What does employment demand mean?

Question 1: The meaning of employment is answered from three aspects. People often only consider the employment problem from the perspective of economic efficiency and income, which should be said to be incomplete. Whether the employment problem of a society is solved well or not involves all aspects of society and has extremely extensive and far-reaching influence. Employment is related to social equity, very realistic social problems, social security and healthy development. For China society, the employment problem is a very urgent problem. With the gradual deepening of China's modernization and market economy, the importance of this issue has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, we should not only consider the employment effect in economic sense, but also consider the employment effect in social sense.

The social significance of employment is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

First, employment is an indispensable condition for people to enter a normal social life environment.

Everyone can't live without society, and social group life is a basic feature of human life. Normal social group life is the main way for people to enter the normal social living environment. One-sided, narrow and closed social group life will cause people's abnormal social living environment. Social division of labor is a very important factor affecting the life of social groups. With the advancement of modernization, the social division of labor system is becoming more and more complex and thorough, and the social division of labor has an increasing impact on social life. Generally speaking, every member of school-age society should have a unique position in this division of labor system. Every member of school-age society obtains a normal social group life through a specific occupation and a specific job, thus entering a normal social life environment. It is in this sense that the Global Employment Agenda of the International Labour Organization clearly points out that "work is the core of people's lives." Therefore, having a job and having a job is a necessary condition for people to enter and integrate into the normal social life environment on an equal footing. On the contrary, it often means that a person's social life is marginalized, that is, out of the "mainstream" social life plate and into a one-sided, narrow and closed social life situation. If so, it will hinder the communication between the unemployed and other members of society, making this communication an unequal and asymmetric social interaction. "Unemployment leads to anxiety and instability. After the work was interrupted by unemployment, I stopped participating in social life. They also have no courage or willingness to re-establish new social relations. " (F？ Scappiti: American Social Problems, China Social Sciences Press, 1986, p. 437) This kind of unequal social interaction has far-reaching influence. It will not only cause the gap between the unemployed and the normal social living environment, but also seriously hurt the dignity and independent personality of the unemployed, and the degree of injury will deepen with the extension of unemployment time. "An unemployed person loses his self-esteem and influence among the employed, faces the possibility of being rejected by his colleagues, and may also suffer from self-esteem and self-confidence. In the end, the unemployed were severely hit emotionally. " (Sharp et al.: Economics of Social Problems, Renmin University of China Press, 282, 2000).

Second, employment is an effective way to alleviate the gap between the rich and the poor and eliminate poverty on a large scale.

Employment is the main source of basic living expenses for employed people and their relatives. For most members of society, having a stable job means having a relatively stable income, which means that employees and their relatives can live a normal life. When there is a large area of poverty and an excessive gap between the rich and the poor in a society whose economic aggregate is not very backward, it shows that there are serious social problems in this society, especially serious unemployment. Solving the employment problem is directly related to the poverty problem and the severity of the gap between the rich and the poor in this society. The serious unemployment problem is bound to cause the basic economic income of a large number of families in this society to be greatly reduced. If the income of most members of a society is not much different, the consequences of unemployment will be very obvious. For example, like a typical family of three in China, if the family originally belongs to the middle income level, if one of the husband and wife is unemployed, then the family will become a low-income family. Especially in the case of serious lack of social security. It can be seen that the serious unemployment problem will definitely increase the number of poor groups, especially the unemployed themselves and their relatives ... >>

Question 2: What kind of skills do you need for employment in the South? It can only be said that factories with a little scale have introduced CNC machine tools, so now CNC technicians are just like ordinary workers, unless, of course, you know CNC machining centers. . . . Excuse me, what CNC machine tool did you study? If the mold class goes to Zhejiang, after all, Ningbo, Zhejiang is known as the mold city! If you want furniture, go to Guangzhou or Zhongshan. These two cities make a lot of furniture. According to what I learned from the Internet, China Furniture Industry Association has held a seminar on the introduction of furniture numerical control equipment in March this year. It seems that in the near future, basically all furniture manufacturers will enter a new era of CNC equipment production. I feel that the furniture industry is very popular in the later period. I am a mold professional, and now I am engaged in the furniture industry. I suggest you don't think about where to find a good job, and don't think about salary. The most important thing is whether you can learn something. If I enter this factory, am I wasting my time? These two points are your first consideration. There is an old saying. . . Oh, yes, gold shines everywhere! Good luck.

