Comparison of artistic techniques between Wang Wei's Two Ambassadors Anxi and Xu Hun's Xie Ting Farewell.

1. Changting, Grandma Pavilion, Xieting Pavilion, Baling Pavilion and Nanpu. The pavilion is a pavilion designed by the ancients for pedestrians to rest on the avenue. People often say goodbye in pavilions, which makes the natural landscape of pavilions often appear in works related to farewell. The old pavilion is about fifteen miles away from the ancient city of Jiankang; Xie Ting, also known as Xie Gongting, was built in the northern part of Xuancheng when Xie Tiao, a poet of Southern Qi Dynasty, was the magistrate of Xuancheng. He once bid farewell to his good friend Fan Yun here, and later Xie Ting became the farewell place of Xuancheng. Baling Pavilion, located 30 miles southeast of Chang 'an, was named Baling because Emperor Wen was buried here. In the Tang Dynasty, people sent their friends out of Chang 'an and often broke up there. Nanpu, first, refers to the exclusive place name, first, refers to the pool located in the south of this area in a certain area, and second, refers to the branch of the river. In Beppu, Jiang Yan said, "It's so sad to send you to Nanpu." Since then, people have used "Nanpu" as the image of farewell poems.

2. Willow. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, so the ancients had the habit of breaking Liu to bid farewell. This ancient custom first appeared in the Han Dynasty. There is an ancient song "Folding Willow Song" in Han Yuefu: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi instead. Playing the flute on the bench is for fear of killing travelers. "

3. Sunset, sunset. Many poets like to associate parting with sunset and dusk to express their deep feelings about parting. This is because sad feelings are integrated with boundless twilight. For wanderers who are far away from home, the twilight gradually rises to infinity, which can best arouse their feelings of parting. As Meng Haoran said in "Sleeping in Jiande", "My boat is moving forward in the fog, the day is getting shorter, and the memories of the old days begin."

4. month. Moonlight gives people a hazy, blurred and desolate feeling, which is consistent with the deep and long, euphemistic and sad parting; Moreover, the moon contains the symbolic meaning of homesickness and homesickness, so the ancients often used the moon to express their feelings. Through the contrast of the moon, the abstract parting is more touching.

5. wine. The ancients used to say farewell dinner, "whoever gives more wine to show his mind" (Yang Zai's poetess), "Advise you to drink more, and go out of Yangguan for no reason" (Wang Wei's Send Yuan Er to Anxi), and "People who are thousands of miles away will enjoy a cup" (Li Bai's A Bie Ge Zhi in Jiangxia).

6. Autumn. "Autumn is sad and lonely since ancient times" (Liu Yuxi's Two Autumn Poems). When the ancients watched autumn scenery, they felt the passage of time and the shortness and easy aging of life. "Autumn" can make people with lofty ideals lose their will, be disappointed with reality and be pessimistic about the future. Sorrow for autumn has become a common cultural psychology of ancient literati. Fu's I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness follows autumn today "("Up the Mountain "). Facing autumn scenery, a martial arts expert in Wushan, in the twilight, the author feels that his intimate friends are scattered, his ambition is hard to be rewarded, and his country is in decline. He couldn't help sighing that "two flowers are crying day after day, alone in the boat, homesick" ("Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity"), expressing his feelings of worrying about the country and people, loneliness and depression. Autumn represents melancholy and sadness, loneliness and depression, which are common images in farewell poems.

Second, grasp the style of poetry

Stylistically, farewell poems can be divided into two categories: sentimental and heroic.

1. sentimental type. The reasons for ancient people's travel can be roughly divided into rushing to the exam, going to the embassy, moving (official tour), recruiting soldiers, going to the countryside, and retiring. Due to the rugged roads and backward means of transportation, it has been inseparable for many years. The ancients paid more attention to parting, or folded willows to bid farewell, or put wine on a farewell trip, or sent poems to each other, full of warm words and deep friendship. Most of these poems are touching and full of sentimental sentiment. Such as Liu Yong's Yulin Order, Liu Yong's Farewell, Song's Farewell to Du and Liu Zongyuan's Farewell to Dreams.

