Gu Ye Wang Zi Xi Feng Wen Yan Wen

1. Translation of the Biography of King Gu Ye

King Gu Ye, courtesy name Xifeng, was a native of Wu County, Wu County. His grandfather, Gu Ziqiao, served in the military for the Prince Wuling of Dongzhonglang in the Liang Dynasty. His father, Gu Huogen, served as the official secretary of the Prince of Linhe in Xinwei and as the chief minister of the county. He was well-known for his proficiency in Confucianism.

King Gu Ye was eager to learn when he was young. When he was seven years old, he studied the Five Classics and had a rough idea of ??the general meaning. When he was nine years old, he was able to write articles. He once wrote "Ri Fu". After reading it, the leader Zhu Yi thought he was unusual. When he was twelve years old, he followed his father to Jian'an and wrote two chapters of "Jian'an Diji". When he grew up, he read through the classics and historical books, carefully memorized them, and was proficient in astronomy and geography, divination, and seal script. In the fourth year of Liang Datong (538), he served as a doctor of Taixue, and was later transferred to the Central Military Commission to join the army in Linhe Prince's Palace Record Office. When King Xuancheng was appointed governor of Yangzhou, King Gu Ye and King Langye Bao were his guests. King Xuancheng loved their talents very much. King Gu Ye also loved painting and was good at painting, so King Xuancheng built a house in Dongfu and ordered King Gu Ye to paint portraits of ancient sages. Wang Bao wrote praises for them, and people at that time called them the second best.

During the Hou Jing Rebellion, King Gu Ye returned to Wu County due to his father's death, and recruited hundreds of people from his hometown to follow the rebel army to aid the capital. King Gu Ye was thin and six feet tall. He was so sad during the period of mourning that he was almost out of shape. However, he fought with arms and armor and showed his passion for the righteousness of his death for the king. At this time, people who saw him Everyone thought he was very strong. After the fall of the capital, King Gu Ye fled back to Kuaiji, and soon went to Dongyang, where he and Liu Guiyi defended the city against the bandits. After Hou Jing's rebellion was settled, Taiwei Wang Sengbian admired him very much and asked him to supervise Haiyan County.

When Emperor Gaozu was the prime minister, he appointed King Gu Ye as General Jinwei, and he joined the army in the Records Office of Prince Andong Linchuan. Soon he was moved to the palace to consult and join the army. In the first year of Tianjia (560), he was appointed as a bachelor of history writing, and soon he was appointed as general Zhaoyuan. In the first year of Guangda (567), King Gu Chen Shuye served as the King of Zhendong Poyang and consulted to join the army. In the second year of Taijian (570), he was transferred to Dr. Guozi. When the later master was in the East Palace, King Gu Ye also served as the steward of the East Palace, and his original position remained unchanged. In the sixth year of Taijian's reign, Ye Wang served as the crown prince and led the imperial edict. Soon he was in charge of major works, in charge of the history of the country, in charge of the historical affairs of the Liang Dynasty, and also served as the general secretary of the East Palace. At that time, the palace officials included Mr. Jiang from Jiyang, Lu Qiong from Wu State, Fu Xingzai from Beidi, and Yao Cha from Wuxing. They were all talented and learned, and everyone who discussed them spoke highly of him. Later, he was transferred to Huangmen Shilang and Guangluqing to preside over the five rites, while other official positions remained unchanged. He died in the thirteenth year of Taijian's reign at the age of sixty-three. The imperial edict posthumously awarded him the post of secretary-prison. In the second year of Zhide, he was awarded posthumously to General Youwei.

When he was young, King Gu Ye was famous for his dedication to learning and his honesty. He never quarreled with others. Judging from his appearance, it seemed that he was not good at speaking, but when he tried his best, he was inferior to others. His third brother Gu Chongguo died early, so he raised his third brother's children, and the friendship was very deep. The works he wrote include thirty volumes of "Yupian", thirty volumes of "Yu Di Zhi", ten volumes of "Fu Rui Tu", ten volumes of "Gu Family Genealogy", one volume of "Fun Ye Shu Yao", and "Xu Dong Ming Ji" One volume, "Xuanxiang Table" and one volume, are all popular in the world. He also wrote 100 volumes of "General History" and 200 volumes of "National History Chronicles", but he died before finishing. There are twenty volumes of collected works.

2. The meaning of ridge in ancient Chinese

ridge:

1. "Shuowen Jiezi" says: ridge, the Qin Dynasty called a pit a ridge.

The "Yupian" written by King Gu Ye (also known as Xifeng, 519-581) of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty also said: ridge is also a small pit.

2. An embankment built with soil. Such as: ridge weir; embankment (embankment) ridge.

3. Field ridge, a long raised place between fields for people to walk or to store water.

4. A long strip protruding from the ground. Such as: soil ridge; mountain ridge.

According to Duan Yucai's "Shuowen Jie Zi Annotation" of the Qing Dynasty, the two meanings 2 and 3 existed before the Qing Dynasty. ("Guangyun" says that the Wu people call the embankment a ridge. In today's Jiangdong dialect, the border is a ridge." 埒: pronounced liè, field ridge.) These two meanings should also belong to the ancient meanings. "Guangyun" is a rhyme book compiled by officials in the Northern Song Dynasty of my country. 3. Southern History*Full text of the translation of the biography of Yuli

Vernacular interpretation: Liu Gu, whose courtesy name is Zisi, was born in Pei County.