Question 3: How to Deal with the Current Employment Situation 2008 is a very special year, which is not only a year in which China's labor market control is gradually strengthened, but also a year in which a series of major events such as snowstorm, earthquake, Olympic Games and global financial crisis are intertwined. These major events directly or indirectly affected the pattern of social and economic development in China, and constituted the basic situation facing employment at present. What is the current employment situation? First of all, the slowdown in economic growth will affect the growth space of employment. In the third quarter of this year, China's GDP increased by 9% year-on-year, which is the first time that China's economic growth rate has dropped to single digits since 2006, and the annual GDP growth is likely not to exceed 10%, which is bound to be detrimental to the growth of employment demand. Nevertheless, because China still maintains a high level of GDP growth, the basic environment for employment demand growth has not been greatly affected. The key problem is that the structural change of economic growth has a great influence on the employment demand structure. The financial crisis directly affects the employment in this industry, and may trigger a greater employment impact. The international financial tsunami triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States led to the chain bankruptcy of financial institutions and triggered a wave of layoffs in the financial industry. The financial crisis permeates the real economy, which will have a huge negative impact on the whole economic growth. As far as China is concerned, as an integral part of the international financial system, industrial shocks are inevitable, although the existence of a "firewall" in the capital market has slowed down the shocks to some extent. In addition, employment in international trade-related industries will be most obviously affected. If this process continues to affect economic growth, it will be a very unfavorable message for employment growth. Labor market supervision increases labor costs and will reduce labor demand in the short term. For a long time, the rights and interests of China's labor force have not been well protected, which has triggered many labor incidents that have affected social stability. Since 2008, China has successively promulgated the Labor Contract Law, the Employment Promotion Law, the Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Law, and the Regulations for the Implementation of the Labor Contract Law, providing a better legal environment for the protection of labor and employment rights and interests. At the same time, the centralized promulgation of employment protection laws and regulations as a labor market regulation measure will inevitably lead to a rapid rise in labor costs in the short term. No matter what legal management costs are increased, or what labor law experts say is "mainly illegal costs", the result will be a decrease in the demand for labor. Because China's employment legislation does not limit the scale of employees, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and individual economic organizations are most affected by legislation, which leads to the loss of the internationally accepted advantage of "control exemption" for small and medium-sized enterprises, which is not conducive to entrepreneurial incentives. The impact of major domestic natural and social events on employment is mixed. The snowstorm at the beginning of the year and the earthquake in the middle of the year are not good for employment in the short term, but the national and local investment in post-disaster reconstruction will inevitably lead to an increase in labor demand, especially the construction of infrastructure will be a long process. On the contrary, before the opening of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, due to the construction of venues and other reasons, it was actually good for employment. After the Olympic Games, employment in Olympic-related fields will naturally decline.

Question 4: The current employment trend in China is 1. The current overall employment situation.

(1) From the total amount,

At present and in the future, the employment situation in China is still grim, and the contradiction of oversupply of labor force has existed for a long time, and the total pressure is enormous.

First of all, in terms of supply, China is facing a very complicated and extremely severe employment situation. The concrete manifestations are: the increase of labor supply and the increase of total pressure. First, from the stock point of view, the number of unemployed people is increasing, and the number of laid-off people is still relatively large. Second, from the incremental point of view, due to the birth peak, the new labor force has increased significantly; The pressure of transferring rural surplus labor force is still great. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China entered a new peak of population and labor force growth, and the total supply of new labor force reached more than 50 million in five years, especially the number of college graduates continued to grow.

Secondly, in terms of demand, there is a serious shortage of jobs that the whole society can provide. The growth of employment demand is slow, which cannot meet the huge employment supply. According to the statistics provided by the media and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in the next few years, the number of new laborers entering the human resources market in China will reach more than150,000. Together with 9 million unemployed people and new unemployed people due to structural adjustment, energy conservation and emission reduction, the total urban population in China will exceed 24 million people every year. If the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) is maintained at around 8%, it is estimated that 20 1 1 year will create new jobs120,000 people and supplement natural attrition. In this way, the gap between supply and demand of urban employment is still around120,000, and the contradiction is very sharp. Especially in the central and western regions and resource-exhausted cities, the employment problem is more prominent.