2. Hero type. Parting is not all sad. For example, Wang Bo's Farewell to Ren Shuchuan, Du Shaofu, washes away the sad and sour state of parting, with an open artistic conception and bright colors; Chen Ziang's "Send David to the Army" did not fall into the cliche of love, bitterness and sadness. It focuses on the overall situation and expresses the author's generous ambition and enterprising spirit. His feelings are wild and passionate, and his heroic spirit is pressing. In addition, there is Gao Shi's "Don't Move Big" to express my best wishes to my friends; "Send Li to the Western Expedition" is full of pride and passion.

Third, know how to express feelings often.

Because everyone's situation is different, the specific content and ideological tendency of farewell poems are often different, which can be roughly divided into:

1. To express reluctance to say goodbye or lovesickness. Describe the deep affection between friends, mainly through typical scene language, voice, action, or imagination to convey the feelings of parting. For example, Wang Wei's Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Shen Zifu to Jiangdong, Li Bai's Send Friends, Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie and so on.

2. The content of poetry is mainly to encourage, praise, comfort and encourage friends, and express other feelings. Such as Wang's Biography of Sending to Ren Shu, Gao Shi's Dongda, and Li Bai's Gift to Wang Lun.

3. Say goodbye to poetry. The theme of this kind of farewell poems is farewell, but the actual purpose is to express one's ambition or hug through farewell. For example, Li Bai's poem Sleepwalking in Paradise, Lu Guimeng's poem Farewell, and Wang Changling's poem Farewell to Xin Qiji at Furong Inn, etc. Among them, Wang Changling's The Farewell of Furong Inn and Xin Qiji is the most famous.

4. Express nostalgia by saying goodbye. For example, Robin's poem "Give someone a stunt with a glass of water": This is not yan dan, and a strong man takes the crown. No one was there at that time, and the water is still cold today.

In the name of farewell, it is actually writing about scenery or expressing other feelings. For example, Li Bai's poem "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" and Yang Wanli's poem "Seeing Lin Zifang at Dawn in Jingci Temple".

Fourth, analyze writing skills.

There are many ways to use farewell poems, so we should pay attention to the common methods and skills when appreciating them.

1. Blending feelings into the scenery: The objective image that the poet touches and hurts his feelings is nothing more than the afterglow of the sunset, the running water flowing through the waves, the river painting the rain, the flat sand rolling, the clouds passing through the Qinling Mountains and the road bypassing the Shu Mountains. Once these images enter the poem with the author's feelings of parting, they become "humanized nature" and constitute a desolation, sadness and emptiness. For example, Wei's "Give the Twilight Rain" focuses on misty rain, dusk, heavy sails, late birds, Haimen and Pu Shu, which are intertwined to form a heavy and gloomy atmosphere when leaving, expressing the sad feelings of leaving.

2. Contrast: not directly writing people's sense of separation, but by writing the meaning that things are hurt in their eyes, meaning "Why can people be embarrassed when things are like this?" This way of writing can deepen the theme and be full of charm. For example, Rong Hong's "Pavilion on the Home Lake" expresses people's feelings by writing the parting words of wicker vines and orioles. Du Mu's "Two Farewells" (the second part) "The wax torch becomes discouraged and tears are shed on others until dawn." Tears shed all night are sad for the departure of the hero and heroine, which shows the poet's sincere feelings that he can't bear to be separated.

3. Set off sadness with music scenes: The parting environment is very different, including parting in bitter wind and rain and parting in beautiful scenery. Writing the bitter wind and rain can certainly set off the pain of parting, but writing its beautiful moment can't set off people's troubles. The more beautiful the scenery, the more embarrassing it is to meet and leave, and the beautiful scenery has become a factor that adds sadness and hatred. For example, Xu Hun's "Farewell to Xie Ting", "When my brother misinterprets the boat, the red leaves and green hills rush". Ouyang Xiu's "Yulouchun" "Luoyang is at the time of Fang Fei Festival, and it is rich and fragrant."

