Comrades, please help us. We need to check the history of Pinggu District.

Geographical environment: Pinggu is located in the northeast of Beijing, and the district government is 70 kilometers away from Dongzhimen. Geographical coordinates are 1 16 degrees 55 seconds to 1 17 degrees 24 seconds, and 40 degrees 02 seconds to 40 degrees 22 seconds north. It borders Miyun County in Beijing in the northwest, Shunyi District in the west, sanhe city City in Hebei Province in the south, Jixian County in Tianjin in the southeast and Xinglong County in Hebei Province in the northeast. The territory is 35.5 kilometers long from east to west and 30.5 kilometers wide from north to south. Located at the intersection of the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain and the northern end of North China Plain, it is named Pinggu because it is surrounded by mountains in the east, south and north, with a plain valley in the middle. The mountains are green, and the Great Wall of Wan Li surrounds the northern mountains; Two rivers, the Zen River and the Xunhe River, are reflected from left to right, and they walk in the background.

Pinggu landform consists of two major geomorphic units, namely, the northern, eastern and southern mountainous areas and the central and southwestern plains, with mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas accounting for four-sevenths and plains accounting for three-sevenths. The terrain is inclined from northeast to southwest, with a gentle middle and an inclined dustpan shape. There are 17 peaks in the central area around the fourth floor mountain in northeast China, among which the main peak of Liushuwan Mountain, Dongzhihu 1234 meters, is the highest peak and is the boundary mountain with Xinglong County. The rocks are composed of Proterozoic volcanic rocks and timely sandstone. The mountainous area is characterized by exposed county cliffs, deep ditches and steep walls, long and narrow valleys and lush vegetation. It is distributed in the north of Luo Ying Township, the east of Xiong 'erzhai Township and the north of Huangsongyu Township. Area 15.07 square kilometers, in the shape of a ridge or a circle. The low mountain area with an altitude of 150~800 meters is 456. 19 square kilometers, which is distributed in the shape of "m" in the north, east and south, and is mainly composed of gneiss, siliceous dolomite, crushed nitrate rock and carbonate rock. The middle and low mountainous areas account for 4.5% of Beijing's mountainous area, which is the development base of forest fruit. Hills and terraces are distributed in front of the mountain, and they are annular and banded from Xifangezhuang to the east, passing through the northern parts of towns and villages such as Lechangwu, Wangxinzhuang, Shandongzhuang, Nandu Lehe and Han Zhuang, and ending at Dawangwu Village in Gaodong Village, with an area of 1. 1.3 square kilometers. Most areas have become flat and heavy terraces, which are the distribution zones of orchards. The plain is distributed in the middle and southwest, covering an area of 344.94 square kilometers. It is a flood alluvial plain with flat terrain, with an altitude of 20~ 100 meters. The elevation of Beishuangquan section of Xiaotun Village in Mafang Town is11.2m, which is the lowest point in the county. Plain area is rich in water resources and fertile soil, which is the main grain and vegetable producing area. The soil in China is mainly brown soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil. The middle and low hills in the east, north and south of the county are mountainous brown soil cinnamon soil areas. On the terraces and valleys in the piedmont hills, it is the piedmont brown soil area. Erdaohe alluvial plain in the middle, west and southwest is a tidal soil area with a small piece of paddy soil in the middle. The climate belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon region, with four distinct seasons. Spring is dry and windy, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is cool and humid, and winter is cold and dry. The annual average maximum temperature is17.3 C. The annual average precipitation is 644 mm, and the wind direction is mainly north and west, with an average wind direction frequency of 9%, mostly in11~ February.