In addition, in rural areas, the existing labor force is nearly 500 million people, except for more than 200 million people who have been transferred to employment and 65.438+0.8 billion people who need to farm in rural areas, there are still 65.438+0.2 billion surplus labor forces, and the scale, speed and pressure of transferring employment have further increased. According to the calculation of relevant experts, since the reform and opening up, China's employment elasticity has generally declined year by year, and the contribution of economic growth to employment growth has become weaker and weaker. Therefore, on the whole, the situation that the employment population exceeds demand in China will not change greatly in the short term.

(2) From the structural point of view.

In the case of sharp contradiction of total employment, the structural contradiction of employment is also very prominent. According to the forecast of China Talent Report 20 10 by China Institute of Personnel Science, by 20 1 1, the total supply of professional and technical talents in China will be 45 million, while the total demand will be 68 million. This data shows that China's labor force is generally surplus, but there will still be a shortage of professional and technical personnel.

Primary industry: 20 1 1 The demand for agricultural science and technology talents may reach several million, but the supply of related talents is limited.

Secondary industry: Although the number of graduates from engineering universities in China is increasing every year, a large number of engineers are still needed to revitalize China's industry, mainly focusing on IT, microelectronics, automobiles, environmental protection, system integration, new materials, new energy and energy-saving technology development, bar code technology, railway high-speed passenger transport technology and other fields.

Tertiary industry: This industry will be the sector with the largest number of employees. Some high-end foreign-related talents are in great demand, such as foreign-related accounting, foreign lawyers, foreign-related financial services, simultaneous interpretation, e-commerce, digital media, logistics, actuarial science and psychological consultation.

Similar to the structural contradiction of professional and technical personnel, in recent years, the phenomenon of "employment difficulty" of migrant workers in Chinese mainland and "recruitment difficulty" in the southeast coastal cities coexist, which is also a manifestation of the imbalance of employment structure between regions and industries.

2. Employment situation of college students

The employment problem of college students is a very prominent social problem in recent years, and it is getting worse.

(1) from the analysis of the total employment of college students

With the continuous development of higher education in China, higher education has entered the era of popularization, college graduates have grown rapidly, and the employment of college students has also moved from elite to popularization. There are about 6.3 million college graduates in 20 10, and about 6.6 million college graduates in 2010. Together with previous unemployed graduates who need employment, it is estimated that the total employment of college graduates will exceed 7 million in 20 1 10, and the average annual number of new graduates will reach nearly 7 million during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. The employment situation of college students is quite grim.

(2) From the structural analysis of college students' employment.

There are obvious structural differences in the employment of college graduates from different regions, universities and majors. From the perspective of college students' employment, municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capitals are the first choice for graduates' employment. Judging from the employment situation of college students in various regions after graduation for half a year, the overall employment rate of college students in pan-Yangtze River Delta regional economies is the highest. Judging from the employment situation of college students with different majors after graduation, employment >>