4. Imagination (imaginary): Farewell poems are often speculated on the basis of the author's touching feelings, probably imagining the loneliness of friends in the trip after leaving, and the sad mood in this lonely environment. More importantly, I expressed my nostalgia and concern for my friends. For example, Wang Changling's "See Weier" "Remember that Jun is far away in Xiaoxiang Moon, listening to apes' dreams and sorrows. "Imagine a friend disembarking in Xiaoxiang after leaving," worried that he could not hear the ape clearly ",and even dreamed that he could not sleep at night because of loneliness, so as to double the sadness of leaving and show his deep concern for his friend.

5. Metaphor: Using metaphor to express feelings is one of the commonly used artistic means in farewell poems. For example, Seeing Wei Join the Army in Danyang and Seeing Jiangbei in the evening, flying with water in West Western jackdaw use "water leisurely" to describe the sadness of parting and the long-term friendship. Liu Guo's "Liu Song" uses the metaphor of "a lonely goose on the cloud and duckweed on the water" to express the pain of parting, and uses the metaphor of "the dust goes with the horse and the moon sails" to express the feelings of missing. There are also Li Bai's seeing friends off and I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset. Wang Wei's "Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong" "Only lovesickness is like spring scenery, and Jiangnan Jiangbei will send you home." Also use metaphors.

To appreciate farewell poems, we should not only master the above knowledge and methods, but also understand the author, work style and creative background. I really know people, talk about the world, and watch poetry.

2. Be familiar with the two friends' farewells in Spring Night (I), one farewell to Wei Wan and one farewell to friends.

3. Know the author:

Chen Ziang (659-700), a native of Apollo, was born in Shehong, Zizhou (now Sichuan). Young Ren Xia, a 24-year-old Jinshi, was named Chen Zhengzi after his death. Move to the right to pick up the skeleton, so it is also called Chen picking up the skeleton. What I have written over and over again, the text is relatively straightforward. Quite middle-aged, but rarely used. Once with Wu Youyi, he levied northern Khitan and was demoted. After dismissal, he returned to his hometown, framed the county magistrate Duan Jian, and died in prison. Chen Ziang's poetics work Bamboo Preface praised the poetic style of Han and Wei Dynasties, and emphasized the sublation of the gentle poetic style of the Six Dynasties. It was a pioneer of poetic innovation in the Tang Dynasty and had a positive impact on poetic creation in the Tang Dynasty and later generations. His poems include thirty-eight such as Feeling on the Tower of Youzhou. His works can best embody his poetic theory and have lofty style and Han and Wei style. Second, you must leave me here and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass.

Understand the image of "solitary Peng"

Cao Peng flies with the wind, drifting without roots. People who travel far away, like Cao Peng, leave their hometown just like leaving their roots and flying with the wind. The road ahead is long and confusing, and the word "loneliness" is even more pitiful. This couplet expresses the author's deep concern for friends wandering around the world.

I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset.

1. What rhetorical devices are used? How is the expression effect?

The rhetorical device of metaphor, a cloud in the sky, floats with the wind, as if a friend is about to leave, his whereabouts are uncertain, and he does whatever he wants; In the distance, a red sun slowly sets, as if reluctant to leave the earth, just like a poet's farewell to a friend. Vividly expressed the feeling of parting.

2. How does the poet express this feeling?

Scenes blend, depicting a picture of parting, expressing the nostalgia for friends.

We waved goodbye and my horse kept neighing.

1. What are the characteristics at the end of this poem?

Tie a knot with the scene to set off the technique.

2. What is the effect?

Bama, a stray horse. The poet's feeling of parting is unknown, but it is set off by writing Malay. Even when the horse leaves, it can't help whistling, as if there is infinite affection. Why can people be inferior when horses are like this?

3. Evaluate the emotional tone of the poet's farewell poems.

Novel and unique, not rigid. The green mountains, clear water, flaming sunset and white clouds in the poem are in harmony and bright colors. Natural beauty and humanistic beauty are intertwined and vivid. The rhythm of the poem is lively and the feelings are sincere and optimistic.

Fourth, homework:

Complete the contents of the merged case.

A case study of appreciation and integration of farewell poems in Tang poetry

Class name group evaluation teacher evaluation grade

Send Du XIV to Jiangnan to meet Meng Haoran.

Jason Wu, as a hometown connected with water, it is slim for you to go to Chunjiang.

Where do the sails anchor at sunset? As far as the horizon is concerned, it breaks people's intestines.

