What are the parts of building equipment automation in intelligent building?

In intelligent buildings, building equipment automation system is the main body of various functions and sustainable development of intelligent buildings. According to the current technical level and most intelligent buildings that have been operated, the building equipment automation system mainly includes power supply and distribution automation system, lighting automation system, water supply and drainage automation system, HVAC automation system and traffic automation system.

1. Power supply and distribution automation system

The power supply and distribution system is the most important energy supply system in the building. Its function is to convert and distribute the electric energy provided by the urban power grid and provide electric energy for various electrical equipment in the building. In order to ensure intelligent buildings

The normal operation of electrical equipment must ensure the reliability of power supply. Power supply management and energy-saving operation of equipment cannot be separated from the monitoring and management of power supply and distribution equipment. Therefore, the power supply and distribution automation system is a building equipment automation system.

As one of the most basic monitoring objects, the system is of great significance to ensure the quality and reliability of building power supply, regional energy metering and power factor compensation.

In buildings, there are two main forms of power supply and distribution automation systems: for small and medium-sized power supply and distribution automation systems, building equipment automation systems can directly use general DDC/PLC and various transmitters to supply power.

Power distribution system monitoring, the detection signal is directly transmitted to the building equipment automation system; For some large-scale building power supply and distribution systems, users often need special energy monitoring and management systems for monitoring and management.

Class systems are often self-contained, with their own communication networks and monitoring and management workstations, and exchange data with the whole building equipment automation system through communication interfaces.

At present, the power supply and distribution automation system in civil buildings is mainly based on monitoring, and various control, protection and linkage functions are generally realized in various switchgear, transformers and distribution boxes or manually controlled on the spot. System monitoring includes high voltage side monitoring, low voltage side monitoring, transformer monitoring, emergency generator and DC operating power supply monitoring.

2. Lighting automation system

The lighting system provides users with a good and comfortable light environment. The so-called "light environment control" refers to controlling the light of the environment according to different time and use, so as to meet the different needs of work, entertainment and rest, produce different visual effects, and improve work efficiency and life comfort by improving the light environment.

In modern buildings, the electricity consumption of lighting accounts for a large part of the total electricity consumption of buildings, second only to HVAC systems, and the large electricity consumption of lighting systems will also lead to an increase in air conditioning load. How to ensure lighting quality and

Energy saving is an important content of lighting automation system. In multi-functional buildings, different areas have different requirements for lighting, and lighting facilities should be controlled differently according to the nature and characteristics of use.

Using the lighting automation system to reasonably arrange the lighting mode and lighting time in each area can not only meet the needs of normal life and work, but also facilitate the property management process; But also plays an energy-saving role, and at the same time, different circuits are alternately used as ever-burning lamps, so that the service life of lighting facilities in the same area is basically the same, the aging of light bulbs is delayed, and the service life of light bulbs is prolonged.

The monitoring of lighting system includes lighting distribution boxes and emergency lighting distribution boxes on all floors of the building. Lighting monitoring system can be divided into corridor, stair lighting monitoring, office lighting monitoring, obstacle lighting, building facade lighting monitoring, emergency start-stop control of emergency lighting and status display.

3. Water supply and drainage automation system

The water supply and drainage system includes domestic water supply system, fire water supply system and sewage discharge system, which is mainly composed of water pump, water tank, pool, pipes and valves. Monitoring water supply and drainage system is an important and necessary technical measure to improve scientific management level, reduce labor intensity, ensure people's water quality and save energy.

The monitoring of water supply and drainage equipment is mainly to monitor all kinds of water levels, the operation status of various pumps and the pressure of pipe network in real time through computers, and control the operation mode, the number of pumps and the action of cap valves according to certain requirements, so as to achieve

Realize the balance of water demand and water supply, timely discharge of sewage, realize the optimal control of high efficiency and low consumption of pumps, and achieve the purpose of economic operation; And centralized management of drainage system equipment to ensure the reliable operation of the system.

All right.

The working principles of domestic water supply and fire water supply are basically the same, and the monitoring contents mainly include: reservoir (or water tank) liquid level control, feed water pump monitoring, water supply main (or water supply pipe) parameter monitoring; The drainage system mainly discharges sewage when the liquid level of the collecting well or sewage pool reaches a certain height. The main monitoring contents include: liquid level monitoring of collecting wells or sewage pools, submersible pump monitoring, etc.

4. HVAC automation system

HVAC system accounts for the largest proportion of building energy consumption, so the main task of HVAC automation system is to save energy under the condition of ensuring comfortable environment. Only in this way can intelligent buildings be truly comfortable and energy-saving.

The effect is that HVAC systems in different areas can automatically control the start and stop of cold and heat sources and ventilation and air conditioning equipment in buildings according to pre-programmed programs or environmental temperatures; Monitor, dynamically display and record the status of each indoor and outdoor equipment.

Temperature, humidity, pressure, flow rate, CO2 content, air negative ion content, valve opening, running time and other parameters; Automatic fault alarm or shutdown, dynamic display of water pump, valve and fan.

Location and status, etc.

Cold and heat sources are important building equipment. The cold source of the system can be a water cooler,

Heat pump, etc. , mainly for building air conditioning system to provide cooling capacity; The heat source of the system can be a boiler or a heat pump unit, which not only provides hot water for building air conditioning system, but also includes domestic hot water system. Functions of monitoring system for cold and heat source units

There are two main ways: one is to optimize operation and realize energy saving, such as optimizing the operation configuration of cold and heat sources, resetting the supply and return water temperature, optimizing the operation control of chilled water system, optimizing the operation control of cooling water system and cooling tower, etc.

The second is to monitor key operating parameters in real time to protect the safe operation of cold and heat source units, such as cooling water cut-off protection, freezing water antifreeze protection, start-stop sequence protection and so on.

Air conditioning and ventilation equipment, including air conditioning equipment and air supply and exhaust equipment, is the part with the most complicated control law, the most monitoring points and the most obvious energy-saving effect in the building. The adjustment of air conditioning and ventilation equipment mainly includes: adjusting water quantity

The openings of valves and air valves keep the parameters of each room in the system stable; Detection of indoor and outdoor parameters and parameters behind processing equipment (digital display and print records); Measurement and recording of electricity, water and steam consumption and other parameters; worker

Conditional automatic conversion; Interlocking and automatic protection of equipment; Central monitoring and management, etc.

5. Transportation automation system

Elevator is an indispensable means of transportation in modern buildings, which can be divided into helicopter elevator and escalator (including horizontal elevator). The requirements for the elevator system are: safe and reliable, stable starting and braking, comfortable feeling, accurate leveling and waiting for the elevator.

Short ladder climbing time, energy saving. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the elevator operation. But because of the particularity of elevators, each elevator has its own control box. Therefore, the building automation system mainly realizes the control of the elevator running state.

Monitoring of related situations, only under special circumstances, such as cattle fire, security and other emergencies, control the elevator when necessary.

According to the building design code, large buildings and residential quarters must set up car parking lots to meet the needs of vehicle traffic, ensure vehicle safety and facilitate public use. In recent years, with the rapid increase of car ownership, no

It is only necessary to build more parking lots in public places and residential quarters, and it is also necessary to manage parking lots efficiently to maximize their effectiveness. Generally speaking, the parking lot management system includes vehicle access detection and control.

Parking space status display and management, time charge management and other three parts. After adopting the parking lot management system, the quality, benefit and safety of parking lot management can be significantly improved.