How about Jinqiao Village Bank in Wudu District, Longnan, Gansu? Treatment, development

On July 20th, Jinqiao Village Bank in Wudu, Longnan, Gansu Province was established for two years. In two years, this village bank with only eight loan officers did not have a bad loan.

The rushing Bailong River flows through Wudu, and the towering mountains on both sides are rugged mountain roads, which are people who have lived in Sri Lanka for generations. Planting peppers, walnuts and olives, and selling peppers and pig hair are their main businesses.

In this ravine, Jinqiao Rural Bank issued loans of1.1.600 million yuan, including loans for supporting agriculture of 84.92 million yuan, * * * involving 18 townships, 104 administrative villages and 2,838 farmers, and issued loans for post-disaster reconstruction of 779 households of 37.26 million yuan.

Lending in the backcountry

In the autumn of 2004, Wang Fang, who works in a local company, saw the recruitment notice of Jinqiao Rural Bank and took the exam. Today, Wang Fang, who once knew nothing about banks, became the business manager of this bank.

At the same time, Fan Guotai, a young man who works in a tobacco company, came in. Fan Guotai from the countryside has a deep understanding of the difficulty of farmers' loans. He told China Economic Weekly, "When I was a child, I opened a retail department at home, and I couldn't get a loan at all." At that time, rural loans could only go to credit cooperatives, and there was no other choice.

In Wang Fang's memory, the first business to enter the village bank was to issue loans to sell walnuts to 1 100 households in Luozhai Village, Hanwang Town, Wudu District. On the first day, they went into the village to investigate and understand the situation. That night, they opened the passbook until 4 o'clock in the morning. The next day, they came to the village with a passbook and 500,000 yuan in cash, and distributed the money to the farmers on the spot.

"At that time, the farmers were very excited. They have never been exposed to such a bank. " Wang Fang told China Economic Weekly, "This also made me very excited and felt that I had made a correct choice."

The issuance of this first huge loan made people sweat for Sun Wuqiang, president of Jinqiao Rural Bank. Sun Wuqiang, who is familiar with the local rural situation, has no doubt about his decision, but someone in the local financial community kindly reminded him that 6.5438+0.8 million yuan is not a small figure. What if I can't get it back then? The risk is too great!

A year later, the villagers in Luozhai Village not only repaid the loan on time, but also sent a banner of thanks.

In the interview, Sun Wuqiang talked about Yunus, the Nobel Peace Prize winner, and was full of admiration for the father of microfinance, who was known as the "banker of the poor". "He gave us the strength to move forward."

Temporarily solve the "thirst for funds" in the "hometown of peppers"

In Hejiaping Village, Xushan Township at an altitude of 1200m, 60% of farmers are engaged in the trafficking of Morchella, mainly buying wild Morchella from Jiuzhaigou and Diebu, and then trafficking it to Chengdu and other places. Pan Chunping, director of the village, told China Economic Weekly, "Due to the financial crisis, the price of Morchella has dropped by more than half, causing many villagers to lose money. This year's Morchella acquisition season, Jinqiao Village Bank's loan is really a gift in the snow! "

Jinqiao Rural Bank loaned 42 households in Li Shuping Village, Majie Town, 800 meters above sea level, totaling 6,543,800 yuan. Yang Fucai, the secretary of the village, borrowed 50,000 yuan from the bank in the village to buy and transport pepper, and also set up a yellow winery, achieving a gross profit of about 600,000 per year.

Ma Hongshou, secretary of Yaopo Village, Berlin Township, Wudu District, told China Economic Weekly that the four major industries in the village are animal husbandry, labor export, peppers and vegetables. Among them, more than 700 mu of peppers are planted, and more than 60% of farmers are engaged in cattle and sheep breeding and trafficking. "The village Committee has always wanted to make aquaculture and pepper industry bigger and stronger, but it is unable to do so, and the funds are not strong. People have to mortgage if they can't get money from credit cooperatives." Mu Zhong, chairman of the village aquaculture association, said: "The loan from Jinqiao Village Bank has solved the urgent needs of farmers."