1. What does the word "thin" mean in this poem? What is the author's mood?

A: The word "slim" contains complex emotions. Literally, it seems to describe the vast waves and misty rain on the Chunjiang River. In fact, it is the poet's blank mind and the poet's loss when he bid farewell to his friends.

2. What are the characteristics of three or four sentences in poetry in expression skills?

A: The third sentence is a question, which leads to a turning point and prepares for the next lyric; The sentence at the end not only expresses the feeling of parting, but also is not direct, memorable and meaningful.

Send Shen Zifu back to Jiangdong to see Wang Wei.

The ferries of the Willow River are scattered, and the boatman shakes his oars and sails in.

Only lovesickness is like spring scenery, and Jiangnan Jiangbei will send you home.

1. In the first sentence and the second sentence, which images are images that imply farewell?

Willow, the ancients had the custom of folding willow to bid farewell; Crossing the transition and seeing off guests; Teacher, boatman, paddle, paddle and start; Qi Lin, explain where you are going.

I have always appreciated the third sentence, please enjoy it briefly.

The third sentence uses figurative rhetoric (strange imagination) to compare acacia to spring scenery, which vividly expresses the poet's reluctance. The poet feels infinite feelings of parting in his heart, just like the spring scenery in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, which is everywhere and accompanied by friends.

See Pei card shark off again, demote Liu Changqing to Jizhou.

Apes crow at the end of the river, and people hurt themselves.

As a courtier, you are farther away, and Li is lonely.

1 What artistic techniques are used? Try to make a concrete analysis with poetry.

Contrast techniques use running water, parting, twilight and so on to set off sad feelings.

The contrast technique is ruthless and flowing.

The contrast method compares the author and his friend's relegation, which not only points out that they are in the same boat, but also reveals the concern of the friend who answered correctly.

2 Analyze the function of the sentence "Castle Peak alone in Wan Li" from two aspects: artistic effect and thoughts and feelings.

The artistic effect creates an open artistic conception.

Thoughts reveal the author's anxiety and farewell to his friend's long trip.

Send King Weil to Changling.

Upstairs, the river was drunk and drunk to bid farewell to the sweet orange pomelo, and the wind and rain in the river brought the boat desolate.

Imagine that you are alone in the xiaoxiang moon, listening to the long ape with a melancholy dream.

1. The word "cool" in the second sentence is well used. What's so good about it?

"Cool" not only describes the physical coldness felt in the autumn wind and autumn rain, but also describes the sad inner feelings because of the separation of friends at this time.

This poem is a combination of reality and fiction in artistic conception. Please briefly analyze this artistic technique and its function.

The first and second sentences of this poem were written on a clear autumn day, and the smell of orange pomelo was floating in the air. The poet gave a banquet on the high building by the river to bid farewell to his friends, and then sent them aboard in the autumn wind and autumn rain. These two sentences are about the real scene in front of us. In the last two sentences, the poet takes the word "memory" as a pedestrian, and fictionalizes a typical lonely scene at night: in the near future, a friend will spend the night in Xiaoxiang, and it is difficult to sleep because of a lonely moon. Even if the poem falls asleep temporarily, the apes on both sides of the strait will burst into dreams one by one, making him unable to get rid of melancholy. These two sentences are empty. It is an illusion to go boating on a moonlit night, and even more so to listen to apes in a dream. In this way, the combination of reality and fiction in the whole poem, with the help of imagination, expands the expression space and artistic conception, makes the poem more hazy and beautiful, deepens the theme, and is more conducive to expressing melancholy and parting feelings.

Xie Ting bid farewell to Xu Hun.

After singing the farewell song, you untied another boat in the distance. There are green hills on both sides and red leaves on the mountains. The water is rushing eastward.

When dusk fell, I woke up, only to know that everyone had left. At this time, it began to rain again, and I was the only one who left the west wing.

What are the characteristics of this poem? What expression is used to express the feeling of farewell? Please contact the specific content of the poem and appreciate the beauty of this technique.

The "happy scene" is a gorgeous picture composed of "red leaves and green hills", and the "sad mood" is the sad mood of parting, which contrasts the difficulty of getting together with the embarrassment of parting and the beauty of the scenery.