How much property did the first senior official in Zhuge Liang's history have?

Zhuge Liang is an outstanding politician, strategist and strategist in the 5,000-year history of China. Although he is not as predictable as Luo Guanzhong described in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, his noble character, outstanding talents, outstanding achievements and dedication of "devoting all his efforts to death" have left a deep impression on the vast history of China. In the legendary folklore, he is an all-powerful superman, a master of strategy that people look up to, a perfect wise man and several impeccable and almost perfect moral models, and an "invincible male god" who represents wisdom and victory.

The ups and downs of Zhuge Liang's legendary life are well-known in China. Among them, the plots of Luo Guanzhong's novels are influenced by mercury, and some of them are whitewashed and exaggerated. But there is no doubt that Zhuge Liang's moral integrity is rare in ancient and modern times. Zhuge Liang was born in a "civilian" family. As far back as the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Feng, his ancestor, was an honest official who dared to take the world by storm and was not afraid of his deep background or even being dismissed from office. Zhuge Liang's family flourished in the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty. Although there was constant war during the period, Zhuge Liang's children never got involved in mud and never agreed with popular customs, so they were called talents. What is even more impressive is that all the "civil servants" belonging to Zhuge family have a distinct brand and * * *: "loyalty, incorruptibility, prudence and dedication".

He is an outstanding representative of Zhuge family. It can be said that Liu Beineng, who is weak in strength, is "three points in the world" because of his contribution. Since Liu Bei was entrusted as an orphan in Baidicheng, Zhuge Liang did not abandon or give up in the face of Liu Adou, whose qualification was far less than his father's. "Taking the government of a country is the king of the common people, but loyal to the country." In the face of a leader with average qualifications who can't live without himself, he can show great respect in his heart. He never showed the slightest disdain, but he always strictly restrained his words and deeds. He gave full help and courtesy to his late ally Liu Chan, who couldn't help the wall, and always maintained the fine traditions of Zhuge family: loyalty, humility and courtesy. In the face of weak Liu Adou, Zhuge Liang, who is fully capable of creating "the sound of candles and axes, the mystery of the ages", never thought of it. Even Sima Yi, the old enemy, praised him: "I have been cautious all my life and never took risks." In his later period, he worked hard, knowing that he couldn't do it, and tried his best to protect and bless Liu Chan who was addicted to pleasure. Not only that, but also the unity of monarch and minister. "There is no doubt in the world, and there is no rumor in the world." Only when we are United and unconstrained can we fully engage in foreign affairs. Zhuge Liang tried his best to keep Shu, a relatively weak country, in a safe corner, and survived between Wei Wu for 42 years. In the end, although he didn't get off to a bad start, he still tried his best to make later generations cry for heroes and won the "name of not dying".

Zhuge's famous "civil officials" are Zhu Gejin, Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Dan. His brother Zhu Gejin, with bright words, is a general and shepherd in Yuzhou. Zhu Gejin is famous for his open mind, outspoken and strict self-discipline. Therefore, he made almost no enemies in politics, got the favor of Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, and finally went down in history. The word "prudence" seems to have been integrated into the blood of the descendants of Zhuge family. Modesty is not doing nothing, drifting with the tide, just wanting to be a Taiping official who has done nothing. But gentle, dare to do anything, stick to the bottom line, adhere to principles and contribute to the great cause under the gentle and humble appearance.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang was more seriously ill than Wuzhangyuan. Before he died, he wrote a suicide note to the late King Liu Chen of Shu Han. The content is actually a detailed personal property declaration: "My family has 800 mulberry trees in Chengdu, with a field of 15 hectares. My children have no worries about food and clothing and have their own surplus food. " As for the assignment, I have no choice but to send it, eat and wear well, learn from officials, don't treat my life differently, and take a long size. I'm dead, there's not enough money inside, and I'll pay your majesty if I win money outside. "After Zhuge Liang's death, people found that everything was as he said, and there was no empty talk. Even if he can pinch and calculate, Zhuge Liang, who is good at strategizing and winning thousands of miles away, may never dream of it. Today, more than 1000 years later, people call him "the first person to disclose official property" in ancient and modern times. This kind of aboveboard and morally honest behavior is the first declaration and publicity of the property of ancient "civil servants".

