Appreciation and Translation of Zheng Boke's Yan _ Zuo Qiuming in Classical Chinese

In the usual study, speaking of classical Chinese, everyone is certainly familiar with it, right? Classical Chinese is written language, which mainly includes written language based on spoken language in pre-Qin period. I believe many people are worried that they can't understand classical Chinese. The following is the appreciation and translation of the original classical Chinese written by Zheng Boke in Zuo Qiuming. Welcome to reading. I hope you will like it.

Zheng Bo defeated Duan in Yan.

Pre-Qin Zuo Qiuming

At the beginning, I married Wujiang and gave birth to Zhuang Gong and Duan Shu. The birth of Zhuang Gong surprised Chiang Kai-shek, so he called it birth, so he hated it. Uncle Ai * *, want to stand. I am in urgent need of Wu Gong.

I also asked Zhuang Gong to make it on the throne. The duke said, "If you control the city, you will die. I am obedient. " Invite Beijing, make it home, and call it Uncle Beijing. Ji Zhong said, "If the capital exceeds 100 pheasants, the country will be harmed. Former monarchy: Most of them are just one of the participating countries, one of the five middle schools and one of Xiao Jiu. If you don't go to Beijing today, it will be unbearable without control. " Qi Huangong said, "If the Chiang family wants it, why harm it?" Yes, he said, "What does the Jiang family hate? It's better to do it early, and it's hard to figure it out without making it grow. The creeping weed can't be removed, and the mad king's pet brother is almost the same! " Qi Huangong said, "If you do more injustice, you will die, and your son-in-law will treat you."

Then Uncle ordered the West to despise and the North to despise itself. Sun Lu said, "This country is unbearable. What would you do? You have to tell uncle that I asked for it; If equal to, please divide by. No heart. " Gong said, "No need, I will be self-sufficient." My uncle also took two as his own cities, as for Yan Yan. Zi Feng said, "It's all right, thick will get more people." Gong said, "Unjust, heartless, thick will collapse."

After the meeting, Shu Shuhe will attack Zheng. Ma 'am will start. When the public heard about it, they all said, "Yes!" Life is 200 times to cut a handsome car. Beijing rebelled against uncle, entered Yan, and openly cut Yan. May is ugly, uncle ran away.

The book says, "Zheng Bo can stop at Yan." Duan is not a brother, so don't say brother; For example, the second gentleman is called gram; Zheng Bo said that he meant the loss of education; It's called Zheng Zhi. It's hard to run without saying anything.

So I asked the Jiang family to stay in the city and vowed that "it is better to be buried and not meet each other." Regret when it's done. Uncle Ying Kao sealed people for Yinggu, heard about it, offered food to the public and ate meat. When the public asked him, he said to him, "I have a mother. I have tasted the food of little people." I've never had imperial soup. Please keep it. " Gong said: "I have my mother's legacy, but I have nothing!" " Uncle Ying Kao said, "What is it?" So, I regret it. He said, "What's the matter with you? If we meet through the tunnel without land and springs, who will say no? " Follow it. Public access and dedication: "In the big tunnel, the fun is also harmonious!" Ginger came out and gave it: "Outside the earth, the fun is also vented." So mother and son are as always.

The gentleman said, "You should test your uncle's pure filial piety, love your mother, and do it for Zhuang Gong." The poem says:' A dutiful son is not needed, and he will always be a son.' That's what happened! "

translate

Once upon a time, I married a wife named Wujiang in Shen, and she gave birth to Zhuang Gong and Duan Shu. When Zhuang Gong was born, his feet came out first. Wujiang was frightened and named him "Sheng Mao", so he hated him very much. Wujiang prefers Duan * * * and wants Duan * * to be a prince. He asked Wu Gong many times, but Wu Gong refused.

When Zhuang Gong acceded to the throne, Wujiang sought audience with his uncle Duan * * * to make a city. Duke Zhuang said, "Governing a city is dangerous. Uncle Bi used to die there. If it is sealed to other cities, I can do what I say. " Wujiang asked for an uncle, and Zhuang Gong agreed to let him live there, calling him Uncle Jing. Doctor Ji Zhong said: "If the enclosed capital city wall is more than 300 feet long, it will become a scourge to the country. According to the former king's system, the largest city in the country should not exceed one third of the capital, the medium-sized city should not exceed one fifth and the small city should not exceed one ninth. The wall of Jingyi is illegal and is not allowed by the legal system. I am afraid it is not good for you. " Zhuang Gong said, "This is Jiang's wish. How can I avoid this scourge? " Ji Zhong replied, "When will Jiang's family be satisfied? It is better to deal with it as soon as possible, and don't let the curse grow and spread. Once it grows and spreads, it will be difficult. The spreading weeds can't be eradicated, let alone your beloved brother? " Duke Zhuang said, "If you do more injustice, you will collapse. Wait and see.

