Iranian diplomacy

According to China's "History Book", during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent his deputy to rest in peace (that is, Persia), and the king of rest in peace ordered twenty thousand cavalry to meet him. The ceremony was extremely grand.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, An Shigao, the prince and monk of the Rest King, also visited Korea and lived in China for many years.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, Persia sent envoys to China for more than ten friendly receptions with the Northern Wei Dynasty. With the friendly exchanges between the two sides, China culture spread to the western regions, and the western region culture spread to China. The "Silk Road" in China, Iran and other countries has also been fully unblocked, opening a new era of economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries. China's silk, porcelain, well-drilling, ironmaking, lacquer-making, reeling and other technologies were introduced to Iran and other West Asian countries, and Iranian products such as broad beans, alfalfa, grapes, walnuts and pomegranate were also introduced to China.

In the Tang Dynasty, the communication between the two countries reached its peak. Later Persia was invaded by foreign countries. The king of Persia personally visited the Tang Empire and asked for help. Tang Gaozong made him governor and sent troops to escort him home, but he failed to return home and died in Chang 'an. His son niles failed to work out a plan to revive the country. He returned to China between Tang Zhongzong and the Year of the Dragon and died in Chang 'an. At that time, niles led thousands of Persians, some of whom became generals, diplomats, astronomers, doctors and scholars in the Tang Dynasty.

During the war-torn Song Dynasty, the "Silk Road" on land was interrupted several times. At this time, the shipbuilding industry began to develop and compass needles were used one after another. Many Persians came to China, Guangzhou, Yangzhou and Quanzhou by sea to do business, and some settled there. This is what people later called the "ceramic road" at sea. According to records, the method of issuing bank notes in China spread to Persia in the Yuan Dynasty, and later the pattern on Persian bank notes still retained China characters. At that time, historians of the two countries also co-edited the history book "Historical Records". Western music and dance from Persia and other countries are also very popular in Chang 'an.

During the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty and Prince Shaharu of Central Asia sent huge delegations of 300 and 500 people to exchange visits. During Zheng He's seven voyages to the West, three of them reached rushmore (now Hormuz) in the Persian Gulf. Fei Xin, who accompanied Zheng He on his visit at that time, wrote poems describing local customs and specialties. 15 16, the book A Journey to China, written by Persian traveler Ali Akbar, later became precious historical materials and an important witness to the friendly exchanges between China and Iran. According to research, these two countries have spread and transplanted dozens of plants for many years. Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism in Persia were once popular in China. In terms of Iran-China economic and trade cooperation, China is Iran's largest trading partner in Asia and the third largest trading partner in the world.

Culturally, China and Iran set up a joint cultural committee and held regular meetings. Iran is one of the major economies in Asia. Iranian economic strength ranks seventh in Asia (after China, Japan, India, South Korea, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia). According to the preliminary data of the Economic Accounts Bureau of the Bank of Iran in 20 1 1 year, Iran's nominal GDP is 43 at the current basic price, that is,1389 (March 2065438+0-March 20, 2065438 +0 1). Based on the comparable base price 1376 Iranian calendar, the real GDP was 53921900 million Iranian rials, up 5.8% year-on-year. The GDP deflator is 798.24, with a year-on-year change of 14.3%.

20 1 1 year, Iran's nominal basic price GDP is equivalent to $41631300 million, nominal market price GDP is equivalent to $4 19 1.0 1 100 million, and the nominal market price GDP per capita is about The economy is dominated by oil exploitation, and Iran's petrochemical, steel and automobile manufacturing industries are also relatively developed. The electronic industry, nuclear industry and computer software and hardware industries have developed rapidly. Iran's machinery manufacturing industry has made great progress. Khuzestan is an oil industrial zone and an important gateway to the ocean.

Iran is rich in oil resources and is the fourth largest oil producer in the world and the second largest oil exporter in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Oil is the lifeblood of Iraq's economy and one of the main sources of foreign exchange income, accounting for more than half of Iraq's total foreign exchange income. Iraq's economy maintained steady growth. In 20 10, Iraq's GDP was $411400 million, with a year-on-year increase of 2.9% and a per capita GDP of $5,478. From 65438 to 0920, Iran began to gradually develop large-scale studios. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iraq bombed Iran's petrochemical plants and Abadan oil fields, which slowed down oil production. The refinery 1988 began to be rebuilt, and 1993 began to be normal. However, during the war, many small factories also produced munitions for the army.

The country mainly produces petrochemical products, steel and copper products. Other major raw materials include automobiles, household appliances, communication equipment, cement, industrial machinery (Iran has the largest machinery industry in West Asia), paper, rubber products, agricultural products, processed foods, wool products and medicines. The local textile industry is supplied with cotton and wool, employing 400,000 people, of whom 2,000 are in Tehran, Isfahan and the Caspian Sea.

