Discussion on the key points of compiling water and soil conservation scheme of reservoir engineering?

What are the key points of compiling water and soil conservation scheme for reservoir engineering? The following is a detailed introduction of Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

Introduction to reservoir engineering.

1. 1 reservoir profile

This paper takes the newly-built Shixiazi Reservoir in Dazhou as an example. The reservoir is located on Dayan River, a secondary tributary of Bahe River, west of Tieshan, Dachuan District. It is a medium-sized water conservancy project that comprehensively utilizes farmland irrigation, township water supply and rural drinking water. The dam site is located in Huangjiawu, Huangjin Village, Dayan Township, with the geographical location of east longitude10622' 21"and north latitude 3115' 57", which is about 38.0km away from Dachuan City. The recommended dam site of the reservoir controls the area of Dayan River basin, with a length of 65438. The normal water level of Shixiazi Reservoir is 4 1 1.00m, the corresponding storage capacity is 20.2 million m3, the dead water level is 385.00m, the dead storage capacity is 2.45 million m3, the check water level is 4 13.55m, and the total storage capacity is 23.33 million m3. The designed irrigation area of the reservoir is 68,800 mu. Water supply through Shixiazi Reservoir and local small water conservancy facilities can solve the drinking water insecurity problem of 6 1.7 million people in 56 villages in 9 townships (towns) such as Guancun, Dayan, Zhaogu, Jintan, Dushi, Silkworm, Chenjia, Jiuling and Longhui.

The project covers an area of 25 1.6hm2 (including reservoir hub project 163.60hm2 and irrigation canal system project 88.0hm2). Total static investment/civil engineering investment: 626 million yuan/299 million yuan. Construction period: The total construction period of the reservoir hub project is 29 months, and that of the irrigation area project is 28 months.

1.2 Present situation of soil erosion in the project area

According to the statistics of remote sensing data of soil and water loss distribution map in Dachuan District of Dazhou City, the existing area of mild soil and water loss in Dachuan District is 1029.20km2, accounting for 38.2% of the total area of 2695km2. The annual average total soil erosion in the loss area is 680.57× 104t, and the average erosion modulus is 4208t/km2? A, the loss type is mainly surface erosion. According to the division of soil and water conservation prevention and control in Daxian County, this project is located in the key prevention and control area of soil and water conservation in Sichuan Province, and the allowable soil erosion in this area is 500t/km2? Answer: There are two main types of soil erosion in the project area: hydraulic erosion and gravity erosion, of which hydraulic erosion is the main one, supplemented by gravity erosion.

1.3 prevention and control scheme of soil erosion

China has special laws and regulations to control soil erosion. At present, it is mainly based on Technical Specification for Soil and Water Conservation of Development and Construction Projects (GB50433-2008) and Standard for Prevention and Control of Soil and Water Loss of Development and Construction Projects (GB50434-2008). According to this regulation, there are two areas of responsibility for soil erosion prevention and control in China, one is the engineering construction area and the other is the directly affected area. For the reservoir, the project construction area mainly refers to the permanent land acquisition scope and temporary land occupation scope of the reservoir construction, while the directly affected area is a part outside the reservoir construction area, and the judgment standard of this part is whether the reservoir construction causes soil erosion. According to the overall characteristics of the reservoir, the responsibility scope of soil erosion is determined to be 310.60hm2.. [2] In view of the fact that the phenomenon of water and soil erosion in this reservoir is caused by many reasons, combined with the characteristics of water and soil erosion, the adopted water and soil control scheme mainly includes comprehensive control measures combining engineering measures, plant measures and temporary protection measures. Thus, a set of scientific prevention and control mechanisms and control measures are formed, soil and water are preserved, and the purpose of improving the surrounding environment of the reservoir is achieved.

According to the comprehensive analysis of the new soil erosion prediction results and the existing soil and water conservation function engineering measures of the main project, the soil and water conservation prevention and control measures system of this project consists of two parts (reservoir hub project and irrigation district canal system project). According to the characteristics and soil erosion situation of each soil erosion prevention and control area, the prevention focus and measure configuration of each area are determined. Soil and water conservation measures include engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures. Control the large-area and high-intensity loss area by engineering measures, and create conditions for the implementation of plant measures; At the same time, the combination of plant measures and engineering measures can improve the effect of soil and water conservation, reduce engineering investment and improve the ecological environment. According to the situation of soil erosion caused by construction activities, the prevention and control area will also adopt a combination of temporary measures and permanent measures to prevent new soil erosion caused by engineering construction in the whole process.

2. Specific measures for water and soil conservation scheme of reservoir engineering

2. 1 Layout of soil and water conservation measures for reservoir hub project

(1) permanent works

The permanent project of Shixiazi Reservoir in Daxian County includes two parts: the hub building area and the reservoir submerged area. The arrangement of soil and water conservation measures is as follows:

① Hub building area

Hub building area: This plan not only completes the existing engineering measures and plant measures with soil and water conservation function in the main design, but also adds temporary retaining soil for slope excavation and backfilling, protection of exposed surface during excavation, construction of temporary intercepting drainage ditch, and protection of soil and water loss during construction diversion cofferdam filling. Support and greening of newly excavated and backfilled slopes, preventive measures for demolition of construction diversion cofferdam and cleaning of construction site.

