What do you think is the relationship between the geographical environment of ancient Shaoxing and the origin, inheritance and development of ancient Yue civilization?

Shaoxing is located in the southeast coast of China, with latitude 2914 ′ to 3016 ′ north and longitude119 53 ′ to1213 ′ east. The total area is 790 1 km2, and the urban area is 1 0 1 km2.

Shaoxing, a water city, is known as "Venice of the East". The abundant water in Shaoxing is not only related to the topography of this area, but also closely related to the last transgression in the late Pleistocene. Geographically, Shaoxing is located in the northeast of Zhejiang Province, with Huiji Mountain in the south and Yushao Plain in the north (the west of Ningshao Plain, called Shanhui Plain in ancient times), about 20 kilometers away from Hangzhou Bay at the mouth of Qiantang River. Huiji Mountain belongs to the residual vein of Wuyishan uplift in Mesozoic. After long-term weathering and erosion, the terrain of the mountain is low, and the altitude is mostly below 500 meters. Yu Shao Plain is a river alluvial plain, which consists of Qiantang River, Puyang River and Cao 'e River. The surface is covered with a layer of silt, and the whole plain is open and flat, with an average elevation of less than 7 meters. In the late Pleistocene, there were many transgressions, and once there were land and sea changes and residents' migration. According to textual research, in the heyday of the last glacial period of Quaternary, the sea level was 100 meters lower than it is now, and the time was 12000 years ago. At that time, the Ningshaoping Plain was wider, extending to the continental shelf in both north and east directions. Because Ningshaoping has an open and flat terrain, a warm and hot climate and abundant soil and water, Siming Mountain and Huiji Mountain in the north are rich in forests and fuels, and the living environment is unique. Yu Yue, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, thrived here, and they accumulated a lot of agricultural production techniques. Li Zhouzhi Fang Shi said that Yangzhou in the southeast was suitable for rice, and the remains of artificially planted rice and a large number of pottery fragments were found in the early Neolithic cultural excavation in Hemudu, indicating that rice farming was its main business here, and the primitive pottery industry had also developed rapidly in Shaoxing at this time. Seven or six thousand years ago, when the last transgression reached its peak, Ningshaoping Plain became Wang Yang again. Now Ningshaoping Plain and Hangjiahu Plain on both sides of Hangzhou Bay have become interconnected shallow seas, and the Vietnamese people have retreated from the northern plain. According to historical records, some primitive Vietnamese crossed the Qiantang River and rushed to the hilly areas of western Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu. Part of the east moved into the East China Sea and became an islander; With the natural environment in Ningshao Plain deteriorating from north to south, the Vietnamese who stayed there gradually retreated to Huiji Mountain and Siming Mountain in the south, and later became the indigenous residents of Shaoxing. Hemudu site was one of the last plain settlements that Vietnamese entered the mountainous area at that time. It was not until Gou Jian, the king of Yue, ascended the throne that the sea gradually withdrew from the plain, and the Yue people once again stepped out of the mountains and developed the northern plain. At this time, Yu Shao Plain is still a muddy land full of salt, and there are interconnected lagoons everywhere. According to historical records, in 490 BC, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, took advantage of the topography of Zhongshan (now Wolong Mountain) and built a small town of Gou Jian along the flat land at the foot of the mountain, which became the prototype of Shaoxing City. Shaoxing has developed from the Spring and Autumn Period to the present, with a time of 2,500 years, which is really rare in the history of China. In ancient times when the productivity level was extremely low, it can be said that the superior water environment played an extremely important role in the formation and development of cities.

Shaoxing is full of water, and Li Daoyuan once described it in the Notes on Water Classics, saying, "Ten thousand streams converge, Hutao Lake overflows, and the ground touches the river and branches into a canal." Since the Spring and Autumn Period, with the increase of population, people have been accelerating the development and utilization of Yu Shao Plain. The backward flow of tidal current, excessive salinization of land and lack of irrigation water sources have become three important factors restricting the development of local agricultural production. In the fifth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (140), Shouma Town of Huiji County built a dike around Huiji County (now Shaoxing City) to store water, and a large reservoir with an area of 200 square kilometers was formed from the north of Huiji Mountain to Shaoxing City. This is the famous Jianhu water conservancy project in history. On the outer dike of Jianhu Lake, drainage and irrigation equipment of different sizes, such as bucket gates, gates and weirs, were built, and water was delivered to the northern farmland through criss-crossing artificial irrigation canals, which ensured the drought and flood of the land and promoted the local economic development. At the same time, many artificial canals appeared in the northern plain. With the completion of the northern seawall, Yu Shao Plain (known as Shanhui Plain in ancient times) is less threatened by the salty tide in Hangzhou Bay, and Jianhu's function of diluting saline soil gradually loses. Since Jianhu Lake became a lake for nearly a thousand years, due to the influence of many gullies at the foot of Huiji Mountain and Siming Mountain, sediment has been continuously deposited and the bottom of the lake has gradually risen, and Jianhu Lake has lost its function of water storage and flood control. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, when the population pressure was extremely serious, the contradiction between man and land became increasingly prominent due to the shortage of land in this area. After Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 10 10), "stealing lakes for farmland" became a common occurrence. The king of the Southern Song Dynasty once said, "If it rains a little more every year, the fields will be flooded and the lakes will be fine for a long time." When we saw the Southern Song Dynasty, Jianhu had completely lost its function. The disappearance of Jianhu Lake has left many large and small natural lakes around Shaoxing. According to the records of Huiji, after Jianhu disappeared, two lakes were formed, including Khufu Lake, Baitayang Lake, Qi Xie Lake, Kangjia Lake, Hu Quan Lake and Xiqiao Lake. The West Lake Group includes Zhouhu Lake, Konghu Lake, Zhuhu Lake, Shishi Lake, Rongshan Lake, Qiuhu Lake and Yanghu Lake. they

