The migration vein of Ju surname

The development of Ju surname has gone through a long and arduous process. From Ji Sheng, the son of the king in the late Yan Dynasty, to Ji Sheng, the son of the king, who fled to Xiangping in Liaodong, Yan Dou and Yi Ji became Jude's family, and to Ju Wu's "employment in his own country" (Gao Anju's genealogy is abbreviated), they were the sons of Nuo and moved back. After Qin Yan was killed, Ju Wu led his three sons to flee to Ruzhou in order to avoid being pursued. With the change of political power, the Jushi family in Runan gradually changed from concealment to openness, and the family gradually developed from runan county to Changshan County in the north and Pingyuan County in the east. By the eleventh time, the altar entered the official capital, and the layman moved from Pingyuan County to Chang 'an, Kyoto, Western Han Dynasty. Kiku was demoted to the people because of the "Dongping Yun Xuan Mountain Standing Stone Incident", so "Yinzi took refuge in Huangzhong, because he lived in Xiping, and changed his bow to bend", and kiku moved from Chang 'an to xiping county. After more than 200 years' development, the Qu family in Xiping launched at least four large-scale armed separatist regimes in northwest China because of their opposition to Cao Wei's usurpation of the Han Dynasty. After being suppressed by Cao Wei authorities, they were brutally deprived and moved. In the third year of Taihe (AD 229), the authorities moved most of Qu's families from Xiping to Jincheng to rule Yuzhong, thus completing the transfer of Qu County from Xiping to Jincheng. One of Qu's family, after leaving Xiping, came to settle in Huangxian County, Donglai. In Donglai, they quietly restored their original surname-Ju surname, and began the historical existence of Ju surname in Jiaodong. This Ju family is called Donglai Ju family.

Historically, Donglai lay people formed at least six large settlements in Jiaodong. First, from the Liu Song Dynasty to the Northern Wei Dynasty until the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Huangxian Township (now Xiaguan Village, Longkou City) represented by Ju Zusun; Second, in the early Tang Dynasty, marked by Ju Jingyi's employment in Ziqing Our Department for the 29th session, "Lai City in the north of Weishui River in Gaomi, Zhou Mi" (now Zhang Ling Village, Changyi City); The third type is Taogezhuang (now Yaogezhuang, gaomi city) in Gaomi Dongxiang, Mizhou, from the end of Tang Dynasty to the end of Yuan Dynasty, which is represented by 37-year-old Yurun and his descendants Ju Zhen and Ju Zhongmou. Fourth, represented by Zhu Zhu's grandparents and grandchildren, Ji Nomura (now Ji Nomura, Longkou City) in the west of Hushun Township, Huang County from the end of Tang Dynasty to the end of Northern Song Dynasty; 5. Wendeng Xilou Village in Dengzhou (now Wendeng City, Shandong Province), represented by Jusi, Governor of Dengzhou in Yuan Dynasty, has continued from the Southern Song Dynasty to this day. Sixth, from the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty to today's Wei Song Haiyang thousand households (now Haiyang City, Shandong Province). What is certain is that all the great surnames of China in contemporary China migrated from the above six places in different historical periods.

There are three main paths in this uninterrupted migration. The first is the above-mentioned route of Ju Peng leading his troops across the sea to the north of Liaodong. The other is the Wendeng area from the hinterland of Jiaodong to the edge of the peninsula; The third is to migrate southward to Gaomi and further develop southward through Gaomi. Among these three migration routes, from Huangxian to Yecheng, through Pingdu, Gaomi, Zhucheng, Juxian, Linyi, Huai 'an, Yangzhou and other places, the migration route in the hinterland of China is the most famous. From Sui and Tang Dynasties to Yuan Dynasty, most of the ancestors migrated to all parts of the country through this route. In this passage, Huaian Yangshan has become the most important land and water transportation hub and distribution center because of its proximity to the canal. When many ancestors of Ju surname moved south from Donglai County or Denglai County after the Five Dynasties, they abandoned their cars and came here by boat, and some people settled here for a long time and developed into local ones, leaving behind the famous "Taifu School" ancestral hall couplets.

