Why are Japanese school officials called assistant officials?

The Japanese military ranks during the period from 193 1 to 1945 can be roughly divided into two periods (hereinafter referred to as "pre-period" and "post-period") before and after 1943 (Showa 17).

The early ranks of the Japanese army were divided into four categories: chief officer (officer), chief equivalent officer (military assistant), ordinary soldier and professional soldier. Among them, officers are divided into general officers, senior officers (school officers) and non-commissioned officers (junior officers). Officers are divided into general officers, senior officers and non-commissioned officers. Ordinary soldiers are divided into noncommissioned officers (warrant officers), junior noncommissioned officers (noncommissioned officers) and soldiers. Professional soldiers are divided into three categories: non-commissioned officers, junior non-commissioned officers and soldiers.

1, sir: (hereinafter ×× is the name of arms or services)

General (general), lieutenant general and major general of the army;

Senior officers-colonel (colonel), lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) and lieutenant colonel (major);

Non-commissioned officers-army captains, captains and captains;

2, the officer is quite officer:

A general officer is equivalent to an officer-the director of the army (lieutenant general) and the head of the army (major general);

The superiors are all quite officers-military level XX (colonel), military level II XX (lieutenant colonel) and military level III XX (major);

Non-commissioned officers are equivalent officers-first-class officers (captains), second-class officers (lieutenants) and third-class officers (lieutenants);

3. Ordinary soldiers:

Quasi-noncommissioned officer-Cao Chang, army secret service (warrant officer);

Non-commissioned officers at lower levels-army non-commissioned officers (sergeants), army non-commissioned officers (sergeants) and army non-commissioned officers (corporal);

Soldiers-army first-class soldier, army first-class soldier and army second-class soldier;

4, professional soldiers:

Quasi-noncommissioned officers-the first-class foreman (warrant officer) of the army;

Non-commissioned officers at lower levels-the first-class foreman (staff sergeant) in the army, the second-class foreman (sergeant) in the army, and the third-class foreman (corporal) in the army;

Soldiers-Army First Class, Army First Class, Army Second Class.

At the same time, according to the classification of Japanese official positions, Japanese soldiers (including army and navy) are also divided into four categories: official, official, official, official and pawn. The four official titles are introduced as follows: officials appointed according to the imperial edict of the Japanese emperor are divided into three classes, with generals as first-class officials, lieutenant generals as second-class officials and major generals as third-class officials; Be an Official —— The officials invited by the art of war, approved by the emperor, and appointed by the art of war are divided into six grades, with the colonel as the first-class acting officer, Zuo Wei as the second-class acting officer, Zuo Wei as the third-class acting officer, greatly as the fourth-class acting officer, the captain as the fifth-class acting officer and the captain as the sixth-class acting officer. Judge Appointment Officer-Officers appointed by commanders of units above regimental level are divided into four levels, with special agent Cao Chang as the first-level judge, Cao Chang as the second-level judge, sergeant Cao as the third-level judge and corporal as the fourth-level judge; Soldiers-Soldiers appointed by commanders of brigades (battalions), squadrons (companies) and other detachments are divided into three classes, with the first class being the first class, the first class being the second class and the second class being the third class.

In the early ranks of the Japanese army, officers were divided into no arms, and officers and non-commissioned officers were divided into gendarmerie, infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineers, aviation and trench. Officers are divided into three levels: chief planner (quartermaster), military doctor of the Ministry of Health, pharmacy (director) of the Ministry of Health, veterinarian of the Veterinary Department, and musician of the Military Music Department (only noncommissioned officers are appointed, which are divided into three levels: military first-class musician, military second-class musician and military third-class musician). Ordinary soldiers are divided into military police (at least the first-class army military police), infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineers, aviation and trench. Professional soldiers are divided into artillery saddle workers, artillery gunners, artillery firemen, artillery forgers, engineers and carpenters, engineers and mechanics, engineers and electricians, managers (military personnel in the quartermaster department), sewing workers in the management department, boots workers in the management department, nurses and guards in the Ministry of Health, grinders and engineers in the Ministry of Health (soldiers specializing in pharmacy and dispensing), and hoofers in the veterinary department. Military musicians have a more unique name: the army.