When he was five years old, he heard his uncle Kong Xi read the "Biography of Guan Ning" first. He happily wanted to read it, and his uncle explained it to him. Liu Wei listened carefully and said: "This can be achieved." He was awarded the honorary title. The three brothers lived together in a thatched hut. The hut was blown down by the wind and they had no money to repair it.

But enjoy yourself and never relax in your studies. There are often dozens of apprentices to be accepted and taught.

Emperor Qi Gao ascended the throne and summoned Liu Wei to Hualin Garden to talk and asked him about the way to govern. He replied: "The way to govern is in the "Book of Filial Piety".

The reason why the Liu and Song dynasties were destroyed, and the reason why Your Majesty won the world, is exactly this." The emperor praised: "The Confucian scholars The words can be a treasure for all generations."

The emperor said to Liu Wei: "I am making changes in accordance with the destiny. What do people think?" Liu Wei said: "Your Majesty's previous car mistakes are a warning. With generous and benevolent government, we can be stable even in times of crisis; if we repeat the same mistakes, there will be times of crisis even if we are stable." When he left, the emperor replied to Situ Chuyan: "You are so upright and forthright."

Naturally, he is better than others." In the early years of Emperor Yongming of Emperor Wu of Qi, Prince Liang of Jingling asked him to serve as the Situ Ji Office in Zhengbei. Liu Wei wrote to Zhang Rong and Wang Siyuan, saying: "After receiving your request, I should stop doing business. , but considering my life ambitions, it will go against your concerns.

I am very clumsy in dealing with people and I am not used to being an official. I once served as an official and was dismissed because I could not handle official duties well. This is. Friends and relatives who know me well know that I fully estimate my abilities and position and dare not expect to be promoted. I have been poor since I was a child, coupled with my rough and lazy nature, and my appearance is very scary.

I hope to follow the traces left by the Yin and Yang Heavenly Way, serve my parents meticulously, and carry out my own plans. This is my ambition." He was awarded the title of Infantry Colonel, but he did not take office.

Original text: Liu Ying, courtesy name Zisi, was born in Pei County. When I was five years old, I heard that my uncle Kong Xi had read "The Biography of Guan Ning" first, and he was eager to read it. My uncle explained it more, listened carefully, and said: "This is within reach."

In addition to being invited by the court, Not long after, the three brothers were living in a tent, which was knocked down by the wind and could not be repaired. Enjoy yourself and keep practicing.

There are often dozens of professors gathered together. Emperor Gao of the Qi Dynasty called him into the Hualin Garden to talk and ask questions about politics.

The answer is: "Politics lies in the "Book of Filial Piety". The Song family died, and your Majesty got it right."

The emperor sighed and said: "The words of Confucian scholars are precious. "Wangshi." He also said: "What should I do with the revolution in the world?" He said: "Your majesty, if you take the wrong path and be lenient, you will be safe; if you follow the same path, you will be safe."

After leaving, the emperor called Situ Chuyan and replied: "Fang Zhi Naer. I am a scholar, so I have surpassed others."

At the beginning of the Yongming Dynasty, Prince Jingling asked Liang to serve as Situ Ji for the expedition to the north. In his room, he wrote to Zhang Rong and Wang Siyuan: "I was taught that Gongzongzong should stop official duties, but I have always been good-natured in my life. It is difficult for me to be a clumsy person. It is difficult for me to become an official. In the past, I tried to serve as an assistant, so I was dismissed because I could not do official duties." Those who are familiar with this family have also judged themselves. They dare not expect prosperity. If they are young and poor, they are lazy and their clothes are hairy. If you want to follow the remains of Jiujiu, you can get Wen Qing and show them. This is my personal plan.”

No one except the infantry captain. This article comes from "History of the South" written by Li Yanshou in the Tang Dynasty. Extended information Writing background: "History of the South" is one of the "Twenty-Four Histories" revised by officials in the past dynasties of China.

There are eighty volumes of chronicles and biographies, including ten volumes of this chronicle and seventy volumes of biographies, starting from the first year of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty Liu Yuyong (420) to the third year of Chen Shubaozhen, the empress of Chen Dynasty ( 589 years). It records the 170-year history of the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen kingdoms in the Southern Dynasties. "Southern History" and "Northern History" are sister volumes, compiled by two generations, Master Li and his son Li Yanshou.

When Master Li began to compile the history of the North and the South, Shen Yue's "Song Book", Xiao Zixian's "Nan Qi Book", Wei Shou's "Wei Book" had been circulating for a long time, and Wei Dan's "Wei Book" had been circulating for a long time. He and Wang Shao's "Qi Zhi" have also been written into books.

While Li Yanshou continued to compile the history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the compilation of the histories of the Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Zhou, and Sui dynasties was also in progress or finalized.

