What production equipment do ordinary mushroom farms generally need?

Mushrooms, also known as edible fungi, edible fungi and edible fungi, refer to the general name of edible large fungi with fruiting bodies. Edible fungi are widely distributed all over the earth, and are most abundant in forest deciduous areas. Edible fungi are ideal natural food or multifunctional food. So far, the most eaten edible fungi in the world are called Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as mushrooms. \x0d\ Overview \x0d\ At present, there are many methods to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus in China. There are international leading technologies such as indoor seedbed cultivation, intercropping of corn or soybean with Pleurotus ostreatus, plastic greenhouse cultivation, conventional biochemical and high-temperature reaction for ripening at room temperature, and anti-pollution dual treatment to improve the culture medium without cooking and infection. Indoor bed planting \x0d\ Generally, mushroom planting sites need production equipment, such as greenhouses and heaters, and heating equipment is needed in winter. Specific equipment and facilities are as follows: \x0d\ mushroom house construction \x0d\ existing vacant rooms and basements can be transformed into mushroom houses. You can also build a new mushroom house if you have the conditions. Mushroom room should face south and be located in a place with high terrain, close to water source and convenient drainage. The area suitable for indoor cultivation in mushroom house is 20 square meters. The roof and walls should be thick, and the layout of doors and windows should be reasonable, which is conducive to heat preservation, moisture retention, ventilation and light transmission. It is best to brush the interior walls and floors with lime and polish them with cement for disinfection. In addition, a simple mushroom house can be built, that is, a semi-underground mushroom house with a distance of 1.5-2.0 meters from the ground. In order to make full use of the space in the mushroom house, a bedstead can also be set in the mushroom house for cultivation. Bedframes are arranged north and south. Don't lean against the surrounding walls. There is a 60 cm wide walkway between the bedsteads. The upper and lower floors are 50 cm apart, and the lower floor is 20 cm from the ground. Do not take the upper floor over the window, so as not to affect the light. The width of the bed surface shall not exceed 1 m, which is convenient for management. Spread wooden boards, bamboo poles or straw curtains on the bed surface. \x0d\ Pleurotus ostreatus intercropping \x0d\ 1. Cultivation time: After shoveling for three times at the end of June, plant mushrooms in the furrows of corn or soybean. Because the leaves and branches of corn or soybean grow luxuriantly in July and August, the ridges and ditches are well sealed and the humidity is high, which is just suitable for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body. \x0d\2。 Culture material: select whole-axis corncob or whole bundle of beanstalk, soak it in 2% lime water for 24 hours, then take it out, and control the excess water for later use. \x0d\3。 Cultivation method: planting two ridges and leaving one ridge empty as the working path. Clean the furrows first, then spread a layer of full-axis corncob or bean straw, sprinkle a layer of strains, then spread a layer of material and then sprinkle a layer of strains. Finally, step on it with your feet and cover it with a 2 cm thick soil or plastic film. \x0d\4。 Management: After 20 days of inoculation, hyphae are full of culture materials. If it doesn't rain, mushrooms will grow in a week or so if heavy water is poured once in the arid area. Management methods and harvesting are the same as before. \x0d\ x0d \ Pleurotus ostreatus raw material cultivation \x0d\ 1, strain selection and fine selection of excellent strains \ x0d \ 2. Strain activation and preparation of primary strain \ x0d \ strain activation: Inoculate Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium on PDA slant culture medium for activation culture, and culture the mycelium at constant temperature of 20-25℃. \x0d\ Preparation of the first-class strain: transfer the activated strain to the slope of PDA, and culture at a constant temperature of 20-25℃ to prepare the first-class strain for later use. \x0d\3。 Preparation of secondary strain \x0d\ Solid medium: corncob 55%, sawdust 30%, bran 10%, corn flour 5%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%\x0d\ Medium preparation: Prepare secondary medium according to the formula of secondary medium. \x0d\ Inoculation culture: quickly inoculate the first-class strain with the same size into the solid second-class strain culture medium, and culture at a constant temperature of 25℃. \x0d\4。 Three-level strain preparation \x0d\ solid medium: corncob 77%, bran 20%, quicklime 1%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%\x0d\ medium preparation: prepare three-level strain medium according to the formula of three-level medium, with water content of 55%. \x0d\ Inoculation culture: inoculate the long secondary solid strain into a fungus bag, the dry weight of the fungus bag is 500g, the water content is 60%, and the inoculation amount is one bag per bottle. Constant temperature culture at 20-25℃. \x0d\5。 Making mushroom bag (raw material cultivation) \x0d\ cultivation bag formula: corncob 80%, bran 15%, quicklime 4%, gypsum 1%, carbendazim 0. 1%\x0d\ Raw material cultivation bag medium preparation: according to the cultivation bag medium formula. \x0d\ Inoculation culture: Inoculate the well-grown third-grade strains into the seeds of the raw material cultivation bag at the inoculation amount of 10% for fungus culture. After the mycelium grows for 25-30 days, the mushroom production management is carried out, and the quality and yield of each variety are observed and recorded. \x0d\ The cultivation process of Pleurotus ostreatus is relatively simple, and the mushroom bag does not need sterilization. Pleurotus ostreatus has alkali resistance. It is not suitable to control bacterial infection rate by raising PH value with quicklime. When the PH value exceeds 10, it will affect the inhibition of normal mycelium growth. Therefore, 4% quicklime was added to make the PH of the culture medium around 8- 10. Gypsum is cultivated in Pleurotus ostreatus. \x0d\6。 Management of fruiting period \x0d\( 1) When small mushroom buds begin to appear in the fruiting bag, temperature and humidity are very important. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to low temperature variety. The temperature in the fruiting period should be 15- 18, and the humidity should be kept above 70. If the temperature and humidity are high when the mushroom buds appear, X0d\(3) We must pay attention to timely ventilation to prevent bacterial pollution. X0d \ Plastic greenhouse cultivation \x0d\ can be used for border cultivation in the east-west direction, intercropping tall vegetables (in the border between cucumber and bean stand), mushroom brick cultivation and plastic bag cultivation. The preparation, sowing and management of culture materials are the same as before. Due to the influence of natural conditions, the temperature in the shed changes greatly, so it is necessary to adjust the temperature according to the climate change. When the temperature is high, cover the grass curtain during the day to avoid sun exposure and increase the temperature; Take off the straw curtain at night and open the film on the ventilation window to reduce the temperature in the shed. When the temperature drops, open the straw curtain during the day, use sunlight to increase the temperature, cover the straw curtain at night, and close the ventilation window to keep warm.