In order to meet the needs of the war, 1943 made major adjustments to the army rank system: the chief was renamed as a non-commissioned officer; Change the general to a pro-official (appointed by the emperor himself, and issue a letter of appointment and a general rank mark); The superior officer was renamed assistant officer; The former non-commissioned officer was renamed as a junior officer; Combine the original complex ranks and divide them into two categories: non-commissioned officers and soldiers; The titles of supervisor, official, official and foreman are abolished and unified; Establish a separate technical department level; Turn legal personnel into non-commissioned officers; Special agent Cao Changjun was renamed as a warrant officer, and he was also a first-class judge; The rank of captain is increased to first class, and so on. The specific settings are as follows:

Petty officer:

General officer (general), lieutenant general and major general;

Assistant officers-colonel (colonel), lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel), junior assistant (major);

Junior officers-captains and captains;

Soldier:

Quasi-noncommissioned officers-warrant officers;

Junior non-commissioned officers-Cao (), Cao (Staff Sergeant) and Wu (Corporal);

Soldiers-Captain ×××××, Grade I ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Service settings for weapons:

Officers and soldiers: Gendarmerie is set from Gendarmerie Colonel to Gendarmerie Level 1, general arms are set to Level 2, and Army Aviation is set to Level 2 in Army Aviation;

Officers and men of the technical department: military technology (technical service of the general arms) will be the second class of military technology, and aviation technology (technical service of the army aviation) will be the second class of aviation technology;

Officers and men in the management department: the chief engineer (quartermaster finance) is the chief engineer, the seamstress is the chief tailor and the locksmith is the chief tailor.

Officers and soldiers of the Ministry of Health: military medical officers should have second lieutenants in the military medical department, pharmaceutical officers should have second lieutenants in the pharmaceutical department, dental military medical officers (dentists) should have major generals to second lieutenants in the dental department, health officers and soldiers (medical personnel) should have health captains to second-class soldiers, and therapists (nurses) should have warrant officers to medical chiefs;

Officers and soldiers in the Department of Veterinary Medicine: Veterinary noncommissioned officers are veterinary second lieutenants, and veterinary officers and soldiers (veterinary service personnel) are veterinary assistants from junior to senior veterinary officers;

Non-commissioned officer (military law) of the Ministry of Justice: second lieutenant in legal affairs;

Officers and men of the military music department: military music is less than the second class.

At that time, the official rank symbol of the Japanese army used epaulettes before 1938, and then used collar badges. After 1943, noncommissioned officers (officers) and quasi-noncommissioned officers (warrant officers) added armbands. The rank expression of collar badge and epaulettes is the same: the general is full of gold, the general (general) has three cherry stars, the lieutenant general has two cherry stars, and the major general has one cherry star; Assistant officials (school officials) have two bars in Phnom Penh (referring to the two long sides of epaulettes and collars, the same below), three cherry stars for colonel, two cherry stars for lieutenant colonel and one cherry star for junior assistant (major); There is a bar in Phnom Penh for junior officers. The captain has three cherry stars, the lieutenant has two cherry stars and the second lieutenant has one cherry star. Sergeant (cadet, non-rank) Phnom Penh; Non-commissioned officers (warrant officers) have no stars in Phnom Penh; A sergeant (non-commissioned officer) received one, Cao Chang (staff sergeant) three cherry stars, sergeant (non-commissioned officer) two cherry stars and corporal one cherry star; Soldiers are ranked according to the number of cherry stars. A captain has no stars, three first-class soldiers, two first-class soldiers and one second-class soldier, and recruits (not ranks) have no stars. The edges and stripes are embroidered with metal wire or silk thread, and the cherry stars are made of copper.

The services of army arms are distinguished by service colors and professional symbols. The colors of military service are reflected in the collar badge before 1938 and the M-shaped badge after 1938: gendarmerie black, infantry red, cavalry lovely yellow, artillery yellow, engineer blue, aviation sky blue, trench blue, dark green of health department, purple of veterinary department, brown of management department and so on. In professional symbols, pyrotechnics is the cross-section and rewinding of round shells, trumpets, boots, batteries and barrels of troops, gunner's barrels, saddle saddles, forging chisels, woodworking saw blades, grinding mortars, seamen's scissors, mechanic's gears and electrician's lightning in the area where the base is established.