Since there are many historical books about the Southern and Northern Dynasties, why did Li and his son write another historical book about this period? Li Yanshou's preface answers this question. He said that his father "often divided the north and south into the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Northern Qi, Zhou, and Sui dynasties. The southern book referred to the north as 'Suolu', and the northern book referred to it as 'Daoyi'.

Each one is familiar with his own country, and he cannot prepare it when writing to other countries, and he often wants to correct it."

So he worked hard to complete the "Southern History" and "Northern History". 4. Classical Chinese essays and answers about Chen Shengzhi’s courtesy name Yang Shu

The original biography of Chen Shengzhi in Song Dynasty Chen Shengzhi, courtesy name Yang Shu, was a native of Jianyang, Jianzhou.

He was promoted to Jinshi, and he knew Fengzhou and Hanyang Army. He became a supervisory censor and right secretary of admonishment. He changed his residence to Sheren and Zhijianyuan. At that time, it was customary to hide and hand over relatives' official documents. If there was a lawsuit, they would report it to the other side, and the officials would rely on it to make excuses.

Sheng said: "This is a habit of criticizing, please prohibit it." He also said: "The three pavilions are the way to promote gentry and luxury. Those who are close to them will be more light-hearted, so they are the steps for nobles to make progress. Please "Strict selection"

From now on, officials who beg for favors from their descendants will not be allowed to remove their offices. Wang Guan, Zuo Lang, met the palace commander Guo Chengyou on the road. He was so angry that he refused to dismount and was escorted to the palace.

According to Sheng's words, it is not appropriate for Beijing officials to dismount for Jiedushi. Because Chengyou was impeached for being arrogant and willful, he was dismissed from his post. Zhang Yaozuo was related to the harem and served as the third envoy, seeking to be the envoy of Xuanhui; Wang Shouzhong, the chamberlain, led the two towns to stay and asked to be promoted to a regular class; Zhang Min, the imperial censor, supplemented the county, but had not been summoned for a long time; Peng Siyong discussed matters and asked Qiong to ask where he had come from. ; Tang Jie attacked the prime minister and reprimanded Lingnan: all those who were promoted highly remonstrated.

Moved to serve as censor and know miscellaneous matters. I have been in charge of speaking for five years and have written about dozens of things, but my opinions are not firm, so I cannot put them into practice.

He was promoted to be the envoy of Tianzhang Pavilion to be made and the transfer envoy of Hebei Capital. He knew Yingzhou and Zhending Prefecture. He was a direct bachelor of Longtuge and regained knowledge of Jianyuan. It said: "Whether the prefectures and counties in the world are governed or not cannot be known by the imperial court, and they are all transferred to the transfer envoys.

Today's selection is not precise, and there are no exams. If it is not a secret, it will be cowardly, but it will be unruly and mean, so I am suffering and sad. , I heard from Yongwei that I must pay attention to the Yuan Dynasty, and it is better to start from now on.” Sun Yi, a scholar of Hanlin, and Zhang Wei, the imperial censor, were ordered to lead the Mokan transfer envoy together with him. Mention some prison duties. When he was promoted to an admonishing officer at the beginning of his promotion, he tried to persuade him to surrender, but he also issued an edict not to go down.

To the end, prophesy. He was impeached and rectified by the imperial edict from three provinces, but he was still exposed in the court.

Wen Yanbo begged to be dismissed as Prime Minister. After being promoted to Privy Council, Jia Changchao was reinstated and discussed his evil deeds. Changchao was dismissed. He moved to the Privy Council and became a bachelor and known to Kaifeng Mansion.

When he was more than a year old, he paid homage to the Deputy Privy Envoy. Therefore, the admonishment officials and censors Tang Jie, Fan Shidao, Lu Jie, Zhao Pian, and Wang Tao made a chapter and discussed the promotion of Yin knot officials, so they were of great use.

Renzong showed that he was promoted, but he was promoted to beggar. The emperor said to his assistant ministers: "I have chosen to govern, and I will not allow my ministers to predict evil."

So he gave up. He was promoted to the bachelor's degree in Zizheng Palace, knew Dingzhou, and moved to Taiyuan Prefecture.

In the second year of Zhiping, he paid homage to the deputy privy envoy again. When Shenzong was established, he invited his mother to the county and became a bachelor of Guanwen Palace and learned about Yuezhou.

In the first year of Xining, he moved to Xu. The middle road was changed to Damingfu, and he passed the que and stayed in the Privy Council. In the story, the affairs of the Privy Council and the Magisterium are not juxtaposed.

At that time, Wen Yanbo and Lu Gongzhu were envoys, and the emperor wanted to promote them as three assistants in government. He wanted to be slightly different from his etiquette, so he specially ordered them. Next year, the same system will set up the third department of regulations to deal with Wang Anshi.

A few months later, he worshiped Ping Zhangshi, a bachelor of Zhongshu, and a bachelor of Jixian Palace. After he was promoted to prime minister, he asked to be dismissed from the post of Minister of Regulations. He said that since the prime minister controlled everything, how could he be called a secretary for the duties he held?