Zhuge Liang is not only strict with himself, but also strict with the control and education of his family and children, and even a little unreasonable, which is worth learning and emulating by future generations. According to historical records, "the concubine of the Prime Minister has no clothes". At that time, concubinage was beyond reproach, but the prime minister's concubine didn't even have a change of clothes, and her embarrassment was even worse than that of an ordinary person, which was enough to make people sigh, surprise and lament. Moreover, from the property list published by Zhuge Liang, there are 800 mulberry trees, with a thin field 15 hectares, and there is no gray income except official salary. The income of a "senior civil servant" who takes orders from the Prime Minister is not even as good as that of a private rich man.

Zhu Gekongming is a clever man, but he has been very cautious all his life. He is a real gentleman with clean hands and feet and won't make people feel sorry.

Zhuge Liang famously said, "Be quiet to cultivate one's morality, and be frugal to cultivate one's morality. No static, no wisdom, no static and no distance. " This is not only his motto of self-motivation, but also his ardent hope for future generations. It is said that the children of Zhuge family were familiar with the Book of Commandments written by him since childhood, and this cold, naive, extravagant and thrifty character was deeply rooted and germinated in the minds of Miao descendants after Zhuge Liang's death, and accompanied them all their lives.

Talents are rare throughout the ages, and wisdom has its own advantages and disadvantages. Nan said: Talent is called handsome because he must have faith, righteousness, virtue, talent and understanding. The noble people in the crowd must be kind, wise, trustworthy and honest. According to this standard, Zhuge Liang is undoubtedly the dragon and phoenix among people, but there are very few wise men like him who are law-abiding, independent and indifferent. It seems unrealistic to expect all officials to be like him. It is far more feasible to build officials with both ability and political integrity, honesty and self-discipline, self-denial and dedication to public service than to establish a benign mechanism of supervision and restraint, suppression of evil and promotion of good.

"Being a model" is the real celebrity, who has been on an equal footing with you for thousands of years.

In ancient times, there was no official property declaration system, and the official property status was generally not controlled by the court. Unless the officials were ransacked, or the family could not be buried after the body died, the court could only know which officials were corrupt and which were poor. Therefore, the property of extremely corrupt officials such as Xiao Shenyang is recorded in the history books, but the property of other officials is rarely recorded.

List of property of several prime ministers

The property status of Zhuge Liang, Wei Zhi and Sima Guang can be found in relevant history books. A brief introduction is as follows:

Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han dynasties, has 15 hectares of farmland, which is relatively barren. According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang declared his fortune in his memorial to his late master Liu Chan: "At the beginning of the year, the late master said,' There are 800 mulberry trees in Chengdu, with 15 hectares of barren land, and his son has enough food and clothing. As for the contract, I have no choice but to send it. Take it with you, Lear.

The property left by Wei Zhi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, is very valuable. According to "Biography of Bai Juyi in the New Tang Dynasty", the value of Wei Zhi's house had increased to 6 million pounds when it reached his grandson. Grandson wants to sell the house left by grandpa with money. An official named Li Shidao paid 6 million pounds out of his own pocket and planned to redeem the property for Kevin Z's grandson. When Bai Juyi learned of this, he advised Tang Xianzong that the descendants of Wei Zhi could not keep their property in Wei Zhi. Your majesty should take good care of the descendants of this sage and redeem their houses. This kind of good thing should be done by the court, not Li Shidao himself. What he did was "take up all the beauty". Bai Juyi's opinion was adopted by Tang Xianzong.

Wei Zhi's real estate source is legal. Although Wei Zhi holds a high position as the Prime Minister, his housing conditions are very poor. Until his later years, when he was dying, there was no main hall in his house. Emperor Taizong ordered the relevant departments to find some small materials from the materials used to build the palace and build the main hall for Zheng Weijia. It took only five days to build a main hall. It was not until a few days before Wei Zhi's death that he owned the main hall. Wei Zhi's house, the most valuable part of the main hall is equivalent to the "welfare room", which was built for him by the court.

Sima Guang, Prime Minister of Northern Song Dynasty, owns three hectares of land and real estate in Luoyang. Three hectares of land is rare for a prime minister. There was an official named Yang in the Tang Dynasty. Before taking office, his goal was to own 10 hectares of farmland and 10 slaves. Three hectares of land, not even a boy. According to the Song Dynasty's Biography of Sima Guang, after Sima Guang's death, there was no money at home, and even the funeral expenses could not be paid at home. "My wife sells land for burial and is disgusted with clothes and anorexia." Sima Guang's wife sold the land before burying him. As the wife of the former prime minister, she lived a hard life, eating inferior food and wearing inferior clothes until her death. As for how many houses Sima Guang has in Luoyang, Luoyang citizens all know. It turned out that there was such a custom in Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty that every spring the private gardens of senior officials were open to the public. Traditionally, tourists will automatically pay more or less for "tea". "Tea fee" is equivalent to ticket income. One spring, the total amount is considerable. Every time the servant gave this income to Sima Guang, Sima Guang always asked the servant to stay for his own use. In fact, opening private gardens has played a role in publicizing the property of officials. This is not ordered by the court, but the social atmosphere.

