Two knowledge points required for geography in the first volume of high school

1. The second compulsory knowledge point for geography in the first volume of senior high school

1. The geographical boundaries of my country’s population distribution

Generally speaking, Heihe City in Heilongjiang Province and Tengchong City in Yunnan Province Draw a straight line as the boundary. The southeast of the line is more populated and the northwest of the line is less populated.

2. Topographic ladder boundary

(1) The boundary between the first ladder and the second ladder: starting from the Kunlun Mountains in the west, passing through the Qilian Mountains and going southeast to the eastern edge of the Hengduan Mountains.

(2) The boundary between the second step and the third step: from northeast to southwest are the Daxingan Mountains, Taihang Mountains, Wushan Mountains, and Xuefeng Mountains.

3. Topographic boundary

(1) The boundary between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Northeast Plain: Daxinganling.

(2) The boundary between the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain: Taihang Mountains.

(3) The boundary between the Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain: Wushan.

(4) The boundary between Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Hengduan Mountains.

(5) The boundary between the Junggar Basin and the Tarim Basin: the Tianshan Mountains.

(6) The boundary between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Tarim Basin: the Kunlun Mountains.

(7) The boundary between the Loess Plateau and the Hanshui Valley: Qinling Mountains.

(8) The boundary between the Hexi Corridor and the Qaidam Basin: Qilian Mountains.

(9) The boundary between Sichuan Basin and Hanshui Valley: Daba Mountains.

(10) The boundary between the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the Loess Plateau: the ancient Great Wall.

(11) The boundary between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain and the North China Plain: Huaihe River.

4. Climatic boundaries

(1) January 0℃ isotherm (also the boundary between XX tropical and warm temperate zones and plateau climate zones): generally along the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, toward It passes through the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in the east.

(2) 800 mm constant precipitation line (the boundary between humid and semi-humid areas): along the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, passing eastward through the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River.

(3) 400 mm constant precipitation line (the boundary between semi-humid and semi-arid areas): from the western slope of the Greater Khingan Mountains through the vicinity of Zhangjiakou, Lanzhou, and Lhasa to the eastern Himalayas.

(4) The 200 mm constant precipitation line (the boundary between semi-arid and arid areas): roughly passes through the Yinshan Mountains, Helan Mountains, Qilian Mountains, Bayan Hara Mountains and the Gangdise Mountains.

5. River boundaries

(1) The boundary between the outflow area and the inflow area: the northern section is roughly along the Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Qilian Mountain (eastern end) line, and the southern section is relatively Close to the 200 mm precipitation line.

(2) The watershed between the Yangtze River system and the Yellow River system: the Bayan Hara Mountains and the Qinling Mountains.

(3) The watershed between the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system: Nanling.

(4) The watershed between Lancang River and Nujiang River: Nushan.

(5) The watershed between the Yangtze River Basin and the southeast coastal river basins: Wuyi Mountain.

2. Two compulsory knowledge points for geography in the first volume of high school

(1) Sugar industry (sugar cane sugar factory, beet sugar factory), aquatic product processing industry, fruit canning factory ——It should be laid out near the raw material area; the layout type is raw material oriented; the reason is: sugar industry-the weight loss from raw materials to products is large and the transportation cost is high. Aquatic product processing industry, fruit canning factory - raw materials are easy to deteriorate and are not convenient for long-distance transportation.

(2) Breweries, general furniture factories, printing factories, and petrochemical plants - should be close to the market; the layout type is market-oriented. The reason is: the product is not convenient for long-distance transportation or the product freight cost is high.

(3) Aluminum smelting plant, copper smelting plant, electroplating plant - should be close to the energy supply area (hydropower station or thermal power station). The layout type is power directional. The reason is: it consumes a lot of energy.

(4) Electronic assembly industry, ordinary clothing, shoes and hats, bags, umbrellas, ordinary toys, etc. - should be laid out close to places with abundant labor force; the layout type is labor-oriented. The reason is that production requires a large amount of labor, and labor wages account for a large proportion of production costs.

(5) Integrated circuits, polymer synthesis, lasers, precision instruments, aerospace, aircraft manufacturing, etc. - should be located in technologically developed areas near scientific research institutions and colleges and universities; the layout type is technology-oriented type. The reason is: high technical requirements. Dominant factors - talent and transportation (or knowledge and technology)

(6) Layout requirements for some special industries: Weather stations - require a place with a clean environment and high terrain; photosensitive equipment factory - requirements The environment is clean and beautiful; water plants - generally should be located in the upper reaches of the river, where the water quality is good.

(7) For polluting industries, the main types of pollution should be considered: air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, etc. Therefore, the wind direction, water source, river flow direction, and distance from residential areas should be taken into consideration when choosing a location. distance, and establish sanitary protective belts (green belts) between industrial areas and residential areas.