Question 5: What are the main factors affecting employment in China? Undoubtedly, these events will not only affect the overall employment situation, but also affect the employment of college students. However, for college students' employment, the most critical factor is "structural". These factors include short-term oversupply, regional preference and lack of employability, among which solving the problem of insufficient employability will be the basis for effectively solving the employment of college students. From the perspective of time structure, the oversupply growth of college graduates exceeds the demand growth in a short time, and the labor market needs time to adjust gradually. In recent years, China's rapid economic growth, especially the accelerated upgrading of economic structure, has driven a strong demand for college graduates with high human capital stock, thus promoting the rapid development of higher education. In China, only 5% of the employed people have received various university education, while in industrialized countries, the proportion is 25%-30%. Therefore, the need to speed up the improvement of national quality has greatly promoted the rapid development of higher education. The problem is that the supply of college graduates is growing much faster than the economic growth, and more and more college students are looking for jobs. It will take some time for the labor market to gradually digest the oversupply of college graduates in the short term. However, it must be noted that we cannot deny the higher education policy just because college students have temporary employment difficulties. These are two different questions. Strictly speaking, the expansion of higher education enrollment provides more opportunities for young people to receive higher education, which not only promotes educational equity and personal career development potential, but also promotes the overall level of human resources development in China. From the perspective of regional structure, the difference of employment regional preference of college graduates and the dislocation of policy incentives lead to insufficient actual effective demand. Due to the regional and urban-rural differences in China's economic development, it is difficult for economically underdeveloped areas, especially the western region, to form an effective demand for college students, and it will be difficult to change the situation of insufficient regional effective demand for a long time, which is an unfavorable factor for expanding the market demand for college graduates. Although the country's implementation of the western development plan has generated a lot of demand, the price that underdeveloped areas can pay (salary income, development opportunities, mobility, etc.). ) are not enough to compensate the human capital investment of college students. Therefore, according to the labor market mechanism, the combination of supply and demand is impossible. In China, the high flow cost caused by the one-way flow of talents further aggravates the insufficient effective demand in underdeveloped areas. Although the country has also adopted policies and measures such as the "Western Volunteer Program", it is difficult to effectively change this situation in terms of demand expansion and human capital compensation. On the contrary, because big cities are the economic centers of China, they are very attractive to college students' employment, and most of these centers are located in high-end industrial structures, which have a strong demand for college students. However, the demand constraints in some places (explicit index restrictions and implicit administrative restrictions) and the demand constraints on small and medium-sized enterprises or informal sectors (household registration, social security, mobility, etc.). ) leading to the artificial division of the employment market for college students, the result is either a direct and artificial reduction in the effective demand of employers, or. In the ability structure, the employability of college graduates is not based on the demand of career path, so it is difficult to meet the demand of human resources market. With the deepening of China's economic system reform and structural changes in the labor market, the demand pattern of employers has changed significantly. The employer's labor demand behavior is based on the "post qualification model under post analysis" and selects suitable talents in the labor market through the price mechanism. For example, the basic quality requirements of IBM China District for college students are: the first aspect is service consciousness, can you think from the customer's point of view; The second aspect is the ability to innovate and solve problems; The third aspect is communication ability; The fourth aspect is team spirit, professional ethics and business ethics. However, college students can't meet the "post qualification model" well. For individuals, employability depends on the assets they own, such as knowledge, skills and attitudes, the way they use and allocate these assets, the way they show these assets to their employers, and the specific environment in which they look for jobs (personal environment and labor market environment). Because college students are made as a "product" in the higher education system, the lack of employability is mainly related to universities. This is not only related to the traditional relatively centralized higher education management system, but also related to the lack of educational ability of colleges and universities themselves. For a long time, universities have not adapted quickly ... >>

Question 6: Explain the difference between employment and flexible employment;

Under the background of statistical employment rate in colleges and universities, some college graduates are "employed". Most of them are familiar with "required employment", that is, the school requires unemployed graduates to find a chapter in the agreement to prove employment; Now it is revealed in the net post that there have also been some cases in which employment has been kept in the dark, and graduates have been hired without knowing it.

There was once a vivid word "suicide" circulating on the Internet to express doubts about some abnormal death cases. A few days ago, a college graduate posted a copy of a new word: "being employed". The poster said that he was signed an employment agreement without knowing it.

It is no longer news that some colleges and universities take measures to ensure the employment rate. In 2006, the Anhui Provincial Department of Education publicly criticized that "some colleges and universities require unemployed students to provide employment agreements by withholding their diplomas, and as a result, students are forced to make fakes and even pretend to be receiving units in small shops near the school."

However, as this post says, it is rare for schools to "arrange services" to this extent, and even get the envy of other graduates who need to find their own seals.

Netizen ug 198 1 has an incisive interpretation of "being employed": graduation packages (excluding posts, wages and other related benefits) will be distributed this year.

Word source:

The fresh graduates angrily asked: Who signed the employment agreement for me? Water injection employment rate! Published in Tianya Forum on July 12. The author "miscellaneous sauce miscellaneous sauce" said: "I was hired, I was hired, so excited, I was hired without knowing the truth! "In this way, the word" being employed "was born, and it was put in the title in the process of reprinting in the forum:" In July 2009, I graduated, and I was also "employed".

According to the author, he remembers to look at his own materials when transferring the file relationship in a talent center in a city. I was surprised to find an employment agreement with a red stamp. Looking at the above content, "I was shocked. Oh, my God, I really got a job. The name of the employer and the red seal of the employer are written in black and white on the agreement. The employer is XX Industrial Company, which he has never even heard of.

