Reaction conditions of industrial synthetic ammonia

The reaction conditions of industrial synthetic ammonia are: high temperature of 400 ~ 500℃, pressure of 30 ~ 50 MPa and catalyst.

Analysis:

According to the factors affecting the chemical reaction rate: temperature, concentration, pressure, catalyst, contact area; The factors that affect the movement of chemical equilibrium: temperature, concentration, pressure and other knowledge combined with actual industrial production to answer.

The high temperature of 400 ~ 500℃ is adopted in the industrial production of synthetic ammonia. One is to consider the activity of catalyst, the other is to improve the reaction rate and shorten the time to reach equilibrium. The pressure of 30 ~ 50 MPa is used to ensure high reaction rate and yield and pressure resistance of the equipment.

Brief introduction of synthetic ammonia industry;

A basic inorganic chemical. Ammonia is the main raw material of chemical fertilizer industry and basic organic chemical industry. Because ammonia can be processed into nitric acid, nitric acid production is often classified as synthetic ammonia industry in modern chemical industry. The synthetic ammonia industry was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. As the raw material of explosive industry, ammonia served the war. After World War I, it turned to serve agriculture and industry.

With the development of science and technology, the demand for ammonia is increasing. Since 1950s, the composition of synthetic ammonia raw materials has changed greatly, and the synthetic ammonia industry has developed rapidly in recent 30 years.

Characteristics of synthetic ammonia industry:

1, the technology is complex and intensive:

Ammonia synthesis is a gas-solid catalytic reaction process in the presence of catalyst at high temperature and high pressure. Because ammonia synthesis catalysts (see inorganic chemical catalysts) are easily poisoned by sulfur compounds, carbon oxides and water vapor (see catalyst poisoning).

However, the feed gas made of various fuels contains different amounts of these substances, so it is necessary to remove harmful substances before sending the feed gas to ammonia synthesis. Therefore, the total process of synthetic ammonia production is long and the process is complex. According to different raw materials, the purification methods are different and there are many processes (see ammonia).

2, closely related to the energy industry:

Synthetic ammonia production usually takes various fuels as raw materials, and at the same time, fuel is needed to supply energy in the production process. Therefore, synthetic ammonia is a chemical product that consumes a lot of energy. The theoretical energy consumption per ton of liquid ammonia is 2 1.28GJ, and the actual energy consumption is far greater than the theoretical energy consumption, which varies with raw materials, factory scale, technology and management level.