Anshi said: "The six ministers in ancient times, who are now in power, are Sima, Situ, and Sikong. Each has his own position. What harm will it do to the law?" Shengzhi said: "If there are regulations for a hundred ministers, It is possible, but it is not possible to set up three divisions and one official." Because of this, Anshi was ill and had been lying down for more than ten days. The emperor issued an edict before leaving.

After the death of his mother, he resigned from the throne; in the end, he was called to be the privy envoy. He was too ill to set up a court, and in the seventh year of winter sacrifice, he could not pay homage to each other.

He paid homage to Zhenjiang Army Jiedushi, Tongping Zhangshi, judged Yangzhou, and granted the title of Duke Xiu. Died at the age of sixty-nine.

He was given the title of Taibao and Zhongshu Ling, and his posthumous title was Cheng Su. Those who rise to the highest level will gain wealth and honor.

Wang Anshi used his affairs, and his opinions were full of justice, which led to self-help. Sheng's heart knew that it was impossible, so he tried his best to use it, and put the stone in place to be virtuous, so he made himself the prime minister.

As soon as he gets his ambition, he will ask for solutions to the regulations, but sometimes there will be minor differences, and Yang Ruo will not be the same. The world ridiculed him for this, calling him "Qun Xiang".

When he was promoted, he was named Xu, but he changed it to avoid Shenzong's objection to the name. Chen Sheng's courtesy name is Uncle Yang, a native of Jianyang County, Jianzhou.

He passed the Jinshi examination and served successively as Fengzhou and Hanyang Army. He entered the capital as a supervisory censor and a right admonisher, and was changed to a living room official and in charge of the admonishment court. At that time, it was customary to take away letters sent to relatives. If there was a lawsuit, they would report each other, and the government would use this to reason and investigate.

Chen Shengzhi said: "This is the custom of reporting adultery. Please ban it." He also said: "The third hall is a bright future for scholar-bureaucrats. Recently, employment has become more careless, so it has become an enterprising place for nobles and high-ranking families. "Stairs, please conduct the election strictly."

From now on, officials who beg for the favor of their descendants shall not be granted official positions. The author Zuo Lang Wang Guan met the palace commander Guo Chengyou on the road. Guo Chengyou scolded Wang Guan (for not dismounting from his horse to salute) and arrested him and sent him to the government.

Chen Shengzhi said: "Beijing officials should not be dismissed by Jiedushi." So he impeached Guo Chengyou for his arrogant behavior and dismissed him from his official position.

Because Zhang Yaozuo was close to the harem, he was appointed as the third envoy, and soon he was appointed as the envoy of Xuanhui; Wang Shouzhong, the internal servant, commanded the two towns to stay, and asked to be promoted to the full class; Zhang Min, the imperial censor, was appointed as the county official, but was not summoned for a long time; Peng Siyong discussed the matter and asked him to inquire about the details of the matter; Tang Jie attacked the prime minister and was demoted to Lingnan; Chen Shengzhi tried his best to remonstrate. He was promoted to serve as a censor to know miscellaneous matters.

The General Secretary has served as the spokesman for five years and reported hundreds of matters, but he was not firm in his opinions, so not all of them were implemented. He was promoted to the post of Tianzhang Pavilion's waiting envoy and Hebei capital transfer envoy, the magistrate of Yingzhou and Zhending Prefecture, the direct bachelor of Longtuge, and the director of the admonishment court.

Renzong said: "The imperial court is not completely clear whether the prefectures and counties in the world have been managed, and they have all been handed over to the transfer envoys. The talents selected today are not capable, and there is no assessment and supervision. They are not ignorant, incompetent and cowardly." , is to bully and mean people at will, so the pain, sorrow and sighs are blocked and the emperor cannot hear them.

The court's views must be shown to the people of the country, and it should start from here." So the imperial scholar was ordered. Following the imperial edict, Sun Pian and Quan Yushi Zhongcheng Zhang Wei were in charge of the investigation and transfer envoys and criminal and prison affairs at the same time as Chen Shengzhi.

When Chen Shengzhi first took office as an admonishment officer, he requested that the imperial edict be restrained and not issued from the palace. At this point, let’s further clarify the argument.

The imperial edict commissioned three provinces to expose and correct his crimes, but he was still exposed in the court. Wen Yanbo begged to be removed from the post of prime minister, and Chen Shengzhi was worried that the privy councilor Jia Changchao would be appointed again. Shangshu discussed his evil, and Jia Changchao was finally dismissed from office.

He was promoted to a direct bachelor of the Privy Council and knew Kaifeng Mansion. At the end of the year, he was appointed Deputy Privy Envoy.

In this way, the admonishing officials Tang Jie, Fan Shidao, Lu Hui, Zhao Pian, and Wang Tao successively wrote chapters discussing Chen Shengzhi's secret friendship with eunuchs, so they were reused. Renzong showed these previous chapters to Chen Shengzhi, who begged to resign.

Renzong said to the assistant ministers: "I choose the ruler, how can I allow the ministers to interfere and talk about evil." So both parties were dismissed.