In the migration of ancestors, there are two forms: "official migration" and "people migration" Generally speaking, the migration context of official migration is relatively clear, the genealogy is relatively complete, and the pan-characters are orderly; However, most immigrants do not have genealogy, so Pan-characters cannot be continued. Even after many generations, when their families become better and want to continue their genealogy, they are not sure where they come from and where they want to go. In the migration caused by various factors, of course, there are also cases of moving out of Jiaodong early and moving back after many generations.

The layman in Yincun Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province belongs to the official relocation. According to records, the ancestor of Yin village lay man, Wan Li, lived in Zhaolie. In the second year of Tang Yizong Xian Tong (AD 86 1), he served as a captain of Zuosili in Qianzhou (now Ganzhou) (equivalent to a court judge), and in the first year of Kaiping (AD 907), Huang Zhu, the ancestor of the Five Dynasties Back Beam, led the troops with the general. This giant family has undergone two large-scale genealogical revisions in Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty and in the Southern Song Dynasty, and still preserves the old genealogies of the Tang Dynasty, such as "According to the Text" and "The Picture of Giving Surnames". The old genealogy records: "In the twelfth year of Tang Zhenguan, Gao Shilian and other officials of the official department were ordered to interview the famous families in various counties, and the families of Runan and Laizhou were a family, and they applied for the immortal. The old genealogy was given by Hou Ji. It has been thousands of years now, and I dare not modify it on the map. " The map of giving surnames records:-Hou Ji-Bu 30- Jutao-Ao-Jin Ying-Zhaolie-Yincun. Preface to Wen Tianxiang is included in Zhu's Genealogy compiled by Ding Jingnian in the Southern Song Dynasty. The article wrote: "The surnames in ancient times were not long and varied, either because of the surname given by the monarch, the surname given by the official, or the surname given by the place. Only the layman's surname is far away, starting from Sun Jutao of Hou Ji ... As soon as you show the background of Juezu, you will know that his ancestors were knighted in the Tang Dynasty, and all the five dynasties were officials. The industrious Wang family was prosperous from north to south ... "It is said that when Meng Yuan invaded Ji 'an in the late Southern Song Dynasty, the layman in Nanyin Village of Jishui still retains the ancestral hall with the plaques of" Nine Brothers in the East "and" Shi Kuidi ".

The Tang Dynasty was a dynasty that attached great importance to family history. The selection of officials and the appointment of courtiers should be based on family background. From the time when Emperor Taizong sent Gao Shilian to investigate famous clans in China to the time when Tang Xianzong ordered Lin Bao to write Yuan and surname 180 years later, it fully reflected that historical fact. It is conceivable that in order to adapt to the royal taste, the world began to compile genealogy, which led to the concealment of the real history that was not conducive to the future, and it was once popular to attach to the powerful at will. There are only four versions about the origin of the Ju family: one is from Ji Sheng, the son of the king, who took refuge in Liaodong during the Warring States period because his brother Ji was about to seize power (Gao 'an Ju family tree); One is from Sun Jutao, the ancestor of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hou Ji (the genealogy of the layman in Yin Village of Jishui); One said that it originated from Lu, the first monarch in the Spring and Autumn Period, "Before the layman, the source of Boqin was also" (Wang Yucheng's "Juchang Tomb"), and the other said that it originated from Beiyan's residence in Wu. After textual research, it is considered that Jutao is the ancestor of the layman, and Taizu only takes his first name "Ju" as his surname, while Jutao himself and his descendants still take her as their surname. The argument that "the bird from the land" is the provider is written in Wang Yucheng's epitaph, but there is no relevant record of the origin of the bird from the land in Road History. Only Gao 'an Giant Genealogy has the highest reliability, and the evidence is as follows: First, the records are complete. Since 320 BC, 78 generations have been recorded in the form of direct single line, with names and surnames. Second, it is highly realistic. In the recently discovered genealogy of the lay family in Yinshui Village of Jishui, it is clearly recorded that Ju Zhaolie was personally transferred to Ju 'ao. According to Gao 'an genealogy, there were two brothers in13rd century. Jufuge is the direct ancestor of Gao 'an lay family tree. Brother Ju Ao succeeded to the throne, which is not recorded in the genealogy of Gao 'an, but he is the direct ancestor of the layman in Yincun village of Jishui, and is marked as "the ancestral home of Laizhou". The two brothers met in two different genealogies, which further confirmed the authenticity and credibility of Gao 'an genealogy. It is conceivable that when Ju Zhaolie's family moved south, it should also be this passage.

