Basic knowledge of distribution personnel

1. Power supply and distribution knowledge

Power supply and distribution knowledge: provisions on the management of safe operation of power supply and distribution

1.0 uses:

Standardize the operation procedures of power supply and distribution equipment and facilities to ensure the correct and safe operation of power supply and distribution equipment and facilities.

2.0 Scope of application:

Applicable to the operation of power supply equipment and facilities within the jurisdiction of property management companies.

3.0 Responsibility:

3. 1 the supervisor of electromechanical maintenance department/the monitor of power transformation and distribution room is responsible for checking the implementation of standard operating procedures for safe operation of power supply and distribution equipment and facilities.

3.2 The electrician on duty in the transformer room is responsible for the operation of power supply equipment and facilities.

4.0 Key points of the plan:

4. 1 Precautions for safe operation.

4. 1. 1 When operating high-voltage equipment and facilities, insulating gloves, insulating shoes, cotton work clothes and insulating operating rods must be worn.

4. 1.2 When operating low-voltage equipment and facilities, insulating shoes and cotton gloves must be worn to avoid facing the operating equipment.

4. 1.3 Live working is strictly prohibited. In case of emergency, live working shall meet the following conditions:

A) having a guardian;

B) There is enough space and light in the workplace;

C) Tools and materials used are complete (insulating flat-nose pliers, diagonal pliers, screwdriver, electrical tape, etc.). );

D) Workers must wear insulating gloves, cotton work clothes and insulating shoes.

4. 1.4 When the automatic air switch trips or the fuse is blown, find out the reason, and then restore power supply after troubleshooting. Forced power transmission is not allowed, and trial power transmission is allowed when necessary.

4. 1.5 The current transformer shall not be open, the voltage transformer shall not be short-circuited, and the insulation of the charged body shall not be measured by shaking table.

4. 1.6 When the switch in the power distribution room is switched, there should be one person to supervise it.

4.2 Operation of power supply and distribution equipment and facilities.

4.2. 1 Operation essentials of power failure of distribution transformer:

A) Turn on the low-voltage outlet switches;

B) turn on the low-voltage master switch.

C) Turn on the high voltage side switch of the distribution transformer.

4.2.2 Operation essentials of self-generating power outage:

A) Turn on the main switch of the generator power distribution cabinet;

B) turn off the generator control power supply.

4.2.3 Power transmission operation essentials of distribution transformer;

A) close the high voltage side switch of the distribution transformer;

B) turn off the low-voltage master switch.

C) Turn off all low-voltage outlet switches.

4.2.4 Operation points of self-generation and transmission;

A) turn on the control power supply of the power generation platform;

B) close the main switch of the generator power distribution cabinet.

4.2.5 Before working on the distribution transformer, the operating points are as follows:

A) Turn on the high voltage side and low voltage side of the power supply;

B) check the electricity to confirm that there is no electricity;

C) Hang three-phase short-circuit grounding wires on both sides respectively;

D) High-security fence, with the sign "No closing when someone is working" hung at the high and low voltage switches.

4.2.6 Before operating the switch of the power distribution cabinet, the operating points are as follows:

A) turn on the switch, with obvious opening point;

B) check the electricity to confirm that there is no electricity;

C) hang three-phase short-circuit grounding wire;

D) Set insulating partition (the distance from the adjacent charged body is less than 6 cm);

E) Hang the sign "No switching on when someone is working" at the power-off switch;

F) Stand on the insulating mat and work with one hand as much as possible.

5.0 Records:

6.0 Relevant supporting documents:

2. What are the basic knowledge of low-voltage electrician?

Electrical Basis and Safety Chapter I Electric Shock Accident and Electric Shock Emergency 1. Electrical accident analysis (1) types of electrical accidents: current injury accident, electrical equipment accident, electromagnetic field injury accident, lightning accident, electrostatic accident and electrical fire and explosion accident.

(2) Cause of electric shock accident: lack of electrical safety knowledge; Violation of safety operation procedures; Electrical equipment and wiring are unqualified; Poor maintenance; Accidental factors. 2. Effect of current on human body (1) Electric shock type: single-phase electric shock; Two-phase electric shock; Step voltage gets an electric shock.

(2) For power frequency electricity, the perceived current of adult males is about 1. 1 mA, and that of adult females is 0.7 mA. Get rid of the current situation: adult males are about 16 ma, and females are about 10.5 ma.

From the safety point of view, when the probability is 0.5%, the minimum escape current is 9 mA for men and 6 mA for women. 3. safe voltage (1) allowable current: male 9 mA, female 6 mA.