Before long, Duan betrayed Zheng in the western and northern border towns. The son Lu said, "A country cannot have two monarchs. What are you going to do now? If you want to give Zheng Guo to your uncle, then I will serve him; If not, please get rid of him and don't make people doubt. " Duke Zhuang said, "If you don't get rid of it, you will suffer from disaster." My uncle changed two border towns into places under his jurisdiction and extended them to Yanyan. Childe Lu said, "You can act! When the land expands, he will get the support of the people. " Duke Zhuang said, "If you are unjust, you will never kiss your brother. Although the land expands, it will collapse. "

Uncle built the city wall, gathered the people, trimmed the armor and weapons, and prepared chariots. He is going to attack Zheng. Wujiang intends to open the city gate as an insider. When Lord Zhuang heard of Duan Shu's sneak attack, he said, "You can attack!" He ordered Zifeng to take 200 cars to crusade against Jingyi. Jingyi's people betrayed Duan Shu, who fled to Yancheng. Zhuanggong chased Yancheng again to punish him. On May 23rd, Duan fled to the country of * * *.

"Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "Zheng Boke is in Yan." It means that Duan Shu doesn't obey the duty of being a younger brother, so he doesn't say that he is Zhuang Gong's younger brother. The two brothers fight like two kings, so they use the word "gram"; Calling Zhuanggong "Zheng Bo" is a mockery of his failure to teach his younger brother well. Get rid of * * * uncle section is out of Zheng Zhuanggong's intention, don't write * * * uncle section automatically run, it is difficult for historians to write.

Duke Zhuang placed the military commander in the city and vowed: "Never meet again until you reach the grave (buried in the ground after death)!" After a while, Zhuang Gong regretted it again. There is a man named Uncle Ying Kao, who is an official in charge of the border between Britain and Gu. Hearing this, he paid tribute to Zheng Zhuanggong. Duke Zhuang gave him food. Uncle yingkao kept the meat while eating. Zhuang Gong asked him why. Uncle Ying Kao replied, "I have an old lady. She has tasted everything I eat except the king's broth. Please let me take it back to her. " Zhuang Gong said, "You have an old lady to honor, but unfortunately, I don't!" Uncle Ying Kao said, "What do you mean?" Zhuang Gong told him the reason and the feeling of regret. Uncle Yingkao replied, "What are you worried about? Just dig a tunnel, dig out the spring water and meet each other in the tunnel. Who will say that you have broken your oath? " Zhuang Gong obeyed his words. Duke Zhuang entered the tunnel to meet the generals and wrote a poem: "How happy we are to meet in the big tunnel!" Wujiang walked out of the tunnel and wrote a poem: "How comfortable and happy it is to meet you outside the big tunnel!" Since then, they have resumed their previous mother-child relationship.

The gentleman said, "Uncle Ying Kao is a true dutiful son. He not only filial to his mother, but also extended this filial piety to Zheng Bo. The Book of Songs Ya Zuiwen said:' A dutiful son can always promote filial piety and influence his peers.' Probably for pure filial piety like Uncle Ying Kao? "

To annotate ...

Chu: At the beginning, this was the saying when recalling the past.

Dig Tu, son of the second monarch of Zheng.

Marry Shen Yu: Marry the wife of Shen Guo. Shen, the country name in the Spring and Autumn Period, surnamed Jiang, was born in the north of Nanyang City, Henan Province.

Wujiang: It's called Wujiang. Wu Jiang, my wife, "Jiang" is her maiden name, and "Wu" is her husband posthumous title of Wu Gong.

* * *(gūng) Uncle Duan: My younger brother, named Duan. He is younger among the brothers, so he is called "Uncle Duan".

We were born: a kind of dystocia, and the fetal foot came out. Say yes, no, no, no.

Surprise: surprise ginger with verbs.

One of the sins: so I hate him. Therefore, conjunctions, therefore. Evil, disgust.

