Study on bidding mode of rural domestic sewage treatment project?

The existing regulations and policy documents do not put forward clear technical standards for rural domestic sewage treatment, and even the sewage discharge standards are not specified. Rural domestic sewage treatment projects lack systematic quality inspection, acceptance, operation and maintenance system, technical team and professional management institutions, which are generally maintained and managed by villagers themselves, resulting in a low level of operation and maintenance management of some completed facilities, and some facilities are even in a "zero management" state. Reasonable bidding planning can effectively solve a series of problems in the design, construction and operation of rural domestic sewage treatment projects.

1, problems existing in project bidding

1. 1, there is no unified bidding standard, and the supervision bidding link is missing.

China's rural domestic sewage treatment work has just started, and the bidding for rural domestic sewage treatment projects is still in the exploratory stage. However, the existing laws, regulations and normative documents have not put forward clear technical and sewage discharge standards for rural domestic sewage treatment. This directly leads to the tenderer's lack of evidence in relevant aspects. Some places simply refer to the construction mode of urban sewage plants for bidding. Supervision bidding, a rural domestic sewage treatment project, is rarely seen in bidding planning. This disorder has greatly affected the development of bidding practice of rural domestic sewage treatment projects.

1.2. Pay more attention to the bidding of construction projects and despise the bidding of operation management.

Rural domestic sewage treatment project, the early construction is the foundation, and the late management is the key. As the saying goes, "three points are under construction and seven points are under management". However, most rural areas in China are generally confused about how to manage, operate and maintain the newly-built sewage treatment facilities. This is the direct result of the traditional concept of light transformation. Some local governments do not regard bidding for operation management as an important link to ensure the "long-term use" and "long-term effect" of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, and even do not arrange special funds to purchase services from third parties. This will inevitably lead to a vacuum in the subsequent operation and management, so that the previous work will be wasted, and facilities in many places will be paralyzed after two or three years.

1.3, emphasizing the bidding of construction projects and ignoring the bidding of planning and design.

Rural domestic sewage treatment project is a systematic project, and planning and design is the top priority of this systematic project. Some local governments often go beyond the basics. When carrying out rural domestic sewage treatment projects, they did not comprehensively consider the natural conditions, village distribution and current situation of resources and environment in various regions, or even made overall plans for rural domestic sewage treatment at the county level. If the rural domestic sewage treatment plan can be formulated according to local conditions, and then the bidding can be carried out according to the plan, the problem of the disconnection between urban and rural planning can be well solved, and the rural domestic sewage treatment project can become a truly practical popular project.

1.4, more decentralized bidding and less centralized procurement.

The bidding scale of rural domestic sewage treatment project is small, the construction sites are scattered, the technology and standards are inconsistent, and the financial support system is inconsistent. The civil construction mode is widely used in the whole country, and some places even organize construction in villages. Therefore, when choosing the bidding method, we often adopt the mode of "maximizing and minimizing" and organize the bidding in a decentralized way, without rising to the level of government procurement, so centralized procurement is rarely implemented.

1.5, multi-head management, unclear responsibilities

At present, the departments participating in the bidding of rural domestic sewage treatment projects all over the country include agricultural office, environmental protection, water affairs, urban management and construction. , multi-head management, unclear responsibilities. Rural domestic sewage treatment projects and other livelihood projects, the state does not have a unified centralized management department. This directly leads to the lack of systematic management procedures in engineering planning and design, construction, equipment and operation.

2. Case study on project bidding mode ―― Taking Zhejiang Province as an example.

2. 1, Ningbo World Bank loan model

2. 1. 1, project overview

20 10 In July, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province signed an agreement with the World Bank to implement the rural domestic sewage treatment project, a sub-project of the new rural development project, with a loan of 20 million US dollars from the World Bank and 20 million US dollars from the city, county (city) and district government. It is planned that by the end of 20 15, the domestic sewage treatment project of about 150 villages will be completed.

2. 1.2, mode characteristics

(1) Establish an independent legal person with unified organization and management. In view of the actual situation of multi-head management, scattered funds, overlapping responsibilities and mutual shirking, Ningbo Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Project Office was specially established to implement unified planning, unified design, unified procurement and unified management for the project. The biggest innovation of this firm lies in its independent legal personality. Set up a sub-project office in the county (city) involved in the project, focusing on scheme implementation, design organization, construction management, operation and maintenance.

