Practical nurses test basic nursing knowledge and skills.

Patient 1 [A 1/A2], male, 35 years old. Abdominal distension and pain occurred 3 days after laparotomy. Physical examination found that the abdomen was swollen and the percussion was drumming. The best way to deal with it is

A. cleaning enema

B. Retention enema

B. Retention enema

C. massive enema without reservation

D. Anal exhaust

E. Diarrhea induced by medication

Answer: d

Analysis: Abdominal pain, swelling and drumming are the manifestations of flatulence, so anal canal is used to discharge excess gas in the intestine.

2 [A1/A2 type] patient, female, 28 years old. Recently, there has been urgent urination and frequent urination, and the fresh urine discharged has ammonia odor, suggesting that,

A. uremia

B. cystitis

C. kidney calculi

D. hydronephrosis

E. diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer: b

Analysis: If fresh urine smells of ammonia, urinary system infection can be suspected.

3 [A1/A2 type] patient, male, 72 years old. In shock, the nurse indwelling catheter according to the doctor's advice, its purpose is to

A. Do urine culture examination

B. Drainage of retained urine

C. Training bladder function

D. keep the perineum clean and dry.

E. record the urine volume and observe the changes of the disease.

Answer: e

4 [A1/A2 type] patient, male, 54 years old. Urinary incontinence caused by trauma was treated with indwelling catheterization, and the urine drainage was smooth, but the urine was yellow and turbid, and the doctor ordered anti-infection treatment. Attention should be paid to when nursing patients

A. Record urine volume

B. Replace the catheter in time

C. Clean the urethral orifice when necessary.

D. instruct patients to practice emptying bladder.

E. encourage drinking plenty of water and bladder irrigation.

Answer: e

5[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 66 years old. Because rectal cancer will be operated the next day, the correct way for nurses is to prepare for intestinal cleaning before operation.

A. Do a large amount of enema without reservation to expel feces.

B, a small amount of enema, feces.

C keep enema once to stimulate intestinal peristalsis and promote defecation.

D, repeated a large number of enema, without reservation, until the clear liquid is discharged.

E. The feces and gas are discharged by catharsis with kaisailu.

Answer: d

6 [A1/A2 type] patient, female, 50 years old. Urinary retention requires catheterization. When disinfecting for the first time, the first part to be disinfected is

A. labia majora

B. labia minora

C. urethral orifice

D. pubic mound

E. anus

Answer: d

7[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 45 years old. The bladder is highly inflated and extremely weak. Excessive urination at one time can lead to hematuria. The reasons are as follows

A. Abdominal pressure drops sharply, causing a large amount of blood to stay in abdominal blood vessels.

B. Sudden decrease of intravesical pressure leads to acute congestion of bladder mucosa.

C. internal urethral orifice injury during operation.

D. urethral mucosal injury.

E. Ureteral injury during operation

Answer: b

8[a 1/A2 type] patient, female, 47 years old. Patients with hepatic coma should not be enema with soapy water. as a result of

A. Prevent bloating

B. Prevention of acidosis

C. Prevention of irritation to intestinal mucosa

D. reducing ammonia production and absorption

E. avoid causing intractable diarrhea

Answer: d

9[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 46 years old. No urination, abdominal distension and urinary retention caused by non-urinary tract obstruction for more than 10 hours. The purpose of washing perineum with warm water is to

A. Distract and reduce tension

B. Using conditioned reflex to promote urination

C. Clean perineum to prevent urinary tract infection.

D. Use heating to prevent infection.

E. make patients feel comfortable.

Answer: b

10 [type a1/a2] patient, male, 34 years old. For amebic dysentery, patients should be allowed to take the right lateral position when doing retention enema, which aims to

A. it is beneficial to the retention of liquid medicine

B. Reduce the stimulation to patients

C. Make patients comfortable and safe

D. Relieve the pain of patients

E. Reduce the toxic and side effects of drugs

A: A.

Patient 1 1 [A 1/A2], male, 34 years old. Urinary incontinence caused by trauma paralysis, indwelling catheterization, turbid urine and yellowing should be paid attention to during nursing.