It is integrated with Xiaoshao Canal, northern irrigation canal, Cao 'e River, Puyang River and other natural rivers, and becomes a waterway between urban and rural areas in Shaoxing. However, in a sense, the existence of rivers and lakes hinders the development of land transportation. After the disappearance of Jianhu Lake in the Southern Song Dynasty, shipping naturally became the most important means of transportation in Shaoxing, and it was also an important source of income for ancient Shaoxing people. Local urban and rural residents build houses on the river and cut stones for the port. "Dock people", "one-sided street" and "splayed bridge" have become important landscapes with Shaoxing characteristics in Jiangnan water town.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Gou Jian, King of Yue, said, "Water travels on mountains, boats are cars, and horses are horses." The origin of Shaoxing ships should be the last transgression in the late Pleistocene before the Spring and Autumn Period, which forced the Yue people who grew up in Ningshaoping Plain to change their labor and life customs, abandon the farming habits in the plain and learn to adapt to the water environment. The snake totem culture is an important witness of the Yue people's "integration of man and water". Wood pulp engraved with patterns was found in the excavation of the fourth cultural layer of Hemudu site in Yuyao, which is enough to explain the history of the ship as a means of transportation in Shaoxing. But in the historical records so far, the word Wupengchuan first appeared in the Song Dynasty. When Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shaoxing, he once described the idyllic leisure life of the local people in a poem: "Eight feet alone, three canopies, occupying the misty rain in Pingzhou." This is the earliest written description of Wu Peng boat, which shows that Wu Peng boat has become an indispensable means of transportation in Shaoxing people's production and life in the Southern Song Dynasty. The appearance of Wu Peng's boat coincides with the disappearance of Jianhu Lake, which is inseparable from the fact that Shaoxing's dense river and lake network hindered the development of land transportation after the disappearance of Jianhu Lake. In Shaoxing, Wupengchuan, as a dual-purpose means of transportation for passengers and goods, is more convenient than land transportation, and appears in a large number of activities such as culture, tourism and customs. Lu Xun's description of Shaoxing people sitting on a wupeng boat watching social dramas is a good example.

On the one hand, Wu Peng boat reflects the water environment of Shaoxing, and at the same time, it is also the production of Shaoxing people.

The crystallization of long-term contact with water, the shape, material, modeling, color, decoration and power setting of Wu Peng ship all reflect the geographical environment of Shaoxing water town and the special production and living customs of Shaoxing people. In ancient times, there were two kinds of boats shuttling between urban and rural areas in Shaoxing. One is a white-covered ship, which is used as a sailboat and belongs to the current cargo ship. The other is Wu Peng, a passenger ship carrying passengers and passengers. Wu Peng boat can be divided into Siming tile, Sanming tile and paddle boat according to its size. The awning of the awning boat is semicircular, woven with bamboo pieces, and some bamboo poles are sandwiched between the bamboo pieces to prevent rainwater from infiltrating in rainy days. The bamboo pieces are coated with a layer of black oil, which is beneficial for rainwater to fall. The two fixed eaves are called "fixed eaves", and there is also a sliding light-transmitting eaves inlaid with a thin oyster shell one inch square. In rainy days, cover it with bare tiles to keep out the rain and wind, and in sunny days, remove it to ventilate and bask in the sun. Therefore, the locals call this dome "Mingwa". Sanming tile is a tile with two middle cabins and one rear cabin. In Shaoxing, there is a big covered boat bigger than Siming tile. The hull is carved with patterns and designs, and the bow is carved with animals such as tiger heads. Locals call it "beneficial bird", its image is very strange, and it is scary to laugh. This is closely related to the water environment in which Guyue people lived for a long time. At the peak of transgression, most of the land in the north of ancient Vietnam became a piece of Wang Yang. When Vietnamese people are fishing at sea, they often encounter big storms and capsize. It has always been the sacred wish of the Vietnamese nation to subdue the sea dragons that make waves and ensure that fishing boats and ships are calm at sea. This beneficial bird lives in the depths of the sea, and loves dragons. When dragons see it, they avoid it, so boatmen draw it on the bow, so that dragons can't make trouble on the water to ensure the safety of navigation, which has been used by future generations ever since.