"I won't look for a job from today. I will go to that XX industrial company and ask it for a position and a salary! " Sauce and sauce are mixed together.

Flexible employment refers to various forms of employment based on industrialization and modern factory system, which are different from traditional mainstream employment methods in working hours, income and remuneration, workplace, insurance and welfare, labor relations and so on. Refers to laid-off workers who are engaged in temporary workers such as community convenience service, domestic service and logistics service of enterprises and institutions in streets, communities and other organizations. It does not include individual industrial and commercial households that have obtained business licenses and employees of private enterprises that establish labor relations.

Flexible forms of employment mainly include the following: informal sector employment, that is, employment and employment forms in which labor standards (working conditions, working hours, wages, insurance and welfare benefits), production organization management and labor relations operation fail to meet the standards of general enterprises, mainly referring to small enterprises, micro-enterprises and family workshops.

The forms of employment independent of the unit are: self-employed employment, including self-employed and partnership; Self-employed, such as freelancers, lawyers, freelance writers, singers, models, intermediary service workers, etc. Temporary workers, such as domestic hourly workers, street vendors and other odd jobs. It mainly consists of the following three parts:

(1) Self-employed workers: including self-employed workers (self-employed) and freelancers who engage in professional activities in their personal capacity.

(2) Domestic helpers: people who help family members to engage in production and business activities. Other flexible employees: mainly refer to part-time workers, seasonal workers, labor contract workers, labor dispatch workers, family hourly workers and other ordinary workers.

Kunming forum [/url]

Question 7: What is the market demand and employment prospect of online marketing? Hello, I'm glad to answer your questions:

First, network marketing is a modern marketing method through the Internet.

Simply put, network marketing means that enterprises use the network for marketing promotion. Enterprises first understand people's needs on the internet, and then meet people's needs through the internet, so that people can better understand the enterprise and realize enterprise promotion. But it is not an online transaction, but a marketing tool. Network marketing is only a part of enterprise marketing objectives.

Second, the development prospect of network marketing is:

First of all, the development prospect of online marketing is very broad. There are more and more websites in China, and they are growing steadily year by year. Moreover, network marketing has become a marketing tool for many enterprises, and enterprises will introduce the characteristics of their products, because ordinary customers will learn about them online before buying products.

Secondly, there are more and more consumer groups on the Internet. The more people surf the Internet, the stronger the means of online marketing. Finally, with the continuous expansion of network sales talents, the continuous development of network technology and the increasing demand for network marketing, many college graduates have chosen network design. Network marketing will bring more employment demand.

3. What are the main advantages?

1, the network spreads very fast, and there are many people surfing the Internet every day, with a high number of clicks. You can know when you want, and you don't need to be limited by time.

2. Network marketing has no cost, which can reduce the marketing cost of enterprises. Reporting the advantages of products directly on the internet to let customers know can improve the sales of enterprise products.

Now the internet has spread all over the world, so the products of some enterprises can also be known and understood by foreign people, so that the sales field of enterprises will be broader. Moreover, network marketing does not need to pay any fees to the international market, so it also saves a lot of operating costs.

4, network marketing with the development of technology, like more dimensions. On the Internet, you can vividly express your company's products, help people better understand product information, and even simulate the use of products. Traditional paper marketing is very expensive in manpower, material resources and financial resources, while modern network marketing overcomes this shortcoming.

Every enterprise's products are aimed at different consumer groups, and enterprises can design their own online marketing methods according to their own characteristics. So network marketing is very targeted. On the other hand, enterprises can carry out marketing as long as they design a good website, which saves the time of going online.

6. Internet marketing is very flexible, and you can search for a product you want to know repeatedly. Compared with TV advertising, online marketing is something that people actively learn, not passively accept, and the cost of TV advertising is also very high. There are many people surfing the Internet every day, so the attention of online marketing is very high.

Fourthly, the talent demand of network marketing mainly includes: website operation, online shop operation, SEO optimization, SEM, interactive marketing, network promotion and so on.

As a new technology, online marketing has attracted more and more attention and love. Network marketing is accepted by more and more enterprises because of its broad development prospects and incomparable advantages of many traditional marketing methods. I hope everyone knows more about online marketing and treats it correctly.

