What brands of heart stents are there?

1, Bare Metal Support (BMS)? The original product, made entirely of metal, was the first coronary stent used in clinic. Metal materials have good compatibility with blood vessels, which can provide long-term physical support in the newly dredged lesion, thus preventing the lesion from narrowing again.

The single structure of BMS can only provide physical support and interfere with the inflammatory process of diseased blood vessels. Therefore, patients implanted with BMS are more likely to have re-lesion of diseased blood vessels in the later stage (3~5 years later), and patients usually need revascularization in the later stage.

2. Traditional drug-eluting stent (DES):DES appeared to solve the inevitable problem of vascular restenosis after BMS implantation. Simply put, it is to add a layer of organic polymer coating and load drugs that can regulate local inflammatory reaction and cell proliferation on the coating. Within a few days after stent implantation, drugs began to elute into blood vessels, and drugs regulated the process of coronary artery disease.

To prevent restenosis more effectively. The traditional DES also has some shortcomings, for example, because the effect of coating drugs available before is not satisfactory, it can even react with permanent organic polymer materials and induce local allergic reactions. The reflection of this reaction is that when the traditional DES is implanted in a very late stage (5~ 10 years later), the stent is often blocked by newly formed thrombus.

3. A new generation of drug-eluting stents: Based on the problems of traditional drug-eluting stents, a new generation of drug-eluting stents has gone a step further in drug coating. The first layer uses a new drug with better regulation effect and less allergic reaction, and the coating of the drug itself is degradable, which avoids thrombosis in the very late stage of implantation from two aspects.

Although the short-term effect of the new generation DES is not as good as that of the traditional DES, its advantages will gradually become prominent over time, especially suitable for healthy young patients.

4. Biodegradable scaffolds are made of degradable materials, which have only recently been applied. This stent can provide strong support for blood vessels in a short time after treatment, and when the blood vessels have been well remodeled, they can retreat into rivers and lakes and degrade directly into water and carbon dioxide in the body. Up to now, biodegradable stent has unique curative effect, although it has not been widely used, it is likely to become the mainstream in the future.

Extended data:

Restenosis can occur 6 ~ 8 months after stent implantation, that is to say, restenosis can occur in the stent. The incidence of restenosis is about 20% (15% ~ 40%) at the initial stage of metal stent use. In the era of drug stent, the incidence of restenosis dropped to about 9%. If coronary angiography is reviewed half a year after operation, there is no in-stent restenosis, generally speaking, restenosis will rarely occur in the future.

But that doesn't mean there will be no more narrowness. The reason for this situation is not necessarily entirely due to the stent itself. If after stent implantation, patients fail to take medicine, change their unhealthy lifestyle, and their blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar are not well controlled, then the original normal blood vessels may produce new lesions and restenosis at the stent site.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-heart stent