Chen Shengzhi was appointed as the Bachelor of Zizheng Palace, Zhi Dingzhou, and transferred to Taiyuan Prefecture. Zhiping II. 5. Translation of Bu Tianzhang’s classical Chinese works

Bu Tianzhang, courtesy name Junzhang, was born in Luoyang.

His father Bu Shichang served as an official of Kongguo in the Jin Dynasty. During Meng Ge's southern expedition under Emperor Xianzong, Bu Shichang led his troops to surrender and was appointed governor of the town. He commanded 2,000 households of militiamen and was promoted to supervise 10,000 households of Zhending Road.

In the sixth year of Emperor Xianzong's reign, 2,000 households north of the Yellow River were mobilized and moved to the south of the Yellow River. Bu Shichang was ordered to take charge, so he settled in Bianliang.

Bu Tianzhang was smart since he was a child. When he grew up, he was proud of his integrity. He studied the history of books and understood the general principles of success and failure.

In the Yuan Dynasty, he served as the governor of Henan Prefecture. At that time, there were tens of thousands of hungry people north of the Yellow River. They gathered on the Yellow River and prepared to move south. The emperor issued an edict, ordering the people to resume their old businesses and not cross south. Everyone was making a noise and refused to go home. Bu Tianzhang was worried about an accident and persuaded the general manager Zhang Guobao to let these people cross the river. Zhang Guobao accepted his advice and no trouble occurred.

Cheng Silian, the deputy envoy of Henan Province, recognized Bu Tianzhang's virtuous nature and appointed him as a constitutional historian. His reputation became even more remarkable. Later, when he served as a censor, there was a censor who relied on his power to commit corruption and accept bribes. The censor exposed his corruption.

At that time, Bu Tianzhang was in charge of Wendu, but he had not yet had time to report, so he was slandered. Both he and the censor were detained in the inner court. The censor choked with sadness. Bu Tiantan asked him why he was like this, and the censor said: "I am old and have only one daughter, and I feel pitiful in my heart; she heard that I was detained and had not eaten for several days, so she felt sad." Bu Tianzhang said: "It is just right to die doing your duty, why should you cry for your children? ?" The censor was very ashamed, thanked Bu Tianzhang, and was pardoned soon after.

Prime Minister Shunde Wang Gong was in charge of state affairs and promoted Bu Tianzhang to the position of Zhongshu. He tried his best to distinguish whether he was responsible for political affairs or not. The other prime ministers were very angry and ignored Bu Tianzhang's words, but Shunde workers listened to Bu Tianzhang. opinions, and said: "If you can do this, I have nothing to worry about!" In the fourth year of Dade, he served as the director of the Ministry of Industry. There was a Liu Shuai in Weizhou who violently seized other people's property, and the officials did not dare to deal with it. Zhongshu Sheng sent Bu Tianzhang to come and make a decision. Liu Shuai surrendered and the land he had seized returned to the people.

In the fifth year of Dade, he was awarded the title of Capital Minister because of the recommendation of the Privy Councilor An Bo. He was taken to the palace, introduced to the emperor, and given brocade clothes, saddles and bridles, bows, knives and other items. Later, due to the hard work of his followers, he was promoted to a training official and given two sets of uniforms for serving banquets.

After the term of office expires, someone should replace him. The Minister of the Privy Council petitions to stay in office, and the replacement person is specially used as an additional post. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong, he was promoted to the title of doctor of the Zong family. After the establishment of the Shangshu Province, he was promoted to the title of doctor of the Ministry of punishment.

There were many thieves at that time. Some people suggested that criminals and their families should wear blue clothes to distinguish them from good people. Bu Tianzhang said: "Prisoners in brown clothes block the roads. This is the bad government of the Qin Dynasty. Why should we imitate it?" The prime minister woke up and stopped this practice.

Someone reported that someone among the princes was plotting evil intentions. The emperor ordered Bu Tianzhang to interrogate and deal with it, and he received a generous reward for this. The Minister of Finance was convicted, and Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty summoned Bu Tianzhang to an official. Empress Dowager Xingsheng was also present at that time. Renzong pointed at him and said to the Empress Dowager: "This is Bu Tianzhang who is not greedy for bribes."

The Empress Dowager asked him about his current position. What official position? Bu Tianzhang replied: "I am appointed as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment." He also asked who recommended it, and he replied: "I have no talent and was promoted by the emperor by mistake."

Renzong said: "The previous dynasty appointed Xie Zhonghe is the minister, and Ai Qing is the doctor. They are all recommended by me. You should be loyal to your duties and do not slack off!" I immediately handed him the seal of Zhongshu Xingbu.

When he took office, he was introduced to the official position. The emperor gave him wine to be entertained by Longfu officials and three sets of brocade clothes. Later, he was ordered to handle the rebellion case. Renzong looked at the ministers on his left and right and said: "Bu Tianzhang is an honest and prudent man, and he will definitely get the truth."

Bu Tianzhang accepted the decree and settled the case, so there was no unjust imprisonment. In the early years of Emperor Qing's reign, Bu Tianzhang was appointed as the prefect of Guide Prefecture, where he encouraged farming and encouraged studies. He also repaired river channels and avoided river flooding.