Question 8: What are the hot spots of employment now? With China's economy growing at a rate of 10% for five consecutive years, the employment situation has been improving. At present, the labor supply and demand are basically balanced, and the labor supply is slightly greater than the demand. Generally speaking, the relationship between supply and demand of labor force in China is undergoing fundamental changes. With the acceleration of population aging, the pressure of labor supply is weakening. At present, the total working-age population is still growing, but the annual increment is decreasing. Unlike the changes in labor supply, labor demand has grown strongly. With the structural adjustment marked by the reform of state-owned enterprises coming to an end, the market allocation capacity of labor resources has been enhanced, the economic structure has changed to a direction more conducive to the use of labor, the absorption of employment by economic growth has gradually increased, and the employment demand has increased rapidly. Some regions and industries are even plagued by insufficient labor supply. The above changes mean that the situation of labor supply and demand in China is undergoing fundamental changes, and the contradiction between labor supply and demand is weakening, but the structural contradiction is becoming more and more prominent. The author analyzes the current employment situation and hot issues.

Key words: employment situation, labor contract law, benefit distribution pattern, labor market, labor cost, labor supply and demand.

I. Current employment situation

With China's economy growing at a rate of 10% for five consecutive years, the employment situation has been improving. In 2007, the number of newly-increased urban employees reached the best level since the implementation of the active employment policy, reaching12.04 million, accounting for 134% of the annual target. The number of laid-off workers re-employed is the highest in recent years. In 2007, 50,000 laid-off workers were re-employed, accounting for 1.03% of the annual target. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns continued to decline steadily. At the end of 2007, the registered urban unemployment rate was 4.0%, which was 0. 1 percentage point lower than that at the end of 2006.

At present, the labor supply and demand are basically balanced, and the labor supply is slightly greater than the demand. According to the statistical analysis of the information of occupational supply and demand in the labor market of 94 cities in China by China Labor Market Information Network Monitoring Center, in the fourth quarter of 2007, employers recruited about 410.2 million people through the labor market, and about 4.22 million job seekers entered the labor market, with a recruitment ratio of about 0.98. 79. 1% of the enterprises' employment demand is concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, residents' service and other services, leasing and business services, and construction, accounting for 30%, 16.2%,1.8% and 9./respectively. Among them, the employment demand of manufacturing and construction industry accounts for about 93.1%of the total employment demand of the secondary industry; The employment demand of wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, residential services and other services, leasing and business services accounts for about 73. 1% of the total employment demand of the tertiary industry.

Generally speaking, the relationship between supply and demand of labor force in China is undergoing fundamental changes. With the acceleration of population aging, the pressure of labor supply is weakening. At present, the total working-age population is still growing, but the annual increment is decreasing. The working population in the 15-59 age group is expected to grow to 20 1 1 year, and the growth of the working population in the 15-64 age group will continue until about 20 14 year. After that, the absolute number of working-age population will stop growing and the scale will gradually shrink. Unlike the changes in labor supply, labor demand has grown strongly. With the structural adjustment marked by the reform of state-owned enterprises coming to an end, the market allocation capacity of labor resources has been enhanced, the economic structure has changed to a direction more conducive to the use of labor, the absorption of employment by economic growth has gradually increased, and the employment demand has increased rapidly. Some regions and industries are even plagued by insufficient labor supply. The above changes mean that the situation of labor supply and demand in China is undergoing fundamental changes, and the contradiction between labor supply and demand is weakening, but the structural contradiction is becoming more and more prominent.

Two, the outstanding characteristics of the current employment contradiction: "shortage" and "surplus".

(A) Enterprise "recruitment difficulties": Is there a labor shortage?

Since 2004, enterprises in economically developed coastal areas began to find it difficult to recruit workers. This phenomenon has not only not eased, but has intensified. Even in the main export areas of labor force, such as some provinces in central China, labor shortage has appeared one after another. The survey shows that the Pearl River Delta region is the most serious lack of work. At present, there is a shortage of nearly 2 million people, and the proportion of lack of work is about 10%. According to the enterprise survey data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in the spring of 2006, only 3 1.7% of the enterprises were fully recruited, and 32.2% of the enterprises were fully recruited. & gt