② Pay attention to planning and design to ensure the quality of the project. The World Bank has issued a feasibility study report and cost calculation list for each project, and implemented an operation and maintenance plan. The design unit shall conduct preliminary survey synchronously in the stage of topographic surveying and mapping, and preliminarily determine the pipeline network trend, processing technology and processing terminal position; After the design scheme has passed the review, we will prepare for the construction and confirm the material stacking site; Once the construction unit is confirmed to enter the site immediately, the preparation before construction ensures the real landing of the design scheme. The design requires a service life of more than 20 years, the design scheme is scientific and reasonable, conforms to the rural reality, and requires strict design review.

③ Pay attention to long-term management to ensure the best benefit of the project. After the completion and acceptance of the World Bank loan rural domestic sewage treatment project, the project contractor still needs to maintain and operate for 18 months, and be responsible for the technical training of relevant operators, and the expenses incurred are included in the total contract price of the project. Then, according to the progress and distribution of the project, the market-oriented management mechanism is introduced, and the county (city) subproject office adopts the form of public bidding to select the best professional environmental protection company to be responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the village domestic sewage treatment facilities to ensure the best benefit of the project.

2.2. Deqing County's third-party model

2.2. 1 project overview

Deqing County, Zhejiang Province carried out rural sewage treatment in the county 15 1 administrative village, and selected suppliers to provide equipment in a unified way through public bidding to undertake the operation of sewage facilities in the county. This unified packaging and entrusting a third-party professional company is the first case in Zhejiang.

2.2.2 Pattern characteristics

① Five in one, long-term operation. Deqing county has established a five-in-one long-term operation and maintenance mode of rural domestic sewage treatment, which strengthens the normal operation and long-term management of existing facilities and realizes the standardization and specialization of long-term operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment. The five-in-one long-term management model, "including ordinary people and third parties as the main body of responsibility" and having a professional team to solve technical problems, is also an innovation and attempt in the province. " ①

(2) Unified standards and efficient promotion. Deqing county terminal processing facilities adopt integrated processing equipment. Traditionally, wharf facilities are built by civil works scattered all over the country. Because of self-construction, the quality is uneven, there are many hidden projects, small single-point investment and many stations, which makes it difficult to effectively supervise, affect the quality and delay the construction period. Deqing unified use of integrated terminal equipment, standardized production by the factory to ensure quality and ensure the smooth implementation of the project as planned. The investment is basically the same as that of pure civil engineering.

Third-party governance, taking the lead in demonstrating. The operation and maintenance of terminal facilities is managed by a third party entrusted by Deqing County by using the Internet of Things platform. After the site is built, the traditional practice is to leave the maintenance of the site to local villagers for part-time management. Due to the inability to evaluate it effectively, as well as the reasons of responsibility and professionalism, it is poorly managed. After entrusting a third party to carry out property management, county management departments at all levels can effectively assess and supervise it through the Internet of Things information supervision platform, reduce management costs, and create a new mode of rural sewage mobile Internet of Things management.

3. Countermeasures and suggestions for innovation of project bidding mode.

3. 1, improve laws and regulations, and strictly regulate procurement behavior.

It is necessary to further establish and improve the bidding standard system. Under the unified guidance of the national rural environmental protection policy, local governments should learn from the experience of countries with relatively sound legal systems such as the United States and Japan, and actively explore and formulate national bidding management measures for rural domestic sewage treatment projects. It is suggested that public bidding should be the preferred procurement method for rural domestic sewage treatment projects. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly disclose the information in the bidding process and make it open and transparent. It is necessary to establish a restraint mechanism of division of labor, cooperation and mutual checks and balances, and invite discipline inspection and supervision departments to participate in major procurement projects for on-site supervision. Staff involved in procurement should strengthen the concept of purchasing according to law and strictly abide by the provisions of government procurement. Integrate supervision bidding and operation management bidding into the bidding process of rural domestic sewage treatment projects, and ensure the integrity of bidding work from the aspects of system and fund guarantee. The discharge and technical standards of rural domestic sewage treatment should be clarified through legislative procedures as soon as possible to provide credible policy basis for bidding. Improve and standardize the bidding procedures through laws and regulations, clarify the subject of supervision, responsibility, implementation and assessment, and establish a long-term management mechanism for rural domestic sewage treatment projects.