At that time, thieves gathered and occupied the main roads, blocking business travel. Bu Tianzhang captured hundreds of thieves, and all of them were tortured with a saucer in public, and the thieves were quelled. He was promoted to the deputy envoy of Zhejiang Lianfang. A few months after taking office, he was appointed as the general manager of Raozhou Road due to the change of land system. After Bu Tianzhang took office, he allowed the people to self-report their land properties, and his administration did not disturb the people. The people were happy and the territory was quiet and solemn.

At that time, the provincial ministers in Xingzhongshu were responsible for changing the land system. They were so powerful that state and county officials competed with them to bribe them, hoping to avoid condemnation.

Only Raozhou Road refused to send him, so Zhongshu and the provincial ministers were resentful and wanted to slander Bu Tianzhang with strict laws, but there was no success in tracing his crimes. The county reported a famine, and Bu Tianzhang immediately distributed official grain relief, and his subordinates all thought that this could not be done. Do it, Bu Tianzhang said: "The people are so hungry. If we ask for disaster relief from above, the people will definitely starve to death.

If there are any responsibilities that have not been declared in advance, I will bear them alone and will not affect you." Finally, grain relief provided by the government was distributed, and the people were saved from starvation.

He is so carefree when things happen. The fire burned to the east gate of Raozhou. Bu Tianzhang dressed neatly and bowed to the fire, and the fire was extinguished.

There was a ferocious tiger in Mingshan Mountain. Bu Tianzhang sent a message to the mountain god and quickly captured the tiger. He was known to the court for his political achievements and conduct, and was promoted to Guangdong's Integrity Envoy.

Previously, the powerful built weirs on the coast and monopolized merchant ships to make profits. Many previous governors ignored them because they accepted bribes. After Bu Tianzhang took office, he dispatched soldiers to destroy the weirs. . There has always been no ice in the Lingnan area. After Bu Tianzhang arrived, ice began to appear. People said that this was due to Bu Tianzhang's good governance.

Soon he asked to retire. In the second year of Tianli, a rebellion broke out in Shu, which greatly shocked the Jingchu region.

Chaoyan also worshiped Bu Tianzhang as the Shannan Lian envoy. People thought that he was old and would never take office.

Bu Tianzhang said: "The country is in crisis. Although I am eighty years old, I am often afraid that I will not be able to die in a proper place. How dare I escape the difficulties!" So he stepped forward to take office. After taking office, he rectified the rules and regulations, strictly enforced the administration, and brought peace and stability to the prefectures and counties.

At that time, prices were soaring. Bu Tianzhang ordered not to lower prices and allowed the people to buy and sell freely. This attracted merchants' cars and ships to traffic together, and the price of rice soon fell. The stolen goods and fines from the Yushitai were also left in the treasury and were no longer transported to the Yushitai to help the hungry people. After the Yushitai arrived, the people gathered on the road to praise him.

At the time when the imperial court issued an edict to the third-rank officials, asking them to discuss the pros and cons of the policies at that time, Bu Tianzhang listed 20 things in the memorial, with more than 10,000 words, and listed the items as "Zhongxing Ji" "Government Policy", all of them hit the shortcomings of the times, and since then he resigned and returned home. After returning to Bianliang, he gave away the rest of his salary. 6. Li Jingxi, also known as Ji Ming, classical Chinese answer

Zhou Shu Biography of Li Jingxi Original text Li Jingxi, also known as Ji Ming, was born in Hejian, and rarely lived in the world with his writing.

Zeng Zuyi, during the Taiwu period of the Wei Dynasty, had made great achievements in conquering Pingliang. He was awarded the rank of Rongcheng county man and the title of General Yingyang. Later he was the governor of Yan County.

He was born in Zuzhen, Xijue, and served as a member of the Sanqi Shilang. His father, Qiong, was in Taihezhong, and he served as a nobleman. He served as a Yuanwailang, the magistrate of Wei County, and later the governor of Fincheng County.

Ji Ming is fond of reading, has a strong memory, and has no ability to deal with it. His ancestor Guang was a minister during the Taiwu period, and he was good at ancient studies.

He first learned the meaning of characters from Qinghe Cui Xuanbo, the Minister of Civil Affairs, and learned regular seal script from Situ Cui Hao, so his method was passed down in his family. Ji Ming also taught it, which is quite different from Xu's.

He is also good at fortune-telling and knows a lot about magic. And those who are down and out do not have a career.

There are more than a thousand volumes of books. Although he lives alone in poverty, he is not easily affected by hunger and cold.

He is an irreversible friend of Fan Yang and Lu Daoyuan. In Yong'an, Daoyuan persuaded him to become an official, and he became a mighty general.

At the beginning of Wei Xiaowu's reign, he moved to Zhenyuan General and searched for the infantry captain. After Xiaowu moved to the west, Ji Ming lived in Yi and Luo.