According to The Economist, Iran ranks 38th in the world industry, with a gross domestic product of $23 billion. From 2008 to 2009, the growth value of Iranian industrial production jumped from 69 to 28.

The report of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in 2003 pointed out the obstacles to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Iran, including lack of supervision, lack of effective banking system, lack of research and development, lack of management skills, corruption, poor tax system, cultural fear, educational restrictions, failure to internationalize, lack of labor skills, lack of intellectual property rights, lack of research centers, lack of social learning and the influence of traditional culture. However, recent research also shows that Iran has also made rapid development in various fields, including science and technology, medical care, aerospace, national defense and heavy industry. Under the economic sanctions of the United States, the country quickly became an industrialized country, and agriculture played an important role in the national economy. Iran is rich in agricultural resources. The cultivated land area in China exceeds 52 million hectares, accounting for more than 30% of its land area, and the cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.8 million hectares, including 8.3 million hectares of irrigated land and 9.4 million hectares of dry land. The agricultural population accounts for 43% of the total population, and the per capita arable land of farmers is 5. 1 hectare. The degree of agricultural mechanization is low, and the number of comprehensive harvesters and tractors is 1.3 million and 360 thousand respectively. The Iraqi government attaches great importance to and vigorously develops agriculture, and food production has achieved 90% self-sufficiency.

The main agricultural producing areas are concentrated in the coastal plains of Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf, and most areas are dry and short of water. Since 2003, the Iranian government has increased its agricultural support year by year, focusing on the construction of farmland infrastructure such as irrigation, agricultural scientific research, credit and natural environment protection, in order to improve the farming environment, enhance farmers' enthusiasm for production, and strive to achieve the industrial growth target of 13.5% set by the government in the fourth five-year social and economic development plan. Iran has 10% of the world's oil resources. Iran also has the second largest natural gas resources in the world, mainly in South Pas, and most of the natural gas is for domestic use. Iran has become a major oil producer since 19 13. The main oil fields are located in central China and zagros mountains in western Iran. Oil can also be found on land in northern Iran and along the Persian Gulf. Local oil, gas and hydropower facilities provide national energy. In 20 10, Iran built the first Bushehr nuclear power plant with a value of 10 billion dollars.

In the late period of 1970, Iran became the fourth largest oil producer, followed by the second largest oil producer and the second largest oil producer of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Due to the revolution of 1979, the government reduced oil production because the country needed to store oil. Oil production decreased during the Iran-Iraq war. Oil production increased again in the AD1980s, repairing damaged oil pipes and developing oil fields along the Persian Gulf.

The main oil fields are located in Abadan (built in 19 13, which is the first oil field in China), Kermanshah and Teheran, but they cannot meet the local demand for liquefied petroleum gas. The oil refining industry needs to invest US$ 654.38+0.5 billion to achieve self-sufficiency and stop importing within five years. Oil pipelines connect refineries with coastal cities such as Abadan, Bandar Machur and Kharg Island. 1990 Iranian state-owned oil and gas enterprises use foreign capital to explore more oil fields.

The managed fertilizer plant and the world's largest ethylene facility in Salou are planned by Iranian Sinopharm Group, and the income from petroleum products reached 5.5 billion US dollars in 2007 and nearly 9 billion US dollars in 2008.

In 2004, Iran's oil output reached 65.438+0.4 billion, and its net profit reached 50 billion dollars. Officials predict that if the plan goes smoothly, the revenue of 20 15 will reach 250 billion dollars. Iran produces 60-70% industrial equipment for local use, including refineries, tankers, oil rigs, oil wells and exploration equipment.

In 2008, Iranian oil prices began to be traded in Iranian riyals and other major currencies (except the US dollar) on Kish Island.

In 2008, Iran's energy consumption reached $6 billion to $7 billion. National energy consumption is higher than international standards. Iran has exploited 28% of oil and gas, and the current exploitation rate is 60%. In 2008, Iran's subsidies for oil, electricity and natural gas reached $84 billion. Iran's natural gas consumption ranks third in the world after the United States and Russia. Affected by economic freedom and government expenditure, including the depletion of funds set up by the government. It is estimated that the income of service industry exceeds 25% of GDP, and the expenditure mainly comes from the government's daily expenditure, including military, wages and social services.

Urbanization has stimulated the service industry. Important service industries serve the public, including education, business, personal services and tourism. The income of Iranian science reached 900 million dollars (in 2005), but there was no obvious increase in the past 15 years. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the 20th century, Iran adjusted its R&D gross national product to 0.4%, which lagged behind the average level of 65,438+0.4% in developed countries. It will account for 0.87% of the gross national product in 2009 and will reach 2.5%.

