What should a novice learn first when learning to drive an excavator?

First of all, novices need to learn some steps on how to operate an excavator and understand its working principle. It is best to practice it frequently so that they can become proficient quickly.

Excavator usage skills:

1. Operation techniques

First, confirm the surrounding conditions. When operating, be aware of surrounding obstacles and terrain and operate safely; when operating, confirm the front and rear directions of the track to avoid tipping or impact; try not to face the final drive in the direction of excavation, otherwise it will easily damage the machine. Motor or hose; when operating, ensure that the left and right tracks are in complete contact with the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the entire machine.

2. Effective excavation method

When the bucket cylinder and connecting rod, arm cylinder and arm are at 90 degrees to each other, the digging force is maximum; the bucket teeth and When the ground is kept at an angle of 30 degrees, the digging force is optimal and the soil cutting resistance is minimal; when digging with a stick, the angle of the stick should be between 45 degrees in the front and 30 degrees in the back. Using the boom and bucket at the same time can improve digging efficiency.

3. Excavating rocks

Using a bucket to excavate rocks will cause great damage to the machine and should be avoided; when excavation is necessary, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the direction of the cracks in the rock. , so that the bucket can be shoveled in smoothly for excavation; insert the bucket teeth into the rock cracks, and use the digging force of the bucket rod and bucket to excavate (pay attention to the slippage of the bucket teeth); the rocks that have not been broken should be broken first Then use the bucket to dig.

4. Slope leveling operations

When performing surface trimming, the machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is necessary to grasp the coordination of the movements of the boom and the stick and control both. The speed is crucial for surface finishing.

5. Loading operations

The machine body should be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it will be difficult to accurately control the rotation and unloading, thereby prolonging the operation cycle time; the machine body and the truck should be kept at an appropriate distance to prevent 1 When turning 80 degrees, the rear end of the body collides with the truck; try to turn left for loading, so that you have a wide field of vision and high work efficiency. At the same time, you must correctly grasp the angle of rotation to reduce the time spent turning; the truck is positioned lower than the excavator. In order to shorten the lifting time of the boom and provide good visibility; first load sand and gravel, and then place large rocks, which can reduce the impact on the carriage.

6. Operation in soft areas or water

When operating in soft areas, you should understand the degree of soil looseness and pay attention to limiting the excavation range of the bucket to prevent landslides, collapses and other accidents occurs and the car body sinks deeply.

When working in water, attention should be paid to the allowable water depth range of the vehicle body (the water surface should be below the center of the supporting sprocket); if the water level is high, the inside of the slewing bearing will cause poor lubrication due to the entry of water, and the engine fan will The blades were damaged due to being hit by water, and electrical circuit components were short-circuited or broken due to water intrusion.

7. Hoisting operations

Before using a hydraulic excavator to carry out hoisting operations, you should confirm the surrounding conditions of the hoisting site, use high-strength hooks and wire ropes, and try to use special equipment when hoisting. Hoisting device; the operation mode should be micro-operation mode, and the movements should be slow and balanced; the length of the hanging rope should be appropriate. If it is too long, the hanging object will swing too much and it will be difficult to control accurately; the bucket position should be adjusted correctly to prevent the steel wire rope from slipping; construction Personnel should try not to get close to the hoisted objects to prevent danger due to improper operation.

8. Smooth operation method

During operation, the stability of the machine can not only improve work efficiency and extend the life of the machine, but also ensure safe operation (place the machine on a flatter surface) on the ground); the drive sprocket is more stable on the rear side than on the front side, and can prevent the final drive from being hit by external forces; the wheelbase of the crawler track on the ground is always greater than the wheelbase, so forward working stability is good, so it is necessary to Try to avoid lateral operations; keep the excavation point close to the machine to improve stability and the excavator; if the excavation point is far away from the machine, the center of gravity will move forward and the operation will be unstable; lateral excavation is less stable than forward excavation. If the point is farther from the center of the machine body, the machine will be more unstable, so the excavation point should be kept at an appropriate distance from the center of the machine body to make the operation balanced and efficient. 9. Noteworthy operations

The hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a buffer device that can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke; if it is subjected to an impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, the piston will directly hit the cylinder head or cylinder It is easy to cause accidents, so try to leave as much clearance as possible when reaching the end of the stroke.

Using rotational movements for bulldozing operations will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working equipment, resulting in distortion or cracking of welds, or even broken pins. This kind of operation should be avoided as much as possible.

Using the weight of the machine body for excavation will cause the slewing bearing to be in an abnormal stress state, and will also produce strong vibration and impact on the chassis. Therefore, hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic pipelines should be used to cause greater damage.

When loading and unloading heavy materials such as rocks, the materials should be unloaded close to the bottom of the truck compartment, or the soil should be loaded first and then the rocks. Unloading at high altitudes is prohibited to reduce impact damage to the truck.

When the crawler track sinks deeply into the mud, place a wooden board under the bucket, use the bottom end of the bucket to support the crawler track, then place a wooden board under the crawler track and drive the machine out.

10. Correct walking operation

When the excavator is walking, the working device should be stowed away as close to the center of the body as possible to maintain stability; the final drive should be placed behind to protect the final drive. transmission.

As much as possible, try to avoid driving over obstacles such as tree stumps and rocks to prevent the track from twisting; if you must drive over an obstacle, make sure that the center of the track is on the obstacle.

When crossing a mound, always use working devices to support the chassis to prevent the vehicle body from shaking violently or even tipping over.

You should avoid idling the engine on a steep slope for a long time, otherwise it will cause poor lubrication due to changes in the oil level angle.

Long-distance travel of the machine will cause high temperatures inside the track wheels and final drive due to long-term rotation, decreased oil viscosity and poor lubrication. Therefore, the machine should be shut down frequently for cooling to extend the life of the lower body.

It is prohibited to rely on walking driving force for excavation operations, otherwise excessive load will cause early wear or damage to the final drive, crawler tracks and other undercarriage components.

When walking uphill, the driving wheels should be at the rear to increase the adhesion of the track to the ground.

When walking downhill, the driving wheel should be in front to tighten the upper track to prevent the vehicle body from sliding forward under the action of gravity when parking and causing danger.

When walking on a slope, the working device should be placed in front to ensure safety. After parking, gently insert the bucket into the ground and put blocks under the crawler tracks.

When walking on a steep slope and turning, the speed should be slowed down. When turning left, turn the left crawler backward, and when turning right, turn the right crawler backward. This can reduce the risk when turning on a slope.

11. Correct crushing operation

First, place the hammer head vertically on the object to be crushed. When starting the crushing operation, lift the front body about 5cm. When crushing, the crushing head should always be pressed on the broken objects. After the unbreakable objects have been crushed, the crushing operation should be stopped immediately. During crushing, the vibration will gradually change the direction of the hammer head, so the bucket cylinder should be adjusted at any time to make the direction of the hammer head perpendicular to the surface of the broken object.

When the hammer head cannot penetrate the broken object, the crushing position should be changed; do not continue crushing in the following place for more than one minute, otherwise not only the hammer head will be damaged, but the oil temperature will rise abnormally; for hard materials Objects should gradually break apart starting from the edges.