(2) Human body resistance: 1000~2000 ohms. (3) safe voltage value: 42, 36, 24, 12, 6 volts.

(4) safe voltage Power Supply: It is supplied by a specific power supply, including an independent power supply and a safety isolation transformer (consisting of two relatively independent coils installed on the same iron core). Autotransformers, voltage dividers and semiconductor devices cannot be used as voltage sources.

(5) The safe voltage loop must meet the following conditions: 1. The input and output of the power supply must be isolated in the circuit; Ⅱ. The circuit working under safe voltage must have no electrical connection with other electrical systems (grounding is not allowed, but the iron core of safety isolation transformer should be grounded); ⅲ. When using safe voltage with voltage greater than 24V, protective measures must be taken to prevent direct contact with charged body, and there is no * * * charged body; Ⅳ. The line shall meet the following conditions: the voltage level of components and wires shall be at least 250V, and the plugs used in safe voltage shall not be plugged into sockets with higher voltage. 4. Key points of on-site rescue for electric shock first aid: get out of the power supply quickly; Accurate treatment (artificial respiration and chest compressions); On-site rescue; Treatment should last until the end.

Chapter II Protective Measures for Direct Contact 1, Types of Protective Measures for Direct Contact Insulation, Screen Protection, Spacing, safe voltage, Energy Consumption Limitation, Electrical Interlocking and Installation of Leakage Protector. 2. The resistivity of insulating (1) insulating materials is generally 10 9? Above cm.

(2) There are three terminal buttons on the shaking table, which are marked with grounding E, circuit L and shielding (or protection) G respectively. The e terminal is grounded or connected to the housing of electrical equipment.

When measuring the external insulation resistance of cable core, G terminates the cable sheath and L terminates the cable core. In order to eliminate the error caused by electric leakage on the insulation surface of the core wire, the G terminal is connected to the internal insulation inside the cable sheath. (3) Precautions for measuring insulation resistance: ① The crank speed should be from slow to fast; (2), according to the object to choose different voltage shaking table (100~ 1000 volts, use 500V~ 1000V megohmmeter; /kloc-above 0/000 v, use 2500V or 5000V megohmmeter); (3) Double insulated wires or stranded wires cannot be used for terminal wires, so as to avoid errors caused by poor insulation; (4) The electrical equipment to be tested shall be powered off and discharged before measurement; ⑤ Check the shaking table before measurement; 6, should as far as possible after the electrical equipment has just stopped running, so that the measurement results conform to the operating temperature; All landowners, measuring the insulation resistance of power lines, fuses, electrical equipment, electrical appliances and instruments should be disconnected.

(4) Insulation resistance value of main electrical equipment or lines: ① The insulation resistance of each section of newly installed and overhauled power distribution equipment below1kV should not be less than 0.5m ohm, and the insulation resistance of power wiring should not be less than 0.5m ohm; For newly installed and operated power lines above 1KV, the insulation resistance of each insulator should not be less than 300 megohms. (2) The insulation resistance of the new transformer shall be no less than 70% of the factory value.

(3) The rated voltage of insulation resistance of stator coil of AC motor is 65438 0000 V or above, and it should be no less than 65438 0 megohm per kilovolt at normal temperature, and the insulation resistance of rotor coil should be no less than 0.5 megohm per kilovolt. If the rated voltage is lower than 1000V, it should be not less than 0.5 megohm per kilovolt at room temperature.

The higher the temperature, the lower the insulation resistance. Chapter III Indirect Contact Protection Measures 1 and Types of Indirect Contact Protection Measures (1) Protection measures such as automatic power-off protection, overcurrent protection (including zero connection protection), leakage protection, fault voltage protection (including grounding protection) and insulation monitoring can be adopted according to their characteristics.

(2) Electrical equipment with secondary insulation (3) Electrical isolation (4) Equipotential connection (2) Protective grounding (1) is to closely connect the metal parts with dangerous grounding voltage under fault conditions with the earth. (2) What electricians usually call the earth 20 meters away from the grounding body.

When the current flows into the earth through the grounding body, the voltage drop of the grounding body 20 is zero. (3) The scope of application of protective grounding is applicable to ungrounded power grids.