Hou Jing went outside the river and summoned Ji Ming to join the army. He was granted the title of Doctor Yinqing Guanglu and became a general of the Chinese Army. He paid homage to Xingtai Langzhong and eliminated the governor of Liyang County.

Ji Ming went to Xuanhu, but after inspecting the scenery, he could not rely on it, so he left. I was a guest in Yingchuan. I thought that the road to the world was not yet clear, and I wanted to travel at the age of 18.

At that time, Wang Sizheng was in the town of Yingchuan, and many envoys were summoned. Ji Ming had no choice but to go out and meet him.

Stay in the hotel for more than a month. Taizu conquered them again and entered the pass.

He ordered Ji Mingzheng to fix the ancient and modern characters in the East Pavilion. At the end of the reign of Emperor Datong, in addition to General Anxi, he sought to worship Zuo Lang.

In the Shilun generation, they all held the title of Chang Bo and served in Huasheng. Only Ji Ming lives in poverty and has no shame.

He is also diligent in his duties and does not neglect his writing.

However, the nature is particularly fixed and does not suit the time.

Therefore, Yi was appointed as the historian, so there was no adjustment for ten years. In the first year of Emperor Wei Gong's reign, he was promoted to General Pingnan and Doctor Youyin Qingguanglu.

Liuguanjian was a scholar of foreign history. Xiao Min (Reprinted from No. 1 Fanwen.com, please keep this mark.)

Emperor Jian Tae, additionally conquered General Nan and Doctor Youjin Ziguanglu. At that time, the Grand Sima He Lanxiang attacked Tuyuhun and ordered Jiming to join the army.

Except General Hussar and Doctor Youguanglu. At the end of Wucheng's reign, he moved abroad to serve as a senior official.

In the third year of Baoding, the palace was flourishing. There was a severe drought in spring and summer, and the ministers were ordered to live in a hundred buildings, talking about gains and losses.

Ji Ming wrote a letter saying: I heard that Chengtang was suffering from drought, and I reported six things to myself. King Xuan went too far, and Guibisi was exhausted.

Isn’t it because I think about Yuan Yuan in the long run and mourn for the common people? It is now the month of farming, the rain is still there, and the heart of the earth is filled with longing and longing.

Your Majesty has affection for all kinds of people, loves all living beings, and pays homage to hundreds of gods. If you are still not harmonious, how can it be that you are acting unethically, against the seasons, and your actions are wrong, and you are inviting such a drought? In the "Spring and Autumn", the emperor must write down his actions, and his movements are rituals. Floods, droughts, yin and yang, all come unexpectedly.

Confucius said: "In words and deeds, the reason why a gentleman moves the world is because of his carelessness." "Spring and Autumn" In the thirty-first year of Duke Zhuang, there was no rain in the winter.

"The Legend of Five Elements" believes that building a platform three times a year is an extravagance that does not benefit the people. In the summer of the 21st year of Duke Xi, there was a severe drought.

According to the "Five Elements Biography", it was built as the south gate to work for the people. In the summer of the second year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, there was a severe drought.

In the summer of the fifth year, there was a severe drought, with little water in rivers and no water in streams. According to the "Five Elements Biography", the people were first sent to Chang'an with a population of 146,000.

In the summer of the third year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a severe drought. "Five Elements Biography" thinks that it is the year when the world is prosperous, so the official passes through Kunming Pool.

However, the merits of civil engineering and the mobilization of people to promote military service are often responded to in different ways. Classics and books serve as warnings, which may be thoughtful or thought-provoking.

God condemns, but if you change it, you will do better. Now if the people are reduced to provincial service in response to the divine punishment, and the common people's spiritual wealth will fall in time, and the good and the valley will be successful, then the new year will be coveted, and the son will not be late.

"Poetry" says: "The people have stopped working so hard that they can be well-off. Benefit this country and bring peace to all directions.

"Maybe the extreme yang will produce yin, and there will be more rain in autumn, and the year will be better. If you don’t climb it again, the people will have no covet. If you are hungry again, it will be even more worrying.

" ——"Book of Zhou" Volume 47 Biographies 39 Reference Translation Li Jingxi, courtesy name Ji Ming, was born in Hejian. He was famous for his filial piety when he was young.

During the reign of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his great-grandfather Li Yi was awarded a title to a man from Rongcheng County. He later became the prefect of Yanjun County. Both his grandfather Li Zhen and his father Li Qiong were granted hereditary titles. He was born with a strong memory and had the ability to memorize silently, but not the ability to answer questions. His grandfather Li Guang was a minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs at the time, and he was good at ancient studies. Cui Hong studied the meaning of characters, and also learned regular script and seal script from Situ Cui Hao. From then on, his studies were passed down in his family. Ji Ming also studied the meaning of characters, regular script and seal script, and was very different from Xu Shen.

He also loved celestial phenomena. , is very proficient in magic, but he is poor and frustrated and does not engage in making a living. He has more than a thousand books.

Although he lives alone in poverty, he does not change his moral integrity due to the pressure of life. Lu Daoyuan was a congenial and affectionate friend.

During the reign of Emperor Xiaozhuang of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Lu Daoyuan persuaded him to become an official and became a powerful general. Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved west, and Ji Ming lived in Yi. Luo.