At that time, the rank of the Japanese army was:

Minister of the Army-Marshal and General;

Army Chief of Staff-Marshal and General;

Commanders of the general army (planned at 1945, surrender before realization, equivalent to the army)-marshals, generals,

Lieutenant general and army chief of staff;

Commander of the army (group army)-general,

Army Chief of Staff-Lieutenant General;

Captain, general, commander of the army,

Major General of the Army Chief of Staff;

Division head (division commander)-Lieutenant General,

Chief of staff of each division-Major General and Colonel;

Brigadier (Brigadier)-Major General, Colonel,

Chief of Staff of the Brigade-Colonel and Lieutenant;

Co-Captain (Captain)-Colonel and Lieutenant,

Deputy team leaders (deputy team leaders)-Zhong Zuo and Shao Zuo;

Commander (battalion commander)-Shaozuo and Dawei;

Squadron leader (company commander)-captain and lieutenant;

Team leader (platoon leader)-lieutenant and second lieutenant;

Company quartermaster-warrant officer, Cao Chang;

Monitor (deputy platoon leader)-Cao Chang, Staff Sergeant;

Team leader (monitor)-sergeant, corporal;

Captain.-Corporal, private first class.

(2) During World War II, Japanese naval ranks were different from those of the army, which were divided into two categories: non-commissioned officers (officers) and spy non-commissioned officers, quasi-non-commissioned officers, junior non-commissioned officers and soldiers (the above four categories were collectively referred to as naval soldiers), and the latter was divided into two periods before and after 1944.

Naval petty officer rank:

General-Admiral, Lieutenant General ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Assistant officers-Navy Colonel (Navy Colonel), Navy Lieutenant Colonel (Navy Lieutenant Colonel), Navy Junior Assistant (Navy Major);

Junior officers-captains and captains, naval captains;

The central division of non-commissioned officers will be the general officers (officers of various services and arms) and officers at the same level (service officers) of XX Division. Before 1944, the military science department would be divided into three categories: the army division (the navy will be the second lieutenant), the aviation department (the naval aviation colonel to the naval aviation second lieutenant), and the organ department (the administrative service personnel, the naval organ colonel to the naval organ second lieutenant). Xx division will be divided into military medical department (second lieutenant in naval medical), pharmacy department (major general in naval medicine to second lieutenant in naval medicine), main planning department (second lieutenant in naval master plan), shipbuilding department (second lieutenant in naval shipbuilding), shipbuilding department (second lieutenant in marine machinery supervisor and naval shipbuilding) and ordnance department (second lieutenant in naval weapons supervisor and naval shipbuilding).

After 1944, the Ministry of Military Science will be divided into two categories: Military Science Department (Lieutenant General of Navy) and Aviation Science Department (Lieutenant General of Hainan Airlines), and XX Science Department will be divided into Military Medicine Department, Pharmacy Department, Master Planning Department, Technology Department (Lieutenant General of Naval Dentistry to Lieutenant General of Naval Dentistry) and Legal Department (Naval Legal Affairs).

Ranks of naval soldiers before 1944:

Spy sergeants-naval spy captains, naval spy captains and naval spy captains. Spy officers are specially set up by the navy to retain the technical backbone of soldiers, which is somewhat similar to our modern senior and middle-level technical officers.

Quasi-scholar officer-navy ×× soldier Cao Chang;

Junior officers-Private Cao, Private Cao.

Soldiers-First Class Navy, Second Class Navy, Third Class Navy, Fourth Class Navy.

The first, second and third class soldiers in the navy are at the same level as the first, first and second class soldiers in the army. Departments (arms and services) are divided into military department, aviation department, organ department, general accounting department, military music department and nursing department, such as naval spy captain, naval air spy second lieutenant, naval officer commander Cao, second-class master planner Cao, first-class military musician Cao and third-class nurse Cao.

After 1944, the rank of naval soldiers:

Spy noncommissioned officers-navy captain, navy lieutenant, navy lieutenant;

Quasi-official-XX soldier Cao Chang;

Officers-First Class Cao (formerly First Class Cao), First Class Cao (formerly Second Class Cao), Second Class Cao (formerly Third Class Cao);

Soldiers-Captain XXX, Private First, Private First, Private Second.

At this time, the divisions are also simplified into five categories: military division, master division, technical division, military musician and nurse practitioner. In terms of service division, it is subdivided into five categories: ordinary soldiers, flying soldiers, orderlies, government soldiers, and working soldiers (only special officers set 1 category), such as naval captains (the rank symbol is different from that of naval captains among non-commissioned officers), Hainan captains, naval chief engineers, and naval chief engineers.