Why did Zhuge Liang dare to declare his family property voluntarily and truthfully?

Among the above three prime ministers, Zhuge Liang is the only one who voluntarily declared his family property to the court. According to the historical materials I have contacted. I read the History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou in Jin Dynasty again. Apart from Zhuge Liang, I didn't find any officials in Wei Shuwu applying for family property. I dare not assert that Zhuge Liang's voluntary declaration of property is unique in the ancient history of China, but it is extremely rare to say the least.

Why did Zhuge Liang dare to declare his property voluntarily? There are two main reasons: first, he is not very rich. Judging from the fact that there is no surplus wealth in his family, he may not even be "middle class". It won't be surprising to disclose his family property; Second, the source of its property is legal and can withstand questioning and investigation. For example, if a modern man is honest and has no mistress or mistress, he is not afraid to disclose the contents of the address book and text messages to his wife, because he has done nothing shameful and has no ghosts in his heart.

15 hectare, how much is a prime minister? Give contemporary examples. Man Chong, the general of Wei, was named Qiu in his later years, and he gave 50 hectares of land at a time, welcoming 500 guests, or 200,000. Jiang Qin, the general of Wu, was ordered to fight Guan Yu, but unfortunately he died on the March. In order to commend him and comfort his wife and children, Sun Quan gave them 200 hectares of land and 200 families in Wuhu. In 280 AD, Sun Hao, the ruler of the State of Wu, surrendered to the Jin Dynasty and came to Luoyang. Emperor Wu of Jin gave him 30 hectares of farmland. Collect 5000 hooves, 500 thousand yuan, 500 silks and 500 Jin of cotton every year. In contrast, Zh

The above-mentioned letter from Zhuge Liang to the late Emperor Liu Chan clarified the source of income for him and his family. 1 * * * 2: 15 hectares of land and the income of 800 mulberry trees; Income from the post of prime minister. The income of the former is used by family members and can be more than self-sufficient. The latter income was used by Zhuge Liang himself to solve the problem of "food and clothing". Besides these two incomes, Zhuge Liang has no other income. By "no other arrangement", he means that there is no other "arrangement" or "recruitment", that is, he has not instructed or implied others to send him money or things, nor has he asked the government to reimburse him for his extra expenses. What he said "don't treat life differently, do what you can" means that you don't engage in other family businesses, including business activities, and don't rely on business activities to increase personal and family income. This shows that Zhuge Liang's income is reasonable. Only after his death did the court know that he had made a memorial to declare his property: "There is not much money inside, but there is money outside." Zhuge Liang is really indifferent to self-discipline and frugality. He has neither gray income nor black income. His heart is open and he has nothing to hide.

The property of Sima Guang and Wei Zhi is not too much, and the source is also very clear. They are all officials with bright hearts, selfless hearts and frank hearts. Take Sima Guang for example. His creed is not to say anything to others. I said to myself, "I have never been superior, but I have never done anything in my life that I can't tell others." When talking to people, he is always outspoken and has nothing to hide. He's been like this all his life. Why didn't Sima Guang and Wei Zhi take the initiative to declare their property like Zhuge Liang? Obviously not because I dare not take my property to the sun. They are strict in self-discipline, not greedy for money and in a bad mood. They don't have any illegal income except official salaries, so obviously they don't have to be afraid to disclose their family property.

Innocent officials like Sima Guang and Wei Zhengzhe have nothing to hide from the court. It may be because the court has not established a system for officials to declare their property, so they will not be the first to eat crabs. It should be noted that in feudal times, the first person to eat "crab" when declaring property would be disgusted.

Why can't declared property be promoted in feudal times?

After Zhuge Liang declared his property, the outside reaction seemed very cold. On the one hand, a good example like Zhuge Liang was not promoted in the Shu and Han dynasties, and on the other hand, officials failed to follow Zhuge Liang's example in declaring property.