The migration of the "three brothers of the Ju family" belongs to folk migration. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the famous Red Scarf Rebellion broke out in Shandong. These thugs, wearing red headscarves, are called "peasant uprisings", burning and looting. Wherever they go, people are in pain, so people have to avoid the mountains and move to other places. A family tree published by a friend surnamed Ju said: My ancestors originated from Yejigou, Huangxian County, Dengzhou. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the three brothers fled to Zhaohuzhuang in the southwest of Iraq. After living in Juzhou, Wen lived with him. The so-called "pheasant ditch" is now Ji Nomura in Longkou. According to the survey, in the 1950s, there was indeed a big ditch running north and south in Jiyun Village, which was more than four meters above the ground. Imagine that in ancient times, where there were many weeds, it was an ideal habitat for rare birds and animals, and it could also be called "Luogou". It is this pheasant ditch, which was called Ji Nomura in the inscription of the Song Dynasty. It is inferred that the official name of Ji Nomura in Song Dynasty was transformed from the common name Yejigou, but today Ji Nomura is the pronunciation of Gu Ji Nomura, not the smelting base of Gu Lai Zi Guo as explained in some articles. Nowadays, although the genealogy of the three brothers has been circulated, there are different opinions about whether this Ju family is an "ancient residence" or originated from Yejigou. The two ancestral tablets carved in the tenth and thirteenth generations are opposite, and the whereabouts of the three brothers are still unknown. The "Three Brothers are called Tigers" also took this route when they first moved.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the war and famine, Ten Rooms and Nine Empty Rooms in Shandong became a lonely place, and now quite a few of the surnames in Shandong moved here later. There are two forms of this large-scale migration organized by the government: collective mobilization of soldiers who are reclaiming the border and folk migration in Shanxi and Hebei. According to the Records of Rushan City, in the thirty-first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, there were twenty-four military families guarding thousands of households in Haiyang.

In the early years of Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the invasion of the Japanese, the imperial court dispatched troops from Wushawei, which was located at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces, to the coastal areas of Shandong. They first sailed down the Yangtze River from Chongqing to Yangzhou, Jiangsu, and then abandoned the ship in Huaiyin, passing through Ganyu, Zhucheng and Jiaozhou to Jimo. That's what the so-called "Yunnan immigrants come by boat" means. Most of these military families transferred to Jiaodong originally followed Zhu Yuanzhang, whose ancestral home was the Meritorious Military Academy in northern Jiangsu and central Anhui, and Fengyang, Zhu's hometown. Because they lived in Yunnan for a short time (only about 20 years according to research), it is no wonder that with the passage of time, their descendants only remember their ancestral homes in northern Jiangsu and Anhui, but not their homes in Yunnan. In the place of residence, this surname, like other military families in Yunnan, is called "Little Yunnan" by local people. It is not a geographical name, but a slang term for "an immigrant group" as a whole under certain historical conditions. It is the folk name of Shandong aborigines to the immigrant group from Yunnan, just as the northeast people call Shandong immigrants "Little Shandong" and the Central Plains people call them "Little Sichuan" from Sichuan. "Xiao" here is slang, while "Yunnan" is a regional name, not a place in Yunnan.

According to textual research, the ancestor of Haiyang Juxing, the legendary "Dingyuan Hou", moved to Haiyang in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. There are two opinions about Zhao Ju's native place: Haiyang lay family tree says "ancestral home in Hubei" and Haiyang Zhi says "ancestral home in Jiangyin County, Changzhou City, Nanzhili". After textual research, the author accepts the latter opinion. In other words, Zhao Ju joined the army in Jiangyin and followed Zhu Yuanzhang in the war. So where did Jiangyin lay people come from at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty? By reading the epitaph of xiping county Juyan, an assistant professor of Wenguang in the Great Song Dynasty, I learned that Jiangyin, the grandson of Juyan, praised the doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty and learned that the military borrowed money to live in the house.