Love: like, love.

(Qi) Ask Wu Gong: Ask Wu Gong many times. Urgent, repeated. Yu, preposition, item.

Gong Fuji: Wu Gong won't let her. Christopher, no.

And Zhuang Gong ascended the throne: It's time for Zhuang Gong to be the king. Also, preposition, to. Acceded to the throne, the monarch acceded to the throne.

System: Place name, namely Tiger Prison, northwest of Yang County, Xing (xíng), Henan Province.

Rock Town: A Dangerous Town. Locke, it's dangerous. A city is a place where people live together.

Uncle Gu died: Guo Guojun died there. Guo, an ancient name, was destroyed by Zheng. Words, prepositions and demonstrative pronouns are equivalent to "then" and "here"

The city is obedient: elsewhere, I am at your command. Well, the same as "he", demonstrative pronoun, other, other. Obey, only obey your orders.

Jing: Place name, southeast of Xingyang County, Henan Province.

Uncle tài: Uncle Beijing * * * Beijing. Tai and Tai are the same. Wang Li and Zhu write ancient and modern characters. Note in the paragraph of Shuowen: "Many words are too noisy, and later generations think that the description is too much, such as slaughter, vulgar slaughter, eldest son, vulgar prince and Zhou Wang vulgar king."

Zhài Zhong: doctor of Zheng State. Sacrifice: special pronunciation.

The capital is over 100 meter (zhiì): the wall of Du Yi is over 300 meters. Capital: In the twenty-eight years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong, the master of the ancestral temple in every city called Capital. Refers to a city that is second only to the national capital, but higher than the average city level. Pheasant: The ancient city wall is one foot long, one foot wide and one foot high, with three walls and a pheasant, which is three feet long.

The disaster of the country is also the disaster of the country.

King: The former king. Guo Xiliang's "Ancient Chinese Teaching Syllabus" is annotated as Zhou Guojun's text.

Most of them are just one of the countries (sān): the walls of big cities do not exceed one-third of the walls of capitals.

One-fifth: the walls of medium-sized cities do not exceed one-fifth of the walls of the capital city. Omit "one fifth of the country"

One of Xiao Jiu: The walls of small cities do not exceed one ninth of the walls of the capital. Omit "one ninth of countries"

Indecent: illegal.

Unconstrained: it was not established by the previous king.

Unbearable: unbearable and uncontrollable.

How to avoid evil: where to escape evil? Never put off till tomorrow what you can, the word "avoid" was used in ancient times.

What's so annoying? What's so annoying? What is satisfaction? Preposition object he: interrogative pronouns as object attributes. Refers to: pronouns, compound words refer to prepositional objects.

What is it? Give him a place, double object, just rearrange it.

Zómàn: Don't let it grow and spread, "nothing" means "nothing" (wú).

Figure: Remove.

Jude: Still so.

Conditions: What's more.

If you do more injustice, you will hang yourself; If you do more wrong, you will die. Death, the original meaning fell and collapsed. The meaning of "death" didn't come into being until the Han Dynasty.

C: temporarily, temporarily.

What happened: A fixed phrases, soon.

Command the west to despise the north (bǐ) for self-sufficiency: command the western and northern border cities that originally belonged to Zhuang Gong to also belong to themselves. It means: border town, from town, hum, border town. Two genera.

Lu Gongzi: Doctor.

Krishnamurti: Bear with it.

If so, what should I do to repair the structure? It refers to the matter that "uncle orders the west to despise himself".

Uncle Xiang He (tài): If you want to hand over the country to Uncle Duan * * *. Here, here.

I asked: Then I asked to serve him. Things, verbs, services.

Give birth to people's hearts: make people moved and make people's livelihood feel at heart.

Needless to say: no, "use" and "use" are universal and generally appear in a negative form.

Will be self-sufficient: will catch up with the disaster, Du pre-note: "Difficult to reach. And: catch up with the original meaning.

Take both for yourself: take what belongs to both for yourself. Two, refers to the two originally belonging to the west and the north. I think that the omission of "taking it as it".

Yan (lǐn) Yan: Place name, north of Yanjin County, Henan Province.

Thick will win many people: with strong power, you can get more people. The masses refer to the people.

Unjust, if you don't kiss, the thickness will collapse: * * Duan Shu is unjust to you, and the people will not get close to him, no matter how severe it is, it will collapse. Ni: Like Ni (an alien), close.