Bases and housings of motors, transformers, electrical appliances, portable or mobile electrical equipment; Transmission device of electrical equipment; Transformer secondary coil; Metal frame and shell of power distribution cabinet, console and protective screen; Metal shell, cable metal sheath and screw pipe of junction box and terminal box of AC /DC power cable. (4) Low-voltage electrical equipment with grounding resistance: in the 380V ungrounded power grid, the equipment protection grounding resistance Rb≤4 ohms; High-voltage electrical equipment with distribution transformer or generator capacity: small grounding current power grid (neutral point of power grid is ungrounded or grounded through arc suppression coil) Rb≤ 10 ohm, and medium and small capacity 10KV power grid Rb≤4 ohm; Large grounding current power grid (neutral point of power grid is directly grounded) Rb≤0.5 ohm.

(5) Special protection measures in ungrounded power grid: protection and insulation monitoring of high voltage breaking into low voltage. Protection of high voltage into low voltage: the neutral point or one phase of low voltage power grid is safely grounded through breakdown.

Insulation monitoring: it is realized by three voltmeters with the same specifications and high internal resistance (without reducing the selectivity of protective grounding in the power grid). 3. Definition of protective grounding: Under normal circumstances, the uncharged metal shell of electrical equipment is closely connected with the neutral line of the power grid. In the three-phase four-phase power grid with neutral point directly grounded and voltage of 380/220V V, the safety measures to prevent the electric shock accident of the faulty charged body are taken.

In the grounded power grid, protective grounding can only be used as a safety measure. Working grounding: The neutral point on the low-voltage side of the transformer is directly connected with the grounding device, that is, neutral point grounding, also known as working grounding.

Say it again.

3. Basic knowledge of electricity use

1. Touch and probe the inside of the power socket without hands or conductive objects (such as wires, nails, pins and other metal products); Don't touch wires without insulation; Contact the maintenance personnel in time if you find a thread with * * * *. Tel: 13585 170599 (Master Wang) 138 13882564 (Li Shifu)

2. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with wet cloth. When water leakage is found around the electrical appliance, it should be temporarily stopped, and the maintenance personnel should be immediately notified to do insulation treatment, and then it can be resumed after the water leakage is eliminated. Avoid using electrical appliances in humid environment (such as toilet), and don't let electrical appliances get damp, damp or soak in water, so as to avoid personal injury caused by electric leakage.

3. Electric appliances such as electric light bulbs, hair dryers, rice cookers, electric irons and electric heaters will emit high heat during use. Pay attention to keep them away from flammable items such as paper and cotton cloth to prevent fire; At the same time, pay attention to avoid burns when using. Do not use high-heat light sources or other electrical appliances in mosquito nets, do not install electric lights in wardrobes, and turn off these electrical appliances when unattended.

4. Don't use multiple appliances on a multi-port socket at the same time. The place where the socket is used should be kept dry, and the socket wire should not be wound on the metal pipe. The extension cord shall not pass through the carpet or wall hung with flammable materials, nor shall it be placed on the iron bed.

5, electrical plug must be plugged in, close contact, don't loose, so as not to generate heat. Unplug the power plug in time after using the electrical appliances; When plugging and unplugging the power plug, hold the plug tightly and don't pull the wire hard to prevent the insulation of the wire from being damaged and causing electric shock; The insulation layer of the wire is peeling off, so it is necessary to replace the wire in time or wrap it with insulating tape. When an electrical appliance trips during use, you must unplug the power plug first, then contact the maintenance personnel to find out the cause of the trip, and check the electrical appliance fault before determining whether it can be used continuously to ensure safety.

6. In case of thunderstorm, stop using computers and televisions and unplug outdoor antennas to prevent lightning strikes. Electrical appliances are easy to be damaged by moisture and corrosion after being put aside for a long time, so they need to be carefully checked before being reused. When purchasing electrical products, you should choose qualified products with recognized quality. It is necessary to eliminate aging electrical appliances in time, and it is strictly forbidden to extend the service of electrical appliances.

7. Don't disassemble or install the power cord, socket and plug at will. Do not destroy public electrical equipment such as safety indicator lights in the building. Power consumption should not exceed the allowable load capacity of wires and circuit breakers. When adding large electrical appliances, it should be checked and approved by professionals, and large circuit breakers should not be replaced without permission, so as to avoid inadequate protection and fire.

8. Don't hang clothes on the wires, and don't wrap metal wires (such as iron wire, aluminum wire and copper wire) on live wires to prevent insulation wear and leakage, causing casualties. Stay away from high-voltage poles, do not fly kites or shoot birds near power lines, and do not dig holes and borrow soil near cables and stay wires to prevent poles from breaking.

9. If you see a broken wire, don't go near it, and report it to the relevant professional department for maintenance in time. In case of power failure of electrical equipment, the maintenance personnel shall be notified in time for repair.