Jiangyin Army in the Northern Song Dynasty was a special organizational system of military and political integration, which mainly managed Jiangyin military and local administration. At that time, Jiangyin had a large military jurisdiction, starting from Changzhou in the west and Zhangjiagang in the east, and Jiangbei had jurisdiction over Jingjiang, Taizhou and Rugao, covering the north and south of the great river. You should know that Jiangyin Army is the highest local military and political chief, equivalent to six grades. Because the imperial court stipulates that four or five products wear red official clothes as "princesses", six products are not enough to serve "princesses" and those who are licensed to wear "princesses" are "borrowing princesses", just like now "enjoying the treatment of deputy bureaus", which is a symbol of honor. Ju Ishikawa must have taken care of his family when he was an officer in Jiangyin. Therefore, Ju should be the ancestor of Jiangyin lay family. After more than 300 years, Zhao Ju's ancestral home was in Jiangyin, indicating that he should be a direct descendant of the giant. But at this time, his family came down, so he had no choice but to join Zhu Yuanzhang's north-south rebel army and find another way out.

According to the genealogy of Haiyang lay man, Zhao Ju passed on the Qing Dynasty and passed on seven sons, ranking as "flourishing into wealth". Among them, the fifth son passed on the second son, saying, "Long bow, young treasure", worshiping Dongshan, Nanshan and Beishan, and treasure to Xishan. The genealogy also shows that Zhao Ju was "transferred to Greater Wei Song by military service", and his son Juqing was an official and passed the sentence, which was equivalent to an assistant to the magistrate. The Ming Dynasty implemented a professional military system. When a soldier dies or retires, his son will attack and replace him in the order of seniority. This kind of attack should be strictly examined by professional departments, and he is generally employed at five levels. Among the seven sons of Juqing, after investigation, the fifth son Wang Ju seems to have taken his place. A descendant of Zhao Ju moved to Haiyang Academy, where it flourished. In the early years of Qing Dynasty, it flourished here. In the Qing Dynasty, there were seven laymen in Haiyang, among whom Shunzhi was the first in three years, and the official lived in Guangdong Road to supervise the imperial history. Chen Ju, the son of Ju Xun, was consulted in Kangxi junior high school and was promoted to Gansu provincial judge in Shaanxi. Recently, Jukai, who was the first scholar in the seventeenth year of Qianlong, and later studied politics in Guangxi, wrote three letters to Jutai, a fellow in Anqing Prefecture in the twenty-first year of Qianlong. After reading this letter more than 300 years later, Zhu Kai was deeply moved. In his letter, he is full of ardent hopes for the career prospects of Brother Four. According to records, Jukai and Jutai are also from Haiyang Village. Legend has it that at that time, lay people had a big head in Haiyang, and every magistrate had to visit lay people first when he took office. Descendants of Haiyang lay people migrated to Wendeng and Qixia in the hinterland of Jiaodong Peninsula along the routes of Nianxiang Village in Baisha Town and Xi Amniotic Water Village in South Huang Zhen, and merged with their original place of residence. Later, most of them crossed the Bohai Sea and went to the northeast.