3.2, the introduction of international project bidding concept, improve the quality of bidding work.

The advanced management experience of rural domestic sewage treatment projects in the world provides us with valuable experience. For example, Ningbo World Bank loan rural domestic sewage treatment model, from project selection-preparation-evaluation-negotiation-approval, from project implementation to supervision, and then to post-evaluation of the project, has a very thorough workflow. Let us see the vitality of the international project bidding model.

Inspired by the Ningbo model, from 2065438 to August 2004, the Foreign Investment Office of the Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province confirmed that the World Bank loan negotiation for the rural domestic sewage treatment project in Zhejiang Province was successful. The total investment of the project is 2.46 billion yuan, including 200 million US dollars (about 65.438+0.23 billion yuan) from the World Bank, which is mainly used for rural domestic sewage treatment systems in 578 administrative villages in four counties (cities) including Anji County, Fuyang City, Tiantai County and Longquan City in Zhejiang Province, benefiting 220,200 households. ②

3.3, unified bidding mode, improve the bidding efficiency.

Ningbo World Bank loan model was adopted to treat rural domestic sewage, and an independent legal person was established to unify the bidding organization and management. This unified bidding model is an innovation of the guiding ideology of rural domestic sewage treatment projects. Although it can't be like the Ningbo model, every local government has set up a corresponding independent legal person to organize bidding management in a unified way. But at least we can give full play to the role of centralized government procurement agencies. Through the use of * * * with financial funds, the establishment of centralized government procurement directory, the implementation of centralized procurement of rural domestic sewage treatment projects, give full play to the position and role of centralized government procurement institutions. It can be predicted that centralized procurement and unified bidding will become the mainstream practice of implementing rural domestic sewage treatment projects in the next few years.

3.4. Give full play to the advantages of the "third party" and fully enjoy the policy "dividend".

If the government is responsible for managing a large number of rural domestic sewage treatment projects, the cost is too high and the effect is relatively small. A better way is to entrust it to a third-party specialized company through bidding. Deqing County, Zhejiang Province has made a bold attempt in this regard. Judging from foreign experience, Japan's practice is also worth learning. In Japan, the third-party service company is responsible for daily maintenance and cleaning, and the third-party service company is responsible for regular inspection and complement each other. ③ The evaluation of daily maintenance work is more objective. Local governments at all levels should organize professional training and entrust social organizations to evaluate and rate the service capabilities of third-party professionals and service companies. As far as national policy orientation is concerned, since the 18th National Congress, third-party services in the field of environmental governance have been promoted to the level of national consciousness. 2065438+2005 1 The General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Third Party Governance of Environmental Pollution. On April 20 15, the State Council's Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan (commonly known as Water Ten Articles) launched a trillion pollution control market. Deqing County, Zhejiang Province and Sichuan Province in the western region, especially Chengdu and Nanchong City, have launched the third-party entrusted management package bidding for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities in recent two years, which has achieved good economic, social and political effects and is worth learning and popularizing.

4. Concluding remarks

Bidding for rural domestic sewage treatment project is a systematic project and a new practical topic. We must follow our own characteristics and laws, study and analyze domestic advanced practices, learn from foreign advanced experience, and boldly innovate our working ideas and working modes in view of its universality. The practice of Ningbo City and Deqing County in Zhejiang Province provides valuable experience for us to build a national practice.

We should rely on innovative measures such as perfecting laws and regulations, drawing lessons from international project bidding experience, promoting unified government procurement, giving play to the advantages of third-party services, etc. to promote the bidding work of rural domestic sewage treatment projects, so that rural domestic sewage treatment projects can be both "commonly used" and "long-term" and truly serve the national ecological civilization construction.

Precautions:

① The clear water life of villager Yu, published in Hangzhou Daily (2065438+September 29th, 2004).

② Cheng Yonggao: "65.438+0.2 billion World Bank loans to help 220,000 Zhejiang farmers treat domestic sewage", published on Zhejiang Online, August 14.

③ Li Yuyou: Present situation of domestic sewage treatment in rural areas at home and abroad, science and technology and enterprises,No. 10, No.20 12,No. 162.

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