What kind of market are college students facing at present?

Analysis of the reasons for the contradiction between supply and demand in the current job market for college students

Release date: 212-5-2

At present, the world economy is transforming from an industrial society to a knowledge-based economy society. In order to meet the arrival of the knowledge-based economy era, China's colleges and universities continue to expand the enrollment scale, and the number of college students is increasing rapidly. The Employment and Income Distribution Department of the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Report on Analysis and Suggestions on the Employment Situation in the First Quarter of 211, which pointed out that in the second half of 211, there will be 6.6 million college graduates, nearly 3, more than last year, and more than 7 million secondary schools, vocational high schools, technical schools and "two-generation students" (surplus labor from poor families who failed to continue their studies after graduating from junior and senior high schools) will enter the human resources market. However, with the gradual formation of the market-oriented employment mechanism of "two-way choice and free employment" and the continuous adjustment of industrial structure in China, the society has put forward higher requirements for the comprehensive quality of workers, resulting in a large number of job vacancies; Under the influence of the above situation, the employment market of college students presents a strange phenomenon of contradiction between supply and demand, and the specific reasons are attributed to the following aspects:

First, some disadvantages existing in the operation of colleges and universities affect the benign supply of college students in the employment market:

Some colleges and universities have a tendency to "reject the market". Most colleges and universities in China are characterized by small scale, high dependence on the government, few types of specialties and slow updating. With the development of colleges and universities, these aspects show a stable trend, but the wave of market economy has a more and more profound impact on colleges and universities. The decision makers affected by individual rationality are reluctant to cancel traditional majors and simply reconstruct some emerging majors on the original basis. In addition, it is difficult for them to do a lot of market research regularly and analyze what kind of majors have strong competitiveness, which makes some professional settings misplaced with market demand. The limited teaching staff can't meet the teaching needs, which makes the knowledge and skills acquired by college students difficult to meet the market demand. For example, there is a great demand for graduates majoring in electronic information technology, finance and marketing in the current market, but it is difficult to recruit a large number of students due to the shortage of teachers in colleges and universities, poor hardware conditions and unreasonable professional system settings. The unpopular majors such as agriculture, forestry, geology and mining are reluctant to recruit less because of the relatively sufficient teachers. The current situation that the adjustment of professional structure lags behind the adjustment of market structure seriously restricts the employment scope and competitiveness of traditional graduates. ①

The characteristics of "weak practicality" and "low practicality" in the design of professional content in colleges and universities. On the one hand, the university is clear in virtue, close to the people, and stops at perfection. Therefore, colleges and universities pay attention to the dissemination and inheritance of theoretical knowledge in the early stage of construction, which will inevitably make the teaching content of colleges and universities less practical: practical teaching materials are lagging behind, experimental equipment is backward, and practical teaching teachers are insufficient. On the other hand, the one-way "spoon-feeding" traditional education mode between teachers and students in China and the lack of teaching methods combining theory with practice further reduce the practicality of teaching content in colleges and universities. In reality, the teaching process is carried out in classrooms or laboratories, and the time of class and experiment class is also strictly regulated, which increases the difficulty for colleges and universities to improve their teaching practicality and reduces their teaching practicality.

The imperfect employment service in some colleges and universities has softened the talent supply mechanism to some extent. Although in recent years, most colleges and universities in China have invested special funds to establish "employment service centers for college students", they have not formed a relatively stable and complete employment service system for college students, and the theoretical research and methodology of employment guidance in colleges and universities are not systematic, and the maneuverability is not strong (emphasizing form and neglecting construction; Pay more attention to theory than practice; Heavy quantity, light culture). In reality, many related contents and information about college employment guidance are out of date, and some items are only in form and lack of actual content. Some surveys also point out that most colleges and universities' career guidance only focuses on graduates, ignoring the education and training of freshmen, which also affects the final solution of college students' employment problem to some extent.

In short, the mismatch between college students' knowledge education and future employment makes the contradiction between supply and demand in the college students' employment market prominent. With the emergence of new knowledge and technology, the unreasonable specialty setting in colleges and universities and the inadequate employment service, the comprehensive employment ability of college students can not meet the market requirements and can not enter the job market smoothly.

Second, the lack of government work has affected college students' good employment.

The lack of government work has caused college students to get in touch with the talent market-the information channel is not smooth. In the era of "information explosion", mastering effective and reasonable information plays an extremely important role in solving the employment problem of college students themselves. In April, 28, China launched the "Three-dimensional Platform of National College Students' Employment Service". ② However, there is no perfect employment information system in China's employment service system, resulting in a serious "information asymmetry" problem in reality. In addition, China's employment market is mainly concentrated in tangible markets such as two-way selection meetings and campus special job fairs. The employment market for college graduates is too single to provide effective employment information for graduates in time.

The government's inadequate work leads to the imbalance in the employment market structure of college students in the eastern, central and western regions, urban and rural areas and so on. According to the theory of resource endowment in economics, the eastern region makes full use of the advantages of region, talents, information and technology to make the local economy develop rapidly. In contrast, the development of the central and western regions is relatively slow, which leads to a serious imbalance in the employment market structure of college students. The selection of employment areas is too centralized in job selection criteria: most of them go to the economically developed and rapidly developing eastern cities, and they prefer to "live above" and "live below" in the "ant field" Furthermore, influenced by the dual economic structure, the traditional rural economy has developed slowly, resulting in a large surplus of rural labor force, low marginal income of labor force and low rural income, and many college graduates are unwilling to work in the countryside; With the rapid development of urban modern industry, the demand for urban labor force is increasing, and the marginal income of labor force is high and income is high. With the gradual reduction of the restrictions on the household registration system in China since the reform and opening up, a large number of rural surplus labor began to enter the cities, which led to a serious imbalance in the urban labor market and a more serious unemployment problem for college students.