A. clean the urethral orifice frequently.

B. Carry out bladder irrigation

C. replace the catheter in time.

D. observe and record urine volume.

E. promoting the recovery of bladder function

Answer: b

12 [type a1/a2] patient, female, 30 years old. The average urine volume in recent days is 14ml/h, which should be regarded as

A. polyuria

B. oliguria

C. anuria

D. urinary retention

E. Normal urine volume

Answer: b

13 [type a1/a2] patient, male. Gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, after symptomatic treatment, bleeding stopped, stool occult blood was positive, and when bleeding, the patient's stool showed

A. bright red

B. dark red

C. Asphalt color

D. jam color

E. yellow brown

Answer: c

Patient 14 [A 1/A2], female, 56 years old. In recent years, involuntary urination occurs when coughing or sneezing. This phenomenon is called

A. Stress urinary incontinence

B. Reflex urinary incontinence

C. urge urinary incontinence

D. Functional urinary incontinence

E. Partial urinary incontinence

A: A.

15 [a1/a2 question] A diabetic patient, taking oral hypoglycemic drugs is not effective, and subcutaneous injection of insulin according to the doctor's advice is not the key observation.

A.are you in a panic

B. break out in a cold sweat

C. Crazy

D. dizziness

E. Body temperature changes

Answer: e

16 [A 1/A2] According to the requirements of drug storage, the following drugs should be placed in the refrigerator at 2 ~ 10℃.

A. albumin

B. aminophylline

C. vitamin C.

D. yeast tablets

E. phenobarbital sodium

A: A.

17 [type a1/a2] patient, female, 50 years old. Due to respiratory diseases, you need to take several drugs at the same time. What was the last drug you took?

A. vitamins

B. roxithromycin

C. vitamin b

D. compound licorice oral liquid

E. acetylcysteine capsules

Answer: d

18 [type a1/a2] patient, female, 60 years old. Because of congestive heart failure, the doctor prescribed digoxin 0.25mg once a day, and the nurse should pay special attention when distributing the medicine.

A. grind the pills and feed them.

B. it is not advisable to drink more water after taking the medicine.

C. Measure the pulse rate before taking it.

D. Tell patients to take medicine on time

E. The patient took the medicine and left.

Answer: c

19 [type a1/a2] patient, female, 32 years old. Accidentally cut your finger, give TAT intramuscular injection, and execute it immediately. Patients with TAT allergy test, the result is positive, the correct way is

A.TAT injection is forbidden.

B, prepare rescue supplies and directly inject TAT.

C. Inject adrenaline and other drugs to prevent allergies.

D. desensitization therapy with TAT injection.

E. Do the allergy test again, and do the control test with normal saline.

Answer: d

20 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 50 years old. For upper respiratory tract infection, the doctor told him to take sulfanilamide orally to fight infection, and the nurse told him to drink plenty of water after taking the medicine. The purpose is to

A. maintaining blood pH value

B. Enhance the efficacy of drugs

C. Relieve gastrointestinal irritation

D. avoid damaging the hematopoietic system

E. accelerate drug dissolution and avoid crystallization.

Answer: e

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Patient 2 1 [A 1/A2], female, 46 years old. Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease needs aerosol inhalation, the purpose of prescribing aminophylline is

A. Eliminating inflammation

B. Reduce mucosal edema

C. relieving bronchospasm

D. Keep the respiratory tract moist

E. dilute the sputum to make it easy to cough up.

Answer: c

22[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 45 years old. When the nurse injected 25% glucose solution intravenously for him, the patient complained of pain, and there was a little resistance during injection, and the injection site was raised locally without blood return. This situation should be considered as follows

A. Venous spasm

B. The needle is partially blocked

C. the needle slips out of the blood vessel.

D, the inclined plane of the needle clings to the blood vessel wall.