10, when electrical appliances are burnt out or the circuit is overloaded, there are usually some abnormal phenomena, such as smoking, sparking, making strange noises, or overheating the conductor, or even burning to produce pungent smell. At this time, you should immediately cut off the power supply, then check the electrical appliances and circuits, and find maintenance personnel to deal with them.

1 1. When electrical appliances or circuits are on fire, be sure to keep calm. First, cut off the power supply as soon as possible, or turn off the main brake of the indoor circuit, and then aim at the fire with a special fire extinguisher. If there is no special fire extinguisher around, you can put out the fire in a conventional way under the premise of power failure; If the power supply is not cut off, never put out the fire with water or wet things to avoid electric shock.

12, someone get an electric shock immediately turn off the power supply; Or use a dry wooden stick or other insulation to separate the electric shock victim from the charged conductor, and don't save people directly by hand; If the person who gets an electric shock is unconscious and stops breathing, he should be given artificial respiration immediately, or sent to the hospital for emergency treatment immediately.

The above common sense of safe use of electricity must be mastered in daily life. As long as everyone has full safety awareness, pays attention to eliminating hidden dangers, and can deal with electrical fires or electric shock accidents quickly and quickly, the losses will be minimized.

4. What knowledge do employees of power companies need to learn?

Power companies are divided into three levels: provincial company level, city (region) level and county level. The provincial company level is mainly responsible for management functions, and the city (region) level is mainly responsible for urban power supply, power engineering, maintenance, construction and power management. The county level is mainly responsible for the power supply, power engineering, maintenance, construction and power management of the county.

According to the nature of work of power companies, the management categories are as follows:

1, finance

2. Business management, including human resources.

3. Production technology

4. Safety management

5. Power grid construction

6. Logistics

According to the technical nature:

1. Substation operation: responsible for daily patrol, inspection, maintenance and switching operation of high-voltage substations.

2. Transmission operation: responsible for daily inspection, inspection, maintenance and overhaul of high-voltage transmission lines.

3. Power distribution operation: responsible for daily patrol, inspection, maintenance and overhaul of low-voltage transmission lines.

4. Charge for meter reading: responsible for users to read and collect meters.

5. Metering management: responsible for the installation, debugging and calibration of electric meters.

6. Dispatching management: responsible for power grid dispatching, preparation and implementation of maintenance plan.

7. Communication management: responsible for the communication equipment of all units in the power grid, including telephone, switch and intranet management.

8. Maintenance: responsible for the maintenance, debugging and installation of high-voltage equipment in the power grid.

9. Rural power management: responsible for the supply, maintenance, installation, electricity meter reading and electricity fee of rural power facilities.

First of all, it depends on which department you are assigned to decide what professional knowledge you want to study. If you are assigned to a department, make it clear before you answer.

5. Electrician knowledge, the most basic safety knowledge

1, electrical equipment fire, what kind of equipment can be charged to put out the fire? Answer: 12 1 1 carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride dry powder (the two answers are correct) 2. According to the frequency of electric shock accidents, which months of the year are the most concentrated months of electric shock accidents? A: What is the maximum voltage in safe voltage from June to September 3rd? Answer: 42 volts. 4. What is a safe DC current through people? Answer: 50mA 5. What is the safe AC current through human body? Answer: 10A6. What should I do first to get an electric shock? And then do what right away? Answer: electric shock rescue; Artificial respiration.

7. How many kinds of protective devices are there to prevent direct lightning in the factory? Answer: lightning rod; Lightning protection network; Lightning eliminator. 8. When the conductor is grounded, the closer the human body is to the grounding point, the higher the step voltage, and the farther the distance, the lower the step voltage. Generally speaking, the step voltage can be regarded as zero.

A:/kloc-within 0/0 meter b: over 20 meters c: over 30 meters A: B 9. Low-voltage test pens are generally suitable for AC and DC voltages below () V A: 220 B: 380 C: 500 A: C 10. The lighting facilities on the construction site should take measures to prevent electric shock ().

A: Wear insulating gloves B: Cut off the power C: Stand on the insulating board A: B 1 1. Whether the person who gets an electric shock can be rescued depends on () A: How to get an electric shock B: The magnitude of human body resistance C: The voltage of electric shock D: Can you leave the power supply as soon as possible for emergency rescue A: D 12: What is the main purpose of eliminating static electricity on the pipeline? Answer: Grounding 13, what is safe voltage? Answer: Under various environmental conditions, when the human body comes into contact with a charged body with a certain voltage, its tissues (such as skin, heart, viscera, respiratory organs and nervous system, etc. ) will not be damaged, and this voltage is called safe voltage. 14. What are the main factors that affect the harm of current to human body? A: The main factors are: current, human body resistance, duration of power-on, current frequency, voltage, current path and human body condition.