Third, the problems existing in college students' comprehensive quality and career choice view lead to the intensification of the contradiction between supply and demand in the job market

When they first entered the university, college students generally had a fluky psychology, thinking that they planned their lives too early in the freshman stage, slackened their own planning and development goals, failed to make good career planning or had poor quality planning, which hindered college students from giving full play to their advantages in employment to some extent. In addition, in universities that should be filled with a strong atmosphere of study and scientific research, there is a disharmonious landscape-skipping classes. There is a phrase circulating on the campus of the university: Freshman is an "intern", who observes and accumulates, looks at opportunities and occasionally escapes; Sophomore students are "skilled workers" who prioritize and escape as appropriate; Junior year is an "old slick", so skipping class is not negotiable. This seriously affects the cultivation of college students' employability. The weakening of employability further affects the benign supply of college students in the job market.

In addition, college students show a utilitarian tendency in choosing jobs. When choosing jobs, they are more inclined to choose economically developed areas and pay more attention to the economic treatment given by the unit to individuals. This utilitarian tendency will also induce some college students to be irrational when choosing jobs, which will lead to unreasonable employment expectations of college students. They always expect superior working environment, higher salary and better welfare, but ignore their own development space in the unit. This unreasonable concept of job selection also affects the benign supply of college students in the job market.

Under the existing employment model, some universities from economically backward areas are afraid of falling behind and being marginalized, and they lack the initiative to participate in the job search and the sense of competition, and their confidence and courage are insufficient, which leads to their loss of employment opportunities. On the contrary, other students with superior family conditions have unrealistic expectations for their work units and disdain the treatment provided by the recruiting units, resulting in setbacks in the employment process.

Fourth, the development concept of enterprises affects the benign needs of college students in the job market

For job seekers with low academic qualifications, employers do not need to compensate their academic capital too much, and they have greater employment opportunities. Influenced by the wrong idea of employing people and short-sighted behavior, the employer thinks that the current turnover rate of social personnel is high, as long as it can meet the needs of the current position. If the ability and quality of college students can't meet the requirements of enterprises in a short time, enterprises are not willing to hire college students. In short, driven by profit maximization, when the marginal income of human capital is zero or even negative, employers are unwilling to continue to invest in human resources. In addition, some employers exaggerate the immaturity of college students, and consider social experience most. When recruiting and assessing, they often set some unrealistic conditions, which makes the employment of graduates even more difficult.

five, family and other special related factors have affected the supply and demand of college students and the realization of their employment

With the continuous improvement of national living standards over the past 3 years of reform and opening up, the dependence of young college students on their families has gradually increased. Families can fully support the lives of their next generation, leading to the emergence of deformed groups: "NEET". To a certain extent, this makes college students who are about to be employed or to be employed have no sense of crisis and urgency in employment, which has a certain impact on the current supply of college students' employment market. In fact, traditional family education makes college students subconsciously form a concept with China characteristics: people think that going to college is the only way out. As long as they go to college, they can turn over, bid farewell to their life facing the loess and get a decent job in the city, which limits the employment scope of college students to some extent. For example, college students rarely take the initiative to work in places with poor conditions such as the west and grassroots.

In addition, China's social security system is not perfect, and many elderly people are not included in the social security system. In addition, China's high housing prices, rapid price growth and rising living costs of residents have caused many people who have reached retirement age to still occupy a large number of jobs, which has compressed the jobs of young people.

In order to resolve this contradiction, colleges and universities should pay close attention to the development of the job market through teaching reform and design teaching plans, teaching methods and teaching contents that meet the needs of the market and satisfy students. The government should realize all-round cooperation in employment guidance, employment policy, network construction and information service through the employment service system to create a favorable employment environment for college students. College students should cultivate themselves into talents that meet the needs of the market through various channels. In a word, it needs the efforts and cooperation of universities, governments, students, etc. to alleviate the degree of contradiction between supply and demand in the employment market for college students and its negative effects, and realize the full utilization and optimal allocation of human resources, which is of great practical significance for building a harmonious socialist society, promoting China's economic development and the reform of China's higher education.

Conclusion

Hu Angang, a famous economist and professor of Tsinghua University, also pointed out that in the process of high-speed industrialization in China, the continuous adjustment of industrial and economic structure has brought about structural contradictions in the middle and senior labor markets, and these factors will not change fundamentally before 22. As the backbone of the new generation in society, college students should also undertake the responsibility of building their hometown and motherland when seeking opportunities for their own survival. Young people are strong and China is strong. In the process of employment, we should shoulder our more important mission, apply what we have learned in our posts, think deeply about our work and put forward constructive suggestions, so as to improve the scientific and rational operation of the whole place and further promote the development of the whole society.

Notes:

① Song Zhiling: "On the Causes and Countermeasures of College Students' Employment Difficulties", China Adult Education in August 26

② Speech at the launching ceremony of "Three-dimensional Service Platform for National College Students' Employment" On April 25, 28, Minister of Education Zhou Ji

③ Employability is a characteristic that modern enterprise employers expect employees to have in the 21st century.

References:

[1] Yang Lijing, Niu Yonghong. College students should pay attention to the cultivation of ability [J]. Science and Technology and Economy, 26(4).

[2] You Min. Study on the relationship between college students' career choice behavior and mental health under employment pressure [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 21 (1). 21(4).

[4] Chen Zhilun. Cultivation and construction of college students' scientific concept of career choice under the new situation [J]. Modern educational science, 21 (5).

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What are the ways for college students to understand the market demand?

1 Going to various recruitment websites to browse the latest recruitment trends is helpful to understand the demand direction of market talents.

2.

A friend at the job fair introduced me to submit my resume online and went to find it myself.