Gather: Build (battlements) and gather (people). That's it. It's fixed (Qi).

Armor repairer: Repairs armor and weapons used in combat. Repair, repair armor, armor. Soldiers and weapons.

Shènɡ: Prepare infantry and personnel carriers. I'm ready. A pawn, an infantry. Four carriages.

Attack: sneak attack. March without bells and drums. Du Pre-note: "Walk lightly to cover up its unprepared." Originally derogatory, it gradually became a neutral word.

Madame will announce that Wujiang is uncle Duan's inside man. Madam, this refers to Wujiang. Kai, open the gate, that's right. Kai, verb usage.

Announcement: Duke Zhuang heard about the date of the sneak attack.

Handsome car 200 times: 200 chariots. Handsome, ahead. In ancient times, each chariot was equipped with three soldiers and seventy-two soldiers. 200 times, * * * military 600 people, 14,400 people.

Treason: betrayal.

Enter: escape.

Zhu Yan's public feeling: Zhuang Gong attacked Shu in Yan Yi. Zhu: To Yu, homophonic.

Xin Chou: the anniversary of the dry branch. Heavenly stems: A, B, P, D, E, G, N, N earthly branches: Zi Chou Mao Yinchen Si (s √) did not apply for the afternoon (xū) Hai. These two kinds of matches were used to record days and years after the Han Dynasty. That is, the 23rd.

Escape * * *: flee to * * * country (asylum). Run! run!

No brother: No brother. It is the same as "father is not father, son is not son". "Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "Zheng Boke is in Yan." It means uncle Duan doesn't keep his duty as a brother.

For example, the second monarch, therefore: two brothers fight like two monarchs, so use the word "gram"; Dick, get over it

Calling Zhuanggong "Zheng Bo" is also a mockery of his brother's apostasy. Irony, irony. Failing to teach, Zhuang had the responsibility to teach his younger brother, but he didn't.

It turned out that it was intended to get rid of Duan Shu. Will, will.

If you don't say it, it's a long story: if you don't write Duan Shu, it's difficult for historians to write.

Min: the common name of "set". Place, exile.

Swear: Swear to her to move.

Yellow spring: underground spring, which means grave and death.

Regret: regret moving.

Uncle Ying Kao: Dr. Zheng Guo, in charge of Yinggu (now Dengfeng West, Henan Province).

SEAL: The local governor in charge of the border. Seal: collect soil and plant trees. The ancient frontier was bounded by trees (ditches), so it was a border sign.

Make a contribution: Make a contribution. As an object, nouns provide.

Food given: something given to him. Double object.

Restaurant meat: put the meat aside when eating. Sheshe, Sheshe's ancient word.

Taste: Yes.

Soup: Meat with juice. Erya Shi Qi: "Meat is soup."

Legacy (wèi): Give it to her.

I am alone: I am alone! Yi: The modal particles at the beginning of the sentence are not translated.

What is it? What do you mean by asking? Dare: respectful adverb, take the liberty.

Therefore: therefore, I swear to Jiang.

Regret: The feeling of regret.

Why: What are you worried about? Yan: So.

Que: dig, dig.

Meet through the tunnel: dig a tunnel and meet there. Tunnel, tunnel, used as a verb here, refers to digging a tunnel.

Who says no: Who can say no (not in line with the oath)? First, mood auxiliary words, strengthen the tone of rhetorical questions. However, pronoun, Zhuang Gong's oath to Jiang.

Fu: Fu poetry, Confucius book: "Therefore, it is called self-writing poetry."

In the big tunnel, the fun is also harmonious: it is really enjoyable to walk into the tunnel.

Outside the tunnel, the fun is also released (y √): how cheerful I am when I get out of the tunnel. Harmony: ancient winter rhyme, modern rhyme. Externally, vent: Gu Yue rhymes, but it doesn't rhyme today.

I became a mother and son as before: from then on, I became a mother and son as before.

Gentleman: A person with high moral standards.

History and Zhuang Gong: History and Yan. Extending to Zhuanggong.

The dutiful son is not in the room, and the class is full. Tin, here, here.

Its meaning is almost: its, indicating speculative mood, its, structural auxiliary word, auxiliary word preposition object.