In ancient times, many wealthy bureaucrats often took a covered boat (replaced by a luxury motor yacht) to visit, sweep graves, greet relatives and go to the theatre; Some literati also drank wine and wrote poems on Wu Peng's boat, leaving many Mo Bao behind. The "literati wine boat" written by Mr. Lu Xun, commonly known as "shuttle flying", is Sanming tile. Traveling by Wu Peng boat is a major feature of Shaoxing tourism now. At present, most of the awning boats that shuttle between Shaoxing's urban and rural scenic spots row by foot, and the boat can be operated by one person, which is flexible and convenient, and is conducive to receiving passengers and carrying people; Boating on foot in Shaoxing is the most fashionable way to travel in Shaoxing at present. A boat is like a boat on a canal, and the bottom of the boat is often padded with straw mats. After boarding the boat, the tourists sat on the floor, with their heads only twenty or thirty centimeters away from the canopy, and a boatman sat at the stern. They are skilled and complacent. The power of Wu Peng's boat comes from the feet of the ferryman. When the ferryman paddles hard with his feet, the boat will move forward steadily. The meaning of "paddling" is wonderful. The wooden paddle that paddles under the ferryman's arm is the rudder.

It can be used to control the direction of the ship. When the weather is warm, tourists can put their hands out of the boat and put them on the left and right sides of the boat. Sometimes they can pat the water gently, just like ducks paddling in the water. The awning boat full of tourists has a deep draft, and the sight of tourists is often similar to the water outside the boat. Traveling in this boat is like sitting on calm water. When the boat passes through the city, the tall buildings and the quaint "eight-character" bridge pass overhead, just like playing the slow motion of the scenery of Jiangnan water town. Whenever the cruise ship "strolls" in the country waterway, the ridges on both sides of the strait are close at hand and near the nose, and the fragrance of soil and field crops can be smelled from time to time, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. Shaoxing Wupeng Ship has become famous at home and abroad. Shaoxing Municipal Government put forward the slogan of building a tourist city, which provided a better opportunity for Wu Peng cruise ships to reflect their tourism value. In Shaoxing, Wu Peng boat is not only a special means of transportation, but also an invaluable tourism industry. Shaoxing people make full use of the natural water environment, excavate the cultural connotation hidden in Wu Peng's boat, and fully display Shaoxing's unique landscape, historical background, customs and local characteristics. Bosun job fair attracted many students from all over the country. Wupengchuan is the tourism industry of Shaoxing people and the precious wealth of all mankind.

Shaoxing, which is famous for its water town and country, has been known as a tourist attraction since ancient times. 1982 was announced by the State Council as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China. Shaoxing has nearly 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, "the length of a lake is as deep as the ancient Yue". Shaoxing is famous for its rich cultural landscape, beautiful water scenery and charming customs. It has been a tourist attraction since ancient times. Shaoxing is such a famous water city with strong local color. On the boat trail, the clear water is crystal clear, stone bridges are flying, canoes are shuttling, there are 1.900 kilometers of rivers and more than 4,000 bridges, which constitute a typical water town scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The East Lake Bridge sets each other off, and the water is brighter than the sky; 50% off the waterfall of Wuxiexi Spring; Ke Yan scenery, fantastic; Lanting is famous as a calligraphy resort with Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection. Shen Yuan lamented the love tragedy between Lu You and Tang Wan. In addition, there are Xiandao in the Tang Dynasty, Liuling in the Southern Song Dynasty, Stone Arch Bridge in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Shaoxing customs associated with it, represented by Wu Pengchuan, black felt hat and black dried vegetables, which have accumulated rich cultural connotations in thousands of years of historical evolution and presented unique local charm, which makes people amazed.

The territory has four distinct seasons, humid climate and abundant sunshine, and the annual average temperature is 16.4. C, the annual average precipitation is 1300mm.

Landscape: Eight-character Bridge Wanjin Yubeiting Huijishan Water Mirror Waterfall Shangliu Pavilion Song Liuling Xianheng Hotel Yuanshan Garden Yue Nv Xiaochunyue Chongming Shiyuan Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall Cai Yuanpei's former residence.

Shaoxing's economy can be said to be driven by tourism to a great extent. Topographic features enable Shaoxing to have good environmental factors for developing tourism.

Located in the economically developed areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the land and water transportation is convenient, and it is close to the market, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo and other economically developed cities, which is conducive to economic development.