crescent Moon Spring may dry up completely within 10 years. A similar expression is also possible. )

14. analysis: find out the numbers used in this paragraph, and pay attention to the changes in the restrictive components of the number modification.

Answer: about 5 kilometers, tens of meters, about 40 mm, and more than 2480 mm, these factors all reflect the measure and change of language.

15. analysis: this question aims to examine the understanding and grasp of the content of the selected text. Find out the reason why Crescent Moon Spring has not dried up in the desert for thousands of years.

Reference answer: Crescent Spring is a natural outcrop of groundwater in Dunhuang area and a part of the whole groundwater system. It will not dry up because of the recharge of regional groundwater. A similar expression is also possible. )

Second, language use.

14.(20 10 Nanjing Senior High School Entrance Examination) Carefully observe the cartoon "Three Generations of Fair" and write your own inquiry results.

Query result: (1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2)____________________________________________________

(3)____________________________________________________

Analysis: This kind of chart questions are based on cartoons, and pay attention to examination, analysis, understanding and language expression. Because comics provide rich information and different thinking angles, it sets obstacles for accurately grasping the connotation of comics. When answering such questions, we should try our best to dig out the information provided by the pictures, and then combine the suggestive words, carefully ponder and try our best to sum up the sentences that best meet the theme of the pictures.

Examples of answers: (1) The times are progressing and people's living standards are constantly improving; (2) The times are advancing and people's lifestyles are constantly changing; (3) Farmers' concept of life is increasingly updated; (4) The development of science and technology has brought great convenience to people's lives.