The GDP of transportation and communication is expected to increase to US$ 46 billion in 20 13, accounting for 6.8% of the whole country. According to the recommendation of ILO 1996, Iran employs 3.4 million people in the fields of transportation and communication, which increased to 20.5% of the working population in 2008. There are 1700 newspapers and periodicals in Iran, most of which are published in Tehran. The main newspapers are: Le Monde, Izvestia, Islam and Nation, Devotees, Mission and Peace, and English versions of Tehran Times, Iran News and Iran Daily.

Iranian Islamic News Agency is the only official news agency. 1979 It was called Persian News Agency before the Islamic Revolution.

The National Radio and Television Station was founded in 1966, and 1979 was renamed Iranian Islamic Audio-visual Organization. The station broadcasts in 25 languages, including Persian, Arabic, English, French, German and Chinese. There are seven TV stations broadcasting programs and three satellite stations broadcasting overseas. In July 2007, Iran launched PRESS TV, the first English-language TV station in Iraq.

On June 5438+1October 1 1 day, 2009, Iranian Marshall News Agency and Xinhua News Agency signed a news exchange agreement between the two news agencies. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced on August 15, 2008 that Iran will launch its first self-developed satellite in the near future. The facilities such as rockets and launchers for launching satellites are completely developed by Iran itself. According to the statement issued by Iranian News Agency on August 17, the military successfully launched the Messenger rocket that day and sent a homemade satellite named "Hope" into space. The purpose of this launch is to comprehensively test the satellite carrying process, long-range launch system, ground control center, ground information station and command system. It is reported that the satellite has successfully entered the scheduled orbit, everything is progressing smoothly, and all the expected goals have been achieved. Ahmadinejad also attended the satellite launch ceremony.

Iran's enriched uranium is considered a nuclear weapons program. Europe and the United States threatened to sanction Iran's oil exports, and Iran threatened to blockade the Strait of Hormuz as a counterattack.

According to the development of information and communication technology in developing countries of electronic periodicals, in 2002, Iran accounted for 1. 1% of the GDP, and about 1.5 million people were engaged in the information technology industry, of which 20,000 were engaged in the software industry. In 2002, there were 65,438+0,200 registered information technology companies, of which 200 were engaged in software development. In 2008, Iranian software exports reached $50 billion. All media are directly or indirectly controlled by the state, and can only operate openly with the approval of the Islamic Guidance Department. This also includes the Internet. In 2005, Iran was the fourth largest blogger country in the world.

Reza Hipple, Iran's telecommunications minister, announced that Iran plans to build a national local area network within five months to build a "clean network".

Tagg Hipple said that by August 20 12, all Iranian telecom operators can only provide services for the "national Internet". In addition, the country will replace websites such as Google (Weibo), Hotmail and Yahoo with services such as "Iranian email" and "Iranian search engine".

The Iranian government has started to provide registration service for "Iranian mailbox", and users need to provide their full names and addresses for verification. highway

The total length of Iranian highway is 6.5438+0.58 million kilometers; Among them, expressway is 4100km; There are 93,800 kilometers of suburban roads, including 45,300 kilometers of asphalt roads. There are 4.52 million registered motor vehicles, including 2.72 million automobiles.

railway

The Iranian railway has a total length of 9,508 kilometers, a trunk line of 7,265 kilometers, a branch line of 2,243 kilometers, and 3,300 kilometers under construction. There are 277 locomotives, carrying passengers1311.10000 people and 26.392 million tons of goods annually.

water transportation

The main ports are Khorramshahr, Bushehr, Abbas, Khomeini, ChaBahar and Ansari and Noshal in Caspian Sea. There are four major shipping companies, namely Iran Islamic Shipping Company, Iran-India Shipping Company, Valfagard Shipping Company and Caspian Shipping Company. It owns 1 12 ships, with a cargo transport capacity of 30.69 million tons and a passenger transport capacity of 2.63 million passengers. In addition, Iraq is the largest tanker owner in the Middle East and Persian Gulf, with 26 tankers with a total tonnage of over 200,000 tons and over 4.5 million tons. Kharg Island is the largest crude oil export port in Iraq.

airlift

There are 83 airports in Iran with a utilization rate of 34%; Among them, military airport 14, comprehensive airport 6 1 (only 22 planes can land) and 8 passenger airports. Teheran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabrizi, Abadan and Abbas are the six major international airports. Iranian Airlines is the largest airline in Iraq, with 83 planes flying between 23 cities and 33 international routes leading to the Gulf, Asia and Europe. In 2004, * * * transported 1 1.33 million passengers.

Iran has a huge aviation network to the Middle East, Asia and Europe. Visitors from the United States or Australia need to transfer to Iran in Asia or other Middle Eastern countries. Most planes landed at Majcher Abad airport.