There is also a layman who moved directly eastward from Ji Ye to Wendeng, known as the original layman. According to Guangxu's "Wendeng County Records", Ju Yanchang's tomb is in the northeast corner outside the city, and Xiangshan Dongling has a tombstone, which was established in the fourteenth year of Yuan Dynasty ... The monument reads "Home is the son of Hou Ji, and later moved from Runan to settle in Yeji, Huangxian County, and became the prime minister because of arrogance. In the Five Dynasties, he collapsed in East Wendeng County, and his home was in the city. Let's talk about it. According to the inscription, Jusi became the grandson of Ju Yanchang, and the year of birth and death is unknown. In the spring of the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1363), he died and served as the secretariat of Dengzhou. According to the analysis of "weak crown for more than ten years" recorded in the county annals, his death was about 47 years old. According to the records at that time, the tablets of Ju Yanchang and the lay family were erected by Ju Sicheng when he was governor of Dengzhou. Through analysis, the period from Ju Ji to Ju Si Cheng Qi Zhuan should be Jiading or Jin Da 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is at least 250 years different from the aforementioned Ju Ji in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties. This has produced a variety of judgment results, either the two have exceeded seven generations, or the giant base moved eastward much later than the five generations. The author thinks that if the surname of Wendeng's original place of residence really came from, then the domicile should have moved eastward at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty when Zhang Biao was impeached and suffered from the disaster of the Yi nationality. A genealogy of Wendeng provides a good proof. Its preface says: "Ju people ... moved to Dong County of Jinan in Song Dynasty ... and moved to the foot of Haowen Mountain in the north of Dongguan, Wen Yi". According to common sense, it is often more secret to continue to write genealogy after asylum and migration. Does "East County of Jinan" refer to Ji Nomura, Huangxian County located in the east of Jinan? The inscription also records the deeds of Ju Yanchang following four generations of poets, saying that Ju Yanchang's reading of Confucian books is especially general history. When he went out to dredge the Jiaolai River, he still had a book in his hand. His son Jutong works in the yamen, no matter how busy his official duties are, he still can't let go; His great-grandson Juzi's mother died, and he built a hut in front of the grave. At the end of the third year of mourning, he cried so much that even passers-by were moved to tears. According to historical records, Ju Sicheng is a native of Xilou Village, Wendeng, and he is also a native of Xilou Village. Giant, formerly known as Giant, was edited by Hanlin Institute of National History. During Yuan Dade's reign, he served as a scholar in Ninghai Prefecture and lived in the present. He wrote most of the epitaphs in this county. One of the most famous articles, written in Yuan Taiding for five years, has far-reaching influence and was included in Dengzhou Zhengzhi. At the same time, it was also recorded in the chronicle that Wencheng cremation lived in music. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Qi rioted and attacked Wendeng for killing. The number of registered permanent residence in the city has been reduced from seven to three. At the same time, Juyue, who was only 18 years old, and his fiancee Yu Shi were arrested in Nansi. The mutinous soldiers forced Ju Yue to give in, but he was justly refused, so he was killed.

From the 3rd century BC, recorded in the genealogy of the Ju family in Gaoan Lanfang, the first residence was promoted to Jinxu, the second to Youzhou Wei, the third to the magistrate, the fourth to the civil servant as the governor, and the fifth to Yan Taizi Dan Taifu, but the guest was not recorded. According to Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips, in the 4th century, he crossed the ocean and went north to Liaodong to join Murong. Judging from Ju's epitaph, his grandmother is Changli Han and his wife is Wuwei Jia. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty records that when Emperor Taizong conquered North Korea, the Khitan "the big chieftain insulted the main Song Dynasty, that is, he appointed Xuanzhou, worshipped Song as a secretariat and transferred it to the state governor's office"; From the historical analysis of the marriage of Qu, the nephew of the last Gaochang king, who was then General Zuo Wuwei and the king of Jiaohe County, and Murong Yi, the nephew of the Qinghai emperor, it is not difficult to see that Xiping Qu (Ju, Qu) and Liaoxi Qu (Qu, Qu) are the same as Sushen, Yilou, Xianbei, Qidan and Murong in Liaoxi. In the process of long-term coexistence with ethnic minorities in western Liaoning, the giants in the Central Plains have been assimilated, and the above-mentioned evidence of "Qu" (the original record may be "Qu") is an example of this assimilation. After Ju Yin moved south to Donglai, some people who stayed in western Liaoning moved eastward to Koguryo and then to Japan. Even in today's North Korea, South Korea and Japan, there is an ancient giant surname.

In the migration caused by various factors, the migration caused by postal service has been proved to have strong viability and vitality in the baptism of many mass extinctions in Chinese history. It is this division and migration caused by promotion that makes the Gu family continue the only weak fire of life in all previous hardships, and even develop into a surname with a population of 240,000 in China today.

The migration process of living in a family is full of pain and hardship. They either take refuge, avoid disaster or are forced to live anonymously. Therefore, the "lay family", "lay family" and "the dead lay alive", which are widely circulated within the lay family or among the people, are by no means nonsense. This forced anonymity and change of surname greatly restricted the development of the family of Ju, which should be one of the reasons why Ju is still a small surname. However, Gu Shi strives for survival and development in adversity. They are indomitable, indomitable, and finally integrated into the big family of the Chinese nation and thrived in China!