15, start the motor after it stops running. How many times does the hot state allow hot start? How many times is it allowed to start continuously in cold state? A: 1 time; 16, 2~3 times that of electric machinery and equipment used for construction, what protective measures should be taken? Answer: Protective grounding must be adopted and grounding must be repeated at the same time. 17, what are the two parts of electrical safety measures? A: Organizational measures and technical measures.

18, what are the main ways to get rid of low-voltage power supply? Answer: (1) cut off the power supply; (2) cut off the power cord; (3) Pull down the power cord; (4) Pull away the person who gets an electric shock; (5) Take corresponding rescue measures. When taking the above measures, pay attention to the use of insulation tools that meet the corresponding voltage level.

19, what is the sequence of disconnectors during power transmission? Answer: Connect the bus side first and then the line side. 20. Can the switch of distribution box switch be opened with load?

A: No.21. What kind of power tools must be used when using hand-held or mobile power tools in places with explosion and fire danger? A: There are explosion-proof measures.

22. How many volts of safe voltage should be used when using portable appliances or lighting lamps in wet workplaces or metal containers? Answer: 12V. 23, motor test run, can you move together and immediately press the stop button? Why? A: No.

The starting current is 6~7 times of the rated current, and stopping it immediately will burn out the switch. 24. Most motors in our factory are explosion-proof motors. What is the explosion-proof grade? Answer: dIIBT4 25. Is the explosion-proof motor in our factory waterproof? Answer: No.26, when the process load does not reach the rated load, the motor will not be overloaded, will it? Why? A: No.

Medium change, pump failure and motor failure will all lead to overload. 27, why not do fire tickets, temporary electricity tickets are not allowed to pick up temporary electricity? Answer: Temporary power consumption is the power consumption that generates sparks, which easily leads to electric shock safety accidents and fire and explosion accidents. You must apply for fire tickets and temporary electricity tickets, and take certain safety measures at the construction site before you can receive temporary electricity.

28, indoor lighting circuit electrical equipment, the total capacity of each circuit should not exceed how many kilowatts (1)1; ( 2 ) 2 ; ( 3 ) 3 。 A: (2) 29. The capacity of the socket should be adapted to the power load. How many electrical appliances are allowed to be connected to each socket? Answer: 1 30, when the relative humidity in the workplace is more than 75%, the working environment is easy to get an electric shock: (1) dangerous; (2) Particularly dangerous; (3) General answer: (1) 3 1. In order to prevent accidents caused by electrostatic sparks, all equipment metal pipelines and non-conductive materials pipelines used for processing, storing and conveying various combustible gases, liquids and powders must have (1) sufficient resistance; (2) It has a sufficiently small resistance; (3) Grounding 3 32. The power cord and wires of electric tools should be yellow-green double-color wires.

(1) phase; (2) working zero line; ③ Protective grounding. Answer: (3) 33. The most effective measure to ensure the personal safety of electrical maintenance personnel is.

(1) hang a signboard; (2) placing obstacles; (3) Maintenance equipment grounding and short circuit. Answer: (3) 34. From a safety point of view, there must be an obvious.

(1) signboard: (2) grounding position; (3) the disconnection point. Answer: (3) 35 The confirmation that the equipment or line has no electricity shall be subject to the instruction manual.

(1) voltmeter; (2) electroscope; (3) Disconnect the signal. A: (2) 36. It is forbidden to get close to various electrical equipment such as distribution boards (boxes), switches and transformers.

(1) Set fire extinguishers; (2) setting up fences; 3) Stack inflammable, explosive, damp and other items that affect the operation. Answer: (3) 37. In ordinary houses and offices, if the main purpose is to prevent electric shock, the leakage protection switch with leakage action current of mA should be selected.

( 1 ) 6 ; ( 2 ) 15 ; ( 3 ) 30 。 Answer: (3) 38. The power cord of portable electric tools and its switch board (box) must be used.

(1) double-layer plastic copper-core insulated conductor; (2) Double-stranded copper-core plastic cord; (3) Copper-core rubber insulated sheath or copper-core PVC insulated sheath cord. Answer: (3) 39. In general, the power cord length of portable electric tools should not exceed 100 meters.

( 1 ) 2 ; ( 2 ) 3 ; ( 3 ) 4 。 A: (2) 40. Handheld electricity that has not been used for a long time.