Guo Youzhi, Fei _, Dong Yun, etc. All of them were highly praised and recommended by Zhuge Liang in the biography of Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty, but no one flaunted Zhuge Liang and declared his property. Another example is Jiang Wei, the general of Shu Han and the pillar of the later period. He is honest and frugal. "Selected Works" quoted Zheng as saying: "Jiang Boyue is on the right side of the ministers, and his house has shortcomings. He has no money and no concubines. He likes listening to silent music in the backyard. He brought clothes, horses and chariots and a moderate diet, not extravagant. The expenses paid by the government are easily consumed. Jiang Wei can be said to be another thrifty official in Shu Han after Zhuge Liang, but he didn't declare his property like Zhuge Liang did.

Zhuge Liang's typical declaration of property could not be popularized not only in the Three Kingdoms period, but also in other dynasties. In feudal times, it was impossible to implement the property declaration system for officials because there were too many obstacles to overcome. The supreme rulers of past dynasties dare not and refuse to try easily.

In feudal society, the number of royalty, powerful ministers and corrupt officials in the imperial court and government was small, but they seized most of the wealth of the whole country. Some people are as rich as an enemy. These powerful people will never approve of the property declaration system. They are the biggest obstacle to property declaration.

Here are two examples.

Liang Ji, a concubine and general at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was knighted by three empresses, two generals and seven people according to "Former Teacher". "He has been in office for more than 20 years, and he is extremely poor and rich. Arrogant inside and outside, dare not disobey orders. The son of heaven is self-respecting and cannot have relatives. "

After the fall of Liang Ji, more than 30 million yuan of confiscated auction property was turned over to the state treasury. With this large amount of income, the court immediately improved its financial situation and announced that it would cut taxes by half worldwide. When Liang Ji was on the stage, the sky was lit up by flames, and all the officials were afraid of him, even the emperor was promoted. You're not talking about such a powerful official who is related to the family and the country. You asked him to declare his property? Not only will he not declare his property, but he will also turn you over.

Another example is Xiao Shenyang, a powerful minister during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, who served as Minister of Military Affairs, Minister of the Interior and Minister of State. Equivalent to the prime minister before the Ming dynasty, so called Guo Xiang. He is the in-laws of Emperor Qianlong, who has been in power for more than 20 years and has always been "favored by the crown dynasty". No official in the imperial court can be favored by Emperor Qianlong like him. As soon as Emperor Long died, Emperor Jiaqing, who succeeded him, operated on him, issued an imperial edict, announced 20 charges against him and ordered him to commit suicide. The charges include: "theft of property, overstepping Nanmu House, imitating Ningshou Palace system and decorating gardens, which is no different from Pengdao Yaotai in Yuanmingyuan. This is the great sin of thirteen years old. The tombs in Jizhou are all equipped with amusement halls and tunnels, which residents call "why not do it", which is the fourteenth biggest sin. There are more than 200 pearls in the collection, which are several times more than those in ouchi. The big pearl is bigger than the crown, which is the great sin of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. There are dozens of gems on the top, and countless big gems are better than ouchi. This is a great sin. Tens of millions of pieces of Tibetan silver clothes, 17 big crime. There are more than 26,000 taels of gold in the wall, more than 6,200 taels of gold in the private vault and more than 3 million taels of silver buried in the cellar, which is the crime of the 18th National Congress. Tongzhou, Jizhou Pawnshop and Qian Dian had a capital of more than 100,000 yuan, and they competed with the people for profits and committed 19. Liu Quan, a domestic slave, has a family property of more than 200,000 yuan and a big pearl bracelet, which is a great sin. " How did Xiao Shenyang declare his property when he was in power? As the in-laws of Xiao Shenyang, Emperor Qianlong, who loves Xiao Shenyang, how could he ask Xiao Shenyang to declare his property? If the Dragon Emperor is killed first, present and future generations may not know that he is a big corrupt official.

Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty did not regard property declaration as a means to prevent, contain and correct official corruption. His method of dealing with official corruption is to educate beforehand and punish afterwards. Among them, prior education is to persuade officials not to be greedy for money and not to lose big because of small things. He once said to the ministers around him: I said that corrupt officials actually don't know how to love money. Officials with more than five grades have a generous salary and a year's income, which is quite considerable. "If people bribe money, but tens of thousands, once exposed, Lou's rank will be cut off. Is this distressed property? Those who get small and lose big are also. " Officials should know that corruption and bribery are not worth it economically and politically. Emperor Taizong knew that some officials took tens of thousands of bribes and made huge illegal gains, but he just didn't pick up the killer weapon of declaring property. Did he not think of this killer, or did he dare not use it when he thought of it?

After all, Emperor Taizong was a feudal monarch, and he was a man more than 1,300 years ago. The construction of anti-corruption system should not be harsh on him. In this way, Zhuge Liang's initiative to declare property is "ahead of schedule".