What do you need to learn to be a network administrator?

1. Servers and workstations

The server is the backbone of the network and the core of information technology. The server is a high-performance computer, and its components include a CPU (central processing unit) , memory, hard disk, various buses, etc., it can provide various exclusive services (network, Web applications, databases, files, printing, etc.) and other high-performance applications. Its high performance is mainly reflected in high speed computing power, long-term reliable operation, powerful external data throughput capabilities, etc.

Currently, foreign servers include brands such as IBM, HP, SUN, and DELL, while domestic servers include brands such as Inspur, Lenovo, and Sugon.

Workstation, whose English name is Workstation, is based on personal computers and distributed network computing and is mainly oriented to professional application fields. According to different software and hardware platforms, workstations are generally divided into UNIX system workstations based on RISC (Reduced Instruction System) architecture and PC workstations based on Windows and Intel.

UNIX workstation is a high-performance professional workstation with a powerful processor (previously mostly RISC chips) and optimized memory, I/O (input/output), graphics subsystem, using specialized Some processors (Alpha, MIPS, Power, etc.), memory, graphics and other hardware systems, proprietary UNIX operating systems, and application software for specific hardware platforms are incompatible with each other.

PC workstations are based on high-performance X86 processors, use stable operating systems such as Windows NT, Windows2000, and WINDOWS High-performance storage, I/O (input/output), network and other subsystems are used to meet the requirements for professional software operation; workstations based on NT, WIN2000, and XP adopt standard and open system platforms, which can maximize Lower cost of ownership.

Currently, many manufacturers have launched workstations suitable for different user groups, such as IBM, DELL, HP, etc.

The installation, configuration, operation and maintenance of servers and workstation systems are also one of the important qualities that a successful network administrator must possess.

2. Router

Router is a key device for connecting networks in the network. As a hub for connecting different networks, the router system constitutes the international Internet based on TCP/IP The main node of the Internet, or in other words, the router builds the skeleton of the Internet, and its processing speed and reliability directly affect the quality of network interconnection.

There are two ways to configure the router: one is to configure it through the configuration port of the router, using a computer or terminal, and the other is to use the network to configure it through Telnet commands. However, the prerequisite for using the second method is that the user has correctly configured the IP address of each interface of the router; so the first method is more versatile.

At present, the main foreign manufacturers that produce routers include CISCO (Cisco), Nortel Networks, etc., and domestic manufacturers include Huawei. As a network administrator, you must be able to master the installation and debugging of routers from various manufacturers. This is one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must possess.

3. Switch and Hub (HUB)

The English name of the switch is "Switch". It is an upgraded product of the hub. From the appearance, it is basically the same as the hub. There's not much difference, they're both cuboids with multiple ports. A switch is a general term for technology that uses manual or automatic equipment to transmit the information to be transmitted to the corresponding route that meets the requirements according to the needs of the two ends of the communication to transmit information. The main functions of the switch include physical addressing, network topology, error checking, frame sequencing, and flow control. At present, some high-end switches also have some new functions, such as support for VLAN (Virtual LAN), support for link aggregation, and some even have routing and firewall functions.

A switch is a network device that is based on MAC address recognition and can complete the function of encapsulating and forwarding data packets.

At present, the mainstream switch manufacturers are represented by foreign CISCO (Cisco), 3COM, and Allnet, and domestically mainly include Huawei, D-LINK, etc.

The English name of the hub is "Hub". The main function of the hub is to regenerate, shape and amplify the received signal to expand the transmission distance of the network and at the same time concentrate all nodes on the node centered on it. superior. Hubs are pure hardware network underlying devices and basically do not have the "intelligent memory" and "learning" capabilities similar to switches. It also does not have the MAC address table that the switch has, so when it sends data, it is not targeted, but uses broadcast mode to send it.

Mastering the installation and configuration of switches, as well as daily handling of switch failures, is also one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must possess.

4. Firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

The English name of firewall is "FireWall", which is currently one of the most important network protection devices. From a professional perspective, a firewall is a set of components located between two (or more) networks to implement access control between the networks. A firewall can isolate an enterprise's internal local area network (LAN) network from the Internet or other external networks, and restrict mutual network access to protect the internal network.

At present, almost half of the domestic firewall market is occupied by foreign brands. The advantages of foreign brands are mainly that they are higher in technology and popularity than domestic products. Domestic firewall manufacturers have a better understanding of domestic users and have more price advantages. Among firewall products, the mainstream foreign manufacturers are Cisco, CheckPoint, NetScreen, etc., and the domestic mainstream manufacturers are Neusoft, Tianrongxin, Lenovo, Founder, etc. They all provide different levels of firewall products.

Intrusion detection system (IDS, Intrusion Detection Systems). Professionally speaking, it is to monitor the operating status of the network and system in accordance with certain security policies, and to discover various attack attempts, attack behaviors or attack results as much as possible to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of network system resources.

In essence, an intrusion detection system is a typical "snooping device." It does not span multiple physical network segments (usually only has one listening port), and does not need to forward any traffic, but only needs to passively and silently collect the messages it cares about on the network.

As an important part of network security, firewalls and IDS are the security devices we use most every day. Therefore, mastering the installation, configuration and application of firewalls and IDS is one of the qualities that a successful network administrator must possess.

5. Other hardware equipment

In integrated wiring equipment, in addition to the most important transmission media, such as twisted pairs and optical fiber cables, there are many wiring equipment. use. Commonly used ones include RJ45 plugs, information sockets, patch panels, fiber optic connectors, wire strippers, wire tying pliers, network cable pliers, network cable modules, and line measuring instruments. Network administrators must learn to operate and use them skillfully.

In network storage, a disk array is a system that combines several hard disk drives into a whole according to certain requirements, and the entire disk array is managed by an array controller. A tape library is a tape-based backup system like an autoloading tape drive. The tape library consists of multiple drives, multiple slots, and a robotic arm. The robotic arm can automatically remove and load tapes. It provides the same basic automatic backup and data recovery capabilities, but with more advanced technical features. Mastering the installation, operation and use of network storage devices is also something network administrators must learn.

When constructing a wireless LAN, install, debug and apply wireless LAN products such as wireless routers, wireless network bridge APs, wireless network cards, and antennas.

In short, as a successful network administrator, you must have a certain understanding of various network devices. You must treat the use of each network product carefully and ensure the equipment's safety in a certain network environment. To operate normally and stably, network administrators must have "broad" and "specialized" qualities through hard study, good practice, and diligence in summarizing. Only in this way can a network administrator be truly successful.