The border area is rich in vegetation, and the forest coverage rate reaches 5 1.3%. The vegetation above 400 meters above sea level in mountainous areas is dominated by miscellaneous shrubs such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Quercus, Populus davidiana, Corylus heterophylla and Vitex negundo; the vegetation on low hills and terraces is dominated by fruit trees, Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Vitex negundo and yellow grass; and fruit trees and willows are dominated by mountain plains, plain valleys and villages. There are three state-owned forest farms, namely Yajishan, Sizhoulou and Haizi Reservoir, with a forest area of 28,400 mu. After years of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, a large area of shelterbelt has been formed from northwest to southeast. There are 227 kinds of wild plant resources in the county, which can be divided into dense source, medicinal, breeding, fiber, oil, ornamental and other types according to their uses. There are 24 first-class ancient trees and 36 second-class ancient trees, including Ginkgo biloba, Sophora japonica, Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis. There are nearly 100 kinds of wild animals in the forest, such as leopard, sika deer, badger, fox, wolf, pheasant, Qingyang, roe deer, heron, great egret, mountain dove, swift, kingfisher, pheasant, lark and wild duck.

Historical development: Pinggu has a long history. As early as 654.38 million years ago in the Paleolithic Age, people lived in front of the mountain. Six or seven thousand years ago, the ancestors of Pinggu created a splendid culture of staying at home on both sides of the Chan River, which reflected the Zhoukoudian in the west of Beijing and filled the gap in the early Neolithic culture in Beijing. They were called "the ancestor of Hongshan" in archaeology. The complete set of bronze ritual vessels and gold earrings unearthed from Shang tombs in Liu Jiahe, especially the discovery of iron-edged bronze cymbals (only three pieces were found in China), fully proved the wisdom and advanced farming civilization of Pinggu ancestors. Xuanyuantai, the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, has attracted wide attention from historians and archaeologists. It is located on a hill in the north of Shandong Zhuang Town, Pinggu. The symposium on Pinggu and Chinese civilization was held in August 2005, co-sponsored by China Yin Shang Culture Society, Beijing Archaeological Society, Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics and Pinggu District People's Government. Nearly 60 experts and scholars from both sides of the Taiwan Strait, South Korea and Japan attended the meeting. Scholars attending the meeting answered five questions and agreed that Xuanyuan Temple was indeed built in the Han Dynasty.

Another famous historical site is the Bi Xia Yuan Jun Temple in Ji Ya, which was built in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. There are many legends in Gia, such as "Harry drumming" and "Gan Long rewarding money". In the 43rd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1704), the longevity Dojo of Yajishan was built to celebrate the 60th birthday of Kangxi. Kangxi visited Ji Ya twice and wrote a monument. Two emperors, Qianlong and Daoguang, also visited Ji Ya. April Temple was once one of the four major temple fairs in the north, which was called "Miao Feng in the west and Ji Ya in the east". In 2004, Ji Ya was included in the Master Plan of Tourism Development in Pinggu District. In April 2006, it was renovated as a People's Olympics project to receive tourists.

The Ming Great Wall, which stretches for 57 kilometers, winds through the northern mountainous areas and has accumulated a profound cultural heritage in Pinggu, an ancient land.

Cause of Revolution: During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Pinggu was a famous anti-Japanese base in eastern Hebei. The fourth column of the Eighth Route Army marched into eastern Hebei and liberated Pinggu County. The 13 regiment led by Bao Sen and the brave people of Pinggu fought against the Japanese invaders with their own lives and blood, and established the anti-Japanese guerrilla base areas of Yuzishan and Panshan. 1287 people were killed one after another, and 555 martyrs died in the battlefield, writing a magnificent chapter in the history of world anti-fascism. Today, there are memorial halls and monuments in Yuzishan Village, Zhuangzhuang Town, Shandong Province, and the Nanshan Village massacre site is for future generations to pay homage and pay homage to. It is also a patriotic education base in Beijing.

The population of Pinggu mainly comes from aborigines, immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty, flag bearers who moved in the Qing Dynasty, grass huts and army huts since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and people who fled the desert to settle down, commonly known as "one burden to carry". Pinggu is famous for its simple folk customs. Walking into Pinggu will make people feel particularly warm.

Pinggu County was founded in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty (that is, in the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu, BC 195), with a history of more than 2,200 years. During the period (similar to Fuzhou, Fujian Province), the counties merged and the territory changed, but the name of "Pinggu" has continued to this day. 200165438+February 3 1 was approved by the State Council, which marked a new page in the history of Pinggu.