Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Psychology Important Figures in 2019: Pavlov Test Points Review

>>> Summary of the November 2019 Tianjin teaching recruitment course 30 days before the national examination

1. The reason for forgetting? The theory of memory trace decline (automatic fading)

Claim: Forgetting is the result of memory traces not being strengthened and gradually declining and eventually fading.

Exam preparation guidance: Objective questions can be understood by contacting the "fading" in the learning law in Pavlov's learning theory.

2. Characteristics of temperament type? The theory of high-level neural activity types

Pavlov believed that a person’s temperament is determined by a person’s high-level neural activity type. He found that the basic neural processes of the cerebral cortex have three basic characteristics: strength, balance and flexibility. According to these three characteristics, individual neural activities can be divided into different types of neural activities.

1. Basic characteristics of neural processes

(1) Strength of neural processes: refers to the ability of the nervous system to excite and inhibit.

(2) Balance: refers to the relative strength of excitement and inhibition abilities.

(3) Flexibility: refers to the speed of conversion between excitement and inhibition.

2. Correspondence between temperament and high-level neurological types

(1) Choleric temperament? Strong, unbalanced

(2) Sanguine temperament? Strong, balanced , Flexible

(3) Phlegmatic temperament? Strong, balanced, inflexible

(4) Depressive temperament? Weak

Exam preparation guide: Can understand strength and balance With flexible meanings, focus on matching temperament types with high-level neural activity types, and prepare for the exam with objective questions.

3. Learning theory? Operant conditioning theory

1. Experiment: Classical conditioning experiment (dog eating rattle experiment)

Pavlov When I was studying the eating behavior of dogs, I found that when dogs eat food, they will secrete saliva. This is a natural physiological reaction that does not require learning. This reaction is called unconditional reflex. The stimulus that causes this reaction is food, which is called unconditional reflex. Stimulate. If a bell is sounded every time the dog eats, after a period of time, the dog will salivate as long as it hears the bell. This is because the bell as a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus due to its connection with the unconditioned stimulus. The saliva secretion caused by this is Conditioned reflexes are called "classical conditioning" by later generations.

2. Classification of reflexes

(1) Unconditioned reflex: It is a reflex that is inherited by humans and animals and can be learned without learning. It is also called instinct.

(2) Conditioned reflex: It is a learned reflex acquired by humans and animals.

3. Types of conditioned stimuli

(1) First signal system: any physical conditioned stimulus that can cause a conditioned response.

(2) Second signal system: any language-mediated conditioned stimulus that can cause a conditioned response.

Note: The first signal system and the second signal system are both for conditioned reflexes!

3. Basic rules of classical conditioned reflexes

(1) Acquisition and extinction

① Acquisition of conditioned reflex: refers to the process of repeatedly matching the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus so that the conditioned stimulus acquires signal meaning, that is, the process of establishing conditioned reflex.

② Extinction of conditioned reflex: It means that after the conditioned reflex is formed, if the conditioned stimulus is repeated many times without being accompanied by an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will become weaker and weaker and eventually disappear.

(2) Stimulus generalization and differentiation

① Stimulus generalization: Once humans and animals learn to make a conditioned response to a specific conditioned stimulus, other conditioned stimuli will respond to the conditioned stimulus. Similar stimuli can also induce conditioned responses.

② Stimulus differentiation: Through selective reinforcement and extinction, the organism learns to respond differently to conditioned stimuli and stimuli similar to the conditioned stimuli.

Exam preparation guidance: The "Classical Conditioning Theory" part is the most important part of the Pavlov test. It also mainly uses objective questions to prepare for the test. It is recommended to remember the name of Pavlov's experiment during the test preparation process. , clarify the difference between conditioned reflex and unconditioned reflex, generalization and differentiation, and understand the conditions for establishing conditioned reflex. Among them, generalization can be simply understood as the same response to similar stimuli; differentiation can be simply understood as different responses to similar stimuli; the two are complementary processes, not antagonistic processes.

Analysis