Artistic feature

1。 These characters have distinct personalities. Zheng Zhuanggong is cunning and cunning. It is mainly manifested in "letting go of one's own desires and raising one's own evils to make it succeed" (in the dialect of Song Dynasty, see Donglai Boyi), which fully exposed Uncle Duan's "injustice". So when the Chiang family "invited Beijing" and the big uncle "accepted two", he tried his best to satisfy them and refused the suggestions of ministers. But * * * uncle "will attack zheng", pre-emptive, rushed him "* * *", eliminate future trouble. Zhuang Gong's insidiousness is also manifested in his treatment of his mother's obvious violation of principles (such as "inviting Beijing") without dissuading him; Treat your brother's deviant behavior (such as "accepting two") and never educate him. He is interested in the development of tertiary malignancy. Uncle Duan is arrogant, greedy and stupid. He was indulged by his mother and acted recklessly. After getting the capital, they expanded their sphere of influence and sent troops to rebel everywhere in an attempt to seize the whole state of Zheng. His stupidity is that he only knows "greed" and has no "scheming". He had no idea that the duke of Zhuang laid a tight encirclement on him and made him "self-indulgent", but in the end he was "defeated and fled". Jiang, a lady, is unprincipled and eccentric. Zhuang Gongsheng was dystocia and regarded it as an enemy, regardless of the patriarchal clan system principle, and wanted to abolish the long and establish the young; Did not achieve the goal, but also for * * * "please make", "please Beijing", and even want to be * * * "uncle, in an attempt to destroy Zhuang Gong, and Zhuang Gong has no mother-child feelings.

2。 The narrative clues are clear. The author firmly grasps the clue of contradiction and conflict with Jiang and Duan Shu, and arranges narrative clues around the center of power struggle. The first part (the first paragraph) explains the nature and reasons of the contradiction; The second part (paragraphs 2-4) describes the occurrence and development of contradictions and conflicts; The third part (paragraphs 5-6) describes the climax and ending of the contradiction. When describing the incident, Zhuang Gong is the main one, which saves a lot of pen and ink, making the article not only clear in clues, but also concise in words.

3。 The writing is meticulous and appropriate. There are two detailed places in Zheng Boke Duan Yanyu. One is ZhuangGong side to discuss against uncle * * *. The dialogue between Zhuanggong and Jizhong and Gongzi Lu was written in detail to show Zhuanggong's foresight. At the same time also confessed * * * uncle "lay". The other is "Digging Mother", which promotes the Confucian "filial piety". Zheng Boke Duan briefly describes Uncle Jiang's "invitation system" and "invitation to Beijing" and Uncle Duan's defeat. This meticulous arrangement is conducive to highlighting the theme.

Make an appreciative comment

Duan Yanyu by Zheng Boke is a fragment of the chronological history book Zuo Zhuan, but it looks like a complete and beautiful narrative prose. This article presents this historical event that happened more than 2,700 years ago to our eyes, which makes us seem to have really entered just visiting, and listened face to face to face to the historical old man about the origin, occurrence, development and final outcome of this event. From this, not only let us know the real situation of this historical event, but also let us see the inner world of the relevant figures, and then realize the sharpness and cruelty of the internal power struggle of the supreme ruler of Zheng State.

There are many reasons for the artistic effect of Duan Yanyu by Zheng Boke, but the main reason is the narrative method. This paper does not directly describe the development process of the event, but closely grasps the development logic of the characters and their words and deeds to describe it. In this way, we not only clearly see that it is the internal character of the relevant characters that determines the development and outcome of the event; At the same time, we can see the inner character of the relevant characters more clearly in the development and ending of the event.

Through Duan Yanyu by Zheng Boke, we can also deeply understand an overall writing feature of Zuo Zhuan, that is, there is no distinction between praise and criticism, and both praise and criticism are in it. This technique is also used in the book Spring and Autumn Annals. That is, it is often said later that "Spring and Autumn brushwork". That's what we said, sinister, eccentric and indulgent, Duan Shu is insatiable. The author didn't tell us directly, but expressed it vividly through their words and deeds. A good narrative work, in the process of telling and describing the story truly and objectively, will naturally appear the author's tendency.