Regarding the development of characteristic industries in some remote local mountain villages, Sun Wu said: "With our support, I believe that after three years, the economies of these villages will have great development." Every time Sun Wuqiang went to a village, he told the farmers, "Jinqiao Village Bank serves the countryside. As long as you are honest, we will increase the loan amount year by year to meet the loan needs of the people. "

According to reports, at the beginning of the establishment of Wudu Jinqiao Rural Bank, the first task was to send a working group to the towns and villages in Wudu District for investigation. On the basis of grasping the current financial needs of towns and villages along Wudu Highway, the market positioning of "basing on local conditions, serving towns and villages, adhering to small amount and developing economy" has been determined. The initiator of this policy is Li Zhiwen, the major shareholder of Jinqiao Rural Bank and the chairman of Lanzhou Bank.

The recovery rate of matured loans is 100%.

It is reported that there are high risks in rural financial credit. In order to solve this risk, Wudu Jinqiao Rural Bank has explored its own unique loan risk control model, namely "farmers' application, farmers' joint guarantee, cadres' recommendation and fund guarantee".

Quan Guo, chairman of Jinqiao Village Bank in Wudu District, Longnan City, told reporters that the main process of this model is: farmers need loans and must participate in the joint guarantee team composed of 3 to 5 households in the village. At the same time, 5 to 7 village cadres and respected villagers form a loan recommendation Committee to conduct preliminary examination and recommendation on farmers' qualifications and loans to join the joint guarantee team, and the joint guarantee fund in the village guarantees.

After paying off the principal and interest of the loan at maturity, the joint guarantee fund paid by 2% of the original loan amount will be returned in full. In case of default, the principal and interest of the loan owed by the fund will be deducted. The application of this model effectively ensures the safety, liquidity and efficiency of loans, and improves the current situation of farmers' difficulty in obtaining loans. President Sun said that up to now, the recovery rate of loans due is 100%, and there are no non-performing loans.

The popularity of Wudu Jinqiao Village Bank by local people is inseparable from the fact that the bank determines the repayment period according to the production cycle of farmers. Because local banking institutions usually lend money at the beginning of the year and collect money at the end of the year, they often borrow money when they don't need it (usually they don't lend money in the middle of the year) and pay it back when they use it, which brings great inconvenience and undue losses to the loan farmers. To this end, Wudu Jinqiao Rural Bank changed this bad situation and determined the repayment period according to the production cycle of local farmers.

Reporter's notes

Village banks should not be "discriminated"

Rural banks were approved by China Banking Regulatory Commission at the end of 2006. Longnan Wudu Jinqiao Village Bank has only been established for two years. Its living environment is not optimistic, and there are still many bottlenecks restricting its development and growth. When it comes to the development prospect of Wudu Jinqiao Village Bank, President Sun seems to be somewhat helpless and wronged.

Rural banks mainly support vulnerable groups such as farmers, farmers and local small and micro enterprises, but they cannot get effective support from the government and compete with other rural banking institutions.

Also for the "three rural" services, some banking institutions may not pay business tax and income tax, but rural banks must pay 5.56% business tax and surcharges and 25% corporate income tax.

By the end of June 2009, Wudu Jinqiao Rural Bank had issued 779 households with 37.26 million yuan in post-disaster reconstruction loans. However, compared with other banks supporting reconstruction, rural banks do not accept government interest subsidies. This kind of "discrimination" hurts the village banks.

In addition, the growth of village bank deposits is slow and financing is difficult. The lack of deposit growth is a prominent problem in the operation and development of rural banks. Mainly farmers have doubts about the popularity and credibility of village banks, thinking that village banks are "private banks" and are unwilling to save money. The main manifestations are as follows: first, there are few outlets, short service radius and no outlets in towns and villages; Second, limited by financial strength, financial services are single; Third, the settlement channel is not smooth and lacks modern means; Fourth, after the earthquake, most of the villagers' deposits were used for post-disaster reconstruction, and it was difficult for funds to be returned and turned around in a short time.

In this regard, the industry hopes that the government and relevant departments will pay attention to and attach importance to rural banks. At the same time, some experts called for: "In order to improve the ability of rural banks to support the local economy and the amount of funds available, the central bank should give rural banks some special preferential policies, such as reducing the deposit reserve ratio of rural banks, raising the loan-to-deposit ratio and raising the level of interest rate marketization."