Hou Jing seized the land in Henan and summoned Ji Ming to the army. Later, he was appointed as the prefect of Liyang County. Ji Ming followed Hou Jing to Xuanhu and found that Hou Jing was finally unable to rely on him. He left him and lived in Yingchuan.

At that time, Wang Sizheng was guarding Yingchuan and sent people to summon Ji Ming many times. After more than a month, Emperor Wen of Zhou summoned him again. Guanzhong.

Emperor Wen of the Zhou Dynasty ordered Ji Ming to revise the ancient and modern texts in Dongge. At the end of the reign of Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty, he was awarded the title of Zhu Lang. All officials held concurrent positions as servants, and their carriages, horses, and costumes were gorgeous and rich. Only Ji Ming lived in a poor and humble position without any expression of shame.

Ji Ming was very diligent in his duties and never slacked off in writing.

However, his character was extremely stubborn and unsuitable for the times, so once he became a historian, he would not be transferred for ten years. In the last years of Emperor Wucheng's reign in Zhou Ming Dynasty, he was promoted to a senior official in the Foreign History Department.

In the third year of Baoding (563), Emperor Wu of Zhou built a large number of palaces. There were severe droughts in spring and summer. He ordered the ministers and civil and military officials to do their best to explain the pros and cons of the government. Ji Mingshang secretly memorialized: "I heard that there was a drought when Chengtang was born, so I asked the six ministers to state the gains and losses themselves.

King Xuan of Zhou went too far and ran out of precious jade. Isn't it a long-term consideration for the people? Do you bow your head and lament the misfortune of the people? Now is the critical month for farming. The seasonal rains have been delayed, and the hearts of the people all over the world are longing for rain.

Your Majesty cares about everything in the world, like caring for your son. Even though he loves everyone, respects and treats all kinds of gods, he still cannot have a harmonious harvest. Could it be that some things are out of control, his actions are out of balance, and this drought is caused by "Spring and Autumn" says that the monarch's actions are inevitable? It should be documented and actions should be model etiquette.

Floods, droughts, yin and yang are all caused by the actions of the monarch. Confucius said: "Words and actions are the reason why a moral person moves heaven and earth. Can we not be cautious?" "Spring and Autumn" Zhuang Gongsan. 7. Chu Liang, courtesy name Ximing, classical Chinese translation

Chu Liang, courtesy name Ximing, was a minister of the Tang Dynasty. He was a native of Yangzhai (now Yuzhou) in the Tang Dynasty, also said to be a native of Qiantang (now Yuhang, Hangzhou).

When he was young, he was alert, smart and studious, well-read, good at literature, crafts and poetry, and liked to associate with celebrities. Already famous in the Chen and Sui Dynasties, Chen became an official at the age of eighteen. In the first year of Chen Zhide (583), he visited the minister Zuopu Shexu Ling and was appreciated.

After hearing this, Empress Chen summoned him and ordered him to compose a poem on the spot. Everyone present praised him frequently and he was appointed as the minister of the Shangshu Palace. After Chen's death, he entered the Sui Dynasty and became a bachelor of the East Palace and a doctor of Taichang.

During the great cause, Emperor Yang was jealous of talents and falsely accused Yang Xuangan of being involved, and was demoted to the position of Secretary of Xihai County. In the 13th year of Daye (617), Xue Ju, the captain of the Jin Dynasty, became king after separatism, and Ren Liang was appointed as Huangmen's minister, involved in secrets.

In the fourteenth year, King Li Shimin of Qin destroyed Xue Ju, and after entering the Tang Dynasty, he served as a literary (like an instructor) in the Prince of Qin's palace. Every time Taizong of the later Tang Dynasty went on an expedition, Liang often accompanied the army to participate in conspiracies and served in battles. At the beginning of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, Chu Liang often made suggestions on major domestic and foreign affairs. He once advised Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty to stop hunting in winter to avoid disturbing the people.

In the first year of Zhenguan (627), he, Du Ruhui and other eighteen people were awarded bachelor's degree in Hongwenguan. They took turns staying in the hall to prepare for consulting on military and state affairs. In the ninth year of Zhenguan's reign, he was appointed as a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Later, he was promoted several times and was appointed as a regular attendant of Tongzhi Sanqi. In the 16th year, he was promoted to Marquis of Yangzhai County.

Liang strongly supported Li Shimin's policy of territorial expansion, and ordered his son Chu Suiliang to join the conquest and send troops to the Turks. After the Tang Dynasty unified the country, he recruited talented people for the Literature Museum, and served as bachelor's degree concurrently with Du Ruhui and others, and recruited eighteen people.

Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once ordered the painter Yan Liben to paint portraits of them, and asked Liang Liang to praise these portraits, which were called "Pictures of Eighteen Scholars ***", inscribed with their names and titles, and were collected as imperial archives. A high honor. Later, he resigned and returned home. In his later years, he was ill and retired at home. Li Shimin continued to send people to express condolences.

He died at the age of ninety-three and wrote twenty volumes of collected works.