Zheng Boke Duan Yan Yu has a complete structure, ups and downs and vivid characters. In particular, it vividly depicts Zheng Zhuanggong's wily character. First seal uncle Duan in Beijing, then let him be extravagant, make the west look down on himself, then "take two as his own city" and finally "cut off all the Yan" Some people think that. Some people think that he deliberately "corrects his evil". This is the first story in the Spring and Autumn Period. In addition to explaining that many grievances will lead to his own death, he also talked about his brother's filial piety, as well as the filial piety and the sense of monarch and minister shown by Uncle Ying Kao and Zhuang Gong digging up his mother. It is a classic in the story of filial piety.

At the end of Mother and Child Still, some people call it an ugly play, which is no exaggeration. A typical person like Jiang and his mother who have long lost their common humanity, after a life-and-death struggle, can they still talk about family happiness without any bad feelings? What's more, the seeds of resentment were planted at birth, and the word "early" of "mother and child as before" lacked basis and seemed reluctant. The bloody battle has already torn the thin coat of "filial piety" that the ruling class has tried to preach to pieces. No wonder historians' comments on this matter are also embarrassing. "The dutiful son is not in the room, but always in the class." This is what the author said for Uncle Ying Kao. Always be filial to your family. It seems that Zheng Zhuanggong was infected by Yingkao's uncle and filial mother. In fact, it was only Zhuang Gong who took this opportunity to go down the slope. The reason why he accepted Uncle Ying's suggestion gladly was just to mend these worn-out coats and cover up the dirty body and ugly soul that had been completely exposed. This is also the trick of treacherous people through the ages, because here Zheng Zhuanggong concentrated on his hypocrisy, and hypocrisy is always accompanied by ugliness.

reading comprehension

This is a very popular story about fighting with a typical brother.

People often use "being close as brothers" to describe the depth of feelings, and also use "being close as brothers and knowing how to settle accounts" to illustrate the relationship between feelings and conflicts of interest. We know from our own life experience that family ties are often fragile, and driven by interests, family ties are far from enough to resolve conflicts caused by interests.

Of course, the struggle between brothers is not completely devoid of right and wrong, nor is it completely devoid of justice and truth. For example, in the power struggle with Duan Shu, according to the traditional concept, the eldest son is the natural heir to the throne, which is a "natural law" and cannot be violated. In this way, Zheng Zhuanggong represents a reasonable and legal political party, and Uncle * * *'s attempt to seize the throne is unreasonable and illegal.

The party representing justice is often full of "righteousness" and can speak freely. If you beat the drum and attack it, you can sit still and wait for death, and you can be condescending. Therefore, Zheng Zhuanggong can proudly say in a prophetic tone: "If you do more injustice, you will die."

Regardless of this story, "many lines of injustice will kill you" is also a universal truth, just like "more help from the Tao, less help from the Tao". It can almost be said that all evil people, schemers, and people who violate the law and discipline have no good end, and will eventually shoot themselves in the foot.

However, it is obviously stupid to sit still and wait for the perpetrators to "hang themselves", which is tantamount to sitting still, and it is likely that the perpetrators will take advantage of it. We should believe what Chairman Mao said: "If we don't strike anything reactionary, he won't fall. As usual, the dust won't run away without a broom. " Therefore, instead of waiting for death, it is better to stand up and fight and deal with a man as he deals with you.

In this way, it is reasonable to control evil with evil, violence with evil and intrigue with each other within a certain range. Truth and morality can always be defended in some way. Belief in truth and morality can never replace practical and effective actions. Just like robbers breaking into our homes, it is impossible to stop robbers from robbing with good wishes and faith in justice. Only by taking up arms, fighting the robbers and driving them out of the house can we safeguard our beliefs, truth and justice be proved and defended.

Confucian tradition has always advocated the unity of knowing and doing, and the consistency of words and deeds. The truth recognized in the heart, the conviction of principles in thoughts and speeches must be embodied in practical actions, so that truth and principles can become the guide of action. If we can do this, we are not terrible beasts, nor are we invincible and conquered. The key is not the other side, but whether you can stand up and how to stand up so that the east wind can overwhelm the west wind.

Creation background

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the royal family of Zhou Dynasty gradually declined, and the war of annexation between vassal states began, and the power struggle among the internal rulers of various countries also intensified. In the year of seclusion (772 BC), Zheng's younger brother Gong Duan plotted to seize his younger brother's throne. When Zhuang Gong found out, he cleverly calculated and took the means of playing hard to get, inducing Duan Shu to push his luck and become more arrogant, and then defeated Duan Gong in Yan State, making him "run away".