3. The second compulsory knowledge point for Geography in the first volume of high school

1. The main types of industrial connections are:

① Product connections; (Industrial departments are interconnected with each other Providing raw materials or supporting products)

② Spatial connection; (different industrial sectors use public infrastructure)

③ Information connection

2 .Industrial connections form industrial agglomeration—generating industrial agglomeration benefits—mainly including: expanding overall production capacity; reducing costs; and increasing profits.

3. Over-concentration of industry will lead to tight supplies of raw materials, fuels, energy, and water resources, causing traffic jams, aggravating pollution, and other problems.

4. Conditions for the formation of industrial regions:

(1) Natural conditions - resource status (mineral resources: such as coal, iron, or others; water resources)

(2) Traffic conditions (roads, railways, water transportation, etc.)

(3) Industrial basic conditions;

(4) Labor force conditions;

(5) Market conditions;

(6) Technical conditions;

(7) Agricultural foundation and other aspects. In addition, in terms of policies, the economic hinterland can also be considered.

4. The second compulsory knowledge point of geography in the first volume of high school

The Nanning-Kunming Railway runs from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, to Kunming, the capital of Yunnan. Along the way, it passes through karst landforms with complex geological conditions, complex terrain, high mountains and valleys. It is a railway with the highest technical level among the railways built in my country. It is an important access to the sea in southwest my country, which is conducive to the development of local rich non-ferrous metal resources and high-quality tourism resources, improving transportation in the southwest and promoting economic development.

The Southern Xinjiang Railway starts from Turpan in the east and ends in Kashgar in the west. There are rich oil resources along the way and it is an important long-staple cotton production base in my country.

The West-East Gas Pipeline starts from Lunnan in the Tarim Basin in the west and ends in Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta in my country.

For the west: transform local resource advantages into economic advantages and promote the economic development of the region;

For the east:

① Alleviating energy shortages and benefiting the economy Development

②Improve the energy consumption structure and protect the quality of the atmospheric environment.

Reasons for the development of inland river shipping in Europe:

① The climate is humid and the water is abundant;

② The terrain is vast and plain, the water flow is gentle, the river network is dense, and the river navigation mileage is long.

5. The second compulsory knowledge point for geography in the first volume of high school

What is the socio-economic significance of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway?

① Accelerate the development of the western region, transform local resource advantages into economic advantages, and promote the economic development of areas along the route.

② It is conducive to national unity and maintaining political and social stability in my country’s western border.

③It is conducive to promoting the development of local tourism.

④It is conducive to consolidating national defense;

⑤It is conducive to the rational layout of the national transportation network.

Among the four pre-selection plans for railway lines into Tibet (Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Yunnan-Tibet Railway, Sichuan-Tibet Railway, Gansu-Tibet Railway), why choose the Qinghai-Tibet Railway?

　①Most areas along the route are flat;

　②The line is the shortest and the total investment is minimal;

　③Technology to overcome frozen soil

6 .Second knowledge points of geography compulsory course in the first volume of high school grade 1

The impact of urbanization on the geographical environment

1. Problems arising in the process of urbanization:

(1) Decline in environmental quality

　(2) Traffic congestion and poor living conditions

　(3) Increased employment difficulties and an increase in the number of unemployed

　2. Urbanization’s impact on the geographical environment Impact:

(1) Promote population transformation - increase employment opportunities, and gradually transfer labor from the primary industry to the second and tertiary industries;

(2) Conducive to improving the industrial structure ——Promote rural development and help improve regional industrial structure;

(3) Promote industrial development-improve industrial production efficiency;

(4) Promote scientific and technological progress-big cities are Science and technology innovation base and information exchange center to promote scientific and technological progress and informatization improvement;

(5) Change culture, ideas, and concepts - urban culture spreads and penetrates into rural areas, affecting rural areas in all aspects, benefiting cities and rural areas exchanges between urban and rural areas to narrow the development gap between urban and rural areas.

3. Main measures to solve urban environmental problems:

(1) Strictly control the scale of large cities, decentralize their functions, build new districts and satellite cities, and strive to promote suburban urbanization to alleviate environmental problems. Pressure in urban central areas;

(2) Improve urban transportation and living conditions, protect and manage the urban environment;

(3) Carry out reasonable planning for the city, and strengthen urban management , properly handle the relationship between the city's functional zones.

4. Ways to reduce the impact of urbanization on the geographical environment:

On the one hand, in urban construction, develop low-pollution, energy-saving buildings and green transportation to reduce the impact of various activities on the environment. Pollution;

On the other hand, the urban landscape should be as coordinated as possible with the natural landscape such as mountains, rivers, and lakes, vegetation, and establish a virtuous cycle. In order to coordinate urban development with society and the environment, the goal of building and developing "ecological cities" has been proposed.