Project management area: according to the main design requirements, build drainage facilities in the project management area, level the site, cover the soil, plant trees and plant turf for greening.

Permanent road area: temporary retaining measures during construction, temporary supporting measures for slope excavation and construction of temporary drainage facilities are added; According to the main design requirements, shoulder drainage ditch, excavation slope protection and greening, embankment toe enclosure and slope planting, road greening on both sides, etc.

② Reservoir submerged area: The bottom of the reservoir has been cleaned during the design of the main project. In order to ensure the stability of the reservoir bank and reduce the soil erosion of the unstable reservoir bank, this scheme suggests that the main project should carry out slope protection and greening for the local unstable reservoir bank during the construction period.

(2) Temporary works

Construction road: temporary support will be provided for the excavated slope, the toe of the embankment will be protected and the temporary drainage ditch and grit chamber will be built on both sides of the construction road. After the project is completed, the road sections that need to be preserved shall be hardened and afforested; Other sections shall be restored, covered with soil, replanted or afforested.

Yard: The topsoil stripped before mining in the new yard should be stored in a centralized way, and the temporary yard should be protected, protected and drained. When quarrying, temporary flood intercepting ditch should be built at the top of the designed excavation slope, flood drainage ditch and grit chamber should be built around the mining area, and corresponding engineering measures should be taken to seal and temporarily support the mining slope. After quarrying, the land should be restored, the bottom of the mining area should be covered with soil for reclamation or greening, and the exposed slope after mining should be covered with vines.

Temporary stockyard: use temporary blocks for centralized stacking, use colored strips and soil bags to temporarily protect excavated materials, and at the same time, make temporary drainage ditches to prevent the formation of new sources of soil erosion.

Abandoned slag yard: the surface soil of the slag yard is stripped first, and then stored and protected centrally for later reconstruction or greening of the slag yard. In the process of slag disposal, we should resolutely implement the principle of "blocking first and then stacking" and build slag retaining walls and drainage ditches. Before the slag treatment of this project. Only after the slag stopping and discharging facilities of the slag yard are perfect can the slag be piled up and abandoned in an orderly manner according to the designed capacity of the slag yard. After the project is completed, according to the design requirements of this scheme, the top surface of the slag body will be covered with soil, ploughed and afforested. The above contents are all new items in this scheme.

Construction of production and living facilities: the site is leveled, drainage facilities are built around it, and after the construction, cultivated land is reclaimed for land restoration or greening.

2.2 Arrangement of soil and water conservation measures for canal system engineering in irrigation area

(1) Canal system project area: In this plan, in addition to completing the engineering measures with water and soil conservation function according to the requirements of the main design documents, the water and soil loss protection measures for the cofferdam of Dayan River inverted siphon construction are added, drainage ditches are set on the excavated and backfilled slopes, and grass seeds or vines are planted in the canal sections with greening conditions for greening.

(2) Construction road: drainage ditches and grit chambers are built on both sides of the road.

The quantity of slag after the demolition of temporary protection works in this project has been included in the main project. After the construction, the land will be ploughed again and greening measures will be taken.

(3) Yard: plug the mining slope, build drainage ditch and grit chamber, peel off the topsoil of the yard before mining, and carry out temporary protection. After mining, vines are planted on the slope, and the bottom is covered with soil for rehabilitation.

(4) Abandoned slag yard: the topsoil of the slag yard is stripped and backfilled, the topsoil is piled up in a centralized way, temporarily protected, a slag retaining wall and a drainage ditch are built, the top surface of the slag body is ploughed again, and the slope is afforested.

(5) Construction of production and living quarters: the site shall be leveled, and drainage facilities shall be built around it. After the construction, cultivated land shall be reclaimed and other occupied areas shall be afforested.

2.3 Arrangement of soil and water conservation measures in directly affected areas

Soil and water conservation measures in the directly affected area are mainly to strengthen the monitoring of excavation and filling construction in the construction process, so as to reduce soil erosion in the directly affected area.

2.4 Matters needing attention in overall plant selection

When choosing plants, plant trees where they should be planted and plant grass where they should be planted. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the beautification and greening of the whole project. According to the geographical location of the region, selecting some cold-resistant and barren-tolerant tree species for planting can get twice the result with half the effort and strengthen the management of soil and water conservation.

2.5. The final effect of soil and water conservation

If the reservoir is designed and constructed in strict accordance with the above measures, the new soil erosion during the construction and operation of this development and construction project can be effectively controlled, which plays an important role in improving and restoring the local ecological environment. Therefore, from the perspective of soil and water conservation, the construction of this project is feasible as long as it is strictly implemented in accordance with this soil and water conservation plan. Through the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, the restoration rate of disturbed land within the scope of prevention and control responsibility of this project reaches 97.0%, the total control degree of soil and water loss reaches 100%, the soil and water loss control rate reaches10, and the slag retention rate reaches 100.

3. Conclusion

After the implementation of various soil and water conservation measures, the soil erosion in the project area has been controlled, the increased forest and grass area has increased the coverage of surface vegetation, effectively intercepted the flood caused by heavy rain, controlled soil erosion, protected soil and water resources, greatly improved the production and living environment of residents in the project area, created a good external environment for local economic development, promoted the sustainable development of regional economy and improved the living standards of residents, and achieved remarkable social benefits.

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