What is the content of Along the River During Qingming Festival?

Along the River During the Qingming Festival. Painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. 24.8cm in length and 528cm ??in width.

Along the River During the Qingming Festival" scroll, a genre painting of the Northern Song Dynasty. The author Zhang Zeduan, whose courtesy name is Zhengdao, was born in Dongwu (now Zhucheng, Shandong). He was a court painter during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. When he was young, he went to Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to study, and later learned painting. He especially liked to paint boats and carriages, city bridges, and Guojing, and he became his own family. "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is his masterpiece and was once collected by the Xuanhe Imperial Household. Silk, light color, length 24.8 cm, width 5.287 cm, now in the collection of the Palace Museum, Beijing. This picture depicts the bustling scene and natural scenery of Bianliang, the capital city of the Northern Song Dynasty, and both sides of the Bianhe River during the Qingming Festival. The work is in the form of a long scroll and adopts the composition method of scattered perspective to integrate complex scenery into a unified and varied picture. There are more than 500 characters in the painting, with different clothes and expressions. Various activities are interspersed with them, focusing on drama and composition. It is dense and dense, pays attention to the changes in rhythm and rhyme, and the writing and ink composition are very clever.

The whole picture is divided into three paragraphs.

The first paragraph, the spring scene in the countryside of Bianjing:

In the mist of the sparse forest, several huts, grass bridges, flowing water, old trees, and small boats are hidden. Two porters drove five donkeys carrying charcoal towards the city. In a willow forest, the branches have just turned green, making people feel that although the spring is cold and harsh, spring has returned to the earth. There was a sedan on the road, with a woman sitting in it. The top of the sedan was decorated with willows and miscellaneous flowers. Behind the sedan were horsemen and burden bearers, returning from an outing in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep graves. The description of the environment and characters highlights the specific time and customs of the Qingming Festival, which is the prelude to the whole painting.

Middle section, the busy Bianhe River Wharf:

The Bianhe River is a national water transport hub in the Northern Song Dynasty and an important commercial transportation thoroughfare. From the picture, you can see that it is densely populated, grain ships gather, and people have Some were resting in the teahouse, some were fortune-telling, and some were dining in restaurants. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is used to sweep tombs and sell sacrifices. Boats come and go in the river, connected end to end, either pulled by trackers or rowed by boatmen. Some are loaded with goods and sail upstream, and some are anchored on the shore. Nervously unloading. Across the Bian River is a large-scale wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and graceful form. It looks like a flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a large ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatmen used bamboo poles to support them; some used long poles to hook the bridge; some used hemp ropes to hold the boat; and a few people were busy lowering the mast to allow the boat to pass. The people on the neighboring boats were also pointing and shouting something. Everyone inside and outside the boat was busy with the boat crossing the bridge. People on the bridge also stretched their heads and sweated at the tense scene of crossing the ship. This is the famous Hongqiao Wharf area, bustling with traffic and hustle and bustle. It is truly a meeting point for land and water transportation.

The back section, the lively urban streets:

With the tall tower as the center, there are rows of houses on both sides, including tea houses, wine shops, foot shops, butcher shops, temples, and public houses. Wait. The shop specializes in silk fabrics, jewelry and spices, incense, paper horses, etc. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repairs, fortune telling, face shaping and plastic surgery, all kinds of industries, and the big shops have " "Colorful Houses and Happy Doors" hangs market banners to solicit business. Pedestrians in the market are crowded one after another, and there is a constant flow. There are merchants doing business, gentry watching the street scene, officials on horseback, hawkers, and family members riding in sedan chairs. , there are walking monks with backpacks on their backs, tourists from other places asking for directions, children in the streets listening and reading, children from wealthy families drinking heavily in restaurants, disabled old people begging on the edge of the city, men, women, old and young, scholars, farmers, industry and commerce, all three religions and nine streams, Be prepared for anything. Transportation means: sedans, camels, oxen and horse-drawn carriages, rickshaws, peace cars, flat-head cars, all kinds of things are available. Paintings and shapes are displayed in front of people's eyes.

In total, in the five-meter-long scroll, *** painted more than 550 people of various colors, 50 to 60 cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, as well as two carts and bridges. More than ten vehicles and more than twenty ships of various sizes. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of Song Dynasty architecture. Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has high historical value and artistic level.

The immortal masterpiece "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" painted by the famous Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan is a priceless treasure in the history of Chinese painting. It is a long scroll of genre painting created with realism techniques. It vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty through its detailed depiction of city life.

The first collector of this painting was Song Huizong, who inscribed the five words "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" on the painting with his own hand in thin gold. This masterpiece, which has been handed down from generation to generation and is well-known at home and abroad, has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years since its creation. It was the target of subsequent emperors and dignitaries. It has been torn apart, gone through several wars, and experienced many disasters... The book "All the Dust - A Record of the Tragedy of China's Precious Cultural Relics" (Shandong Pictorial Publishing House) records the disasters that "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" suffered. The following is an excerpt from the book.

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