E. the inclined plane of the needle penetrates the blood vessel wall.

Answer: c

23[a 1/A2 type] patient, female, 24 years old. Pneumonia is treated with penicillin. The patient suddenly went into shock 2 minutes after the penicillin skin test. The nurse should first

A. Observe vital signs

B. Application of pressurizing agent

C. Let the patient lie flat

D. Inform family members

E. give oxygen to the patient.

Answer: c

24 [A 1/A2] patient, male, 24 years old. Pulmonary tuberculosis, streptomycin treatment according to doctor's advice, anaphylactic shock and central nervous system symptoms appeared in streptomycin skin test because

A. Pulmonary edema

B. Renal failure

C. Brain tissue hypoxia

D. the effective circulating blood volume drops sharply.

E. telangiectasia and increased permeability.

Answer: c

25[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 64 years old. Diabetes 10 years, routine insulin 6U 30 minutes before meals, the appropriate injection site is

A. Periumbilical region of abdomen

B. Lateral forearm

C. lateral femoral muscle

D. gluteus medius

E. gluteus maximus

A: A.

26 [A1/A2 Type Question] During streptomycin treatment, pulmonary tuberculosis patients experienced general numbness and convulsions. At present, the drugs selected for treatment are

A. 10% calcium gluconate

B.0. 1% epinephrine

C. neostigmine

D. dexamethasone

E. theophylline

A: A.

27[a 1/A2 type] patient, female, 53 years old. Sudden dizziness and headache, gradually aggravated, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, was admitted to hospital due to hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage. Blood pressure190/110mmhg, dehydrated diuretic solution should be given immediately to reduce intracranial pressure. Preferred liquids are

A. physiological saline

B. 10% glucose

C. 15% sorbitol

D.20% mannitol

25% mannitol

Answer: d

28 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 58 years old. Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed 10 years ago, and the edema of both lower limbs increased in recent 1 week. Colloidal solution should be selected for infusion treatment.

A. concentrated albumin injection

B. Medium molecular dextran

C. Low molecular dextran

D. Low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch

E. hydrolyzed protein injection

A: A.

Analysis: Infusion of concentrated albumin can improve colloid osmotic pressure and supplement protein, thus reducing tissue edema.

29[a 1/A2 type] patient, male, 78 years old. Acute attack of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by upper respiratory tract infection was treated with anti-infection, antiasthmatic and expectorant after admission. The total infusion volume is 800ml, which is planned to be completed in 5 hours. The drop number coefficient of infusion set is 15, and the number of drops per minute is

Point 30 drops

B.35 drops

About 40 drops

D.45 drops

50 drops

Answer: c

Analysis: According to the formula: number of drops per minute = total amount of liquid (ml)? The infusion coefficient/infusion time (minutes) can be calculated.

30 [A1/A2] In the process of infusion to patients, due to improper operation, gas enters the blood circulation, causing air embolism, which belongs to

A. Unintentional negligence

B. Inevitable

C. Violation of rules and regulations

D. inevitable

E. Violation of operating procedures

Answer: e

3 1 [A 1/A2] Patient, male, 65 years old. Pulmonary heart disease has been diagnosed for more than 20 years. This morning, he was admitted to the hospital because of breathing difficulties and wheezing. Chest tightness, cough and pink foam-like sputum suddenly appeared during infusion. His lungs are full of moist rales, and his heart rate is fast and irregular. This patient may appear.

A. angina pectoris

B. Myocardial infarction

C. Allergy

D. pulmonary embolism

E. Acute pulmonary edema

Answer: e

Analysis: According to the patient's history of cor pulmonale, as well as the characteristic pink foam-like sputum and lung moist rales, it can be judged that he has acute pulmonary edema.

32 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 18 years old. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was treated by intravenous transfusion. After about 15ml of blood transfusion, the patient complained of head swelling pain, numbness of limbs, severe back pain, chest tightness, followed by soy sauce urine and jaundice. At this time, the patient may appear.

A. Air embolism

B. Acute pulmonary edema

C. hemolytic reaction

D. Sodium citrate poisoning reaction

E. allergic reaction

Answer: c

Analysis: When hemolytic reaction occurs, a large amount of hemoglobin is released into plasma due to the dissolution of agglutinated red blood cells, and patients may have jaundice and hemoglobinuria.

33[a 1/A2 type] patient, female, 32 years old. Anemia is serious. The doctor ordered intravenous blood transfusion for the patient, and its treatment purpose is

A. Replenishing blood volume

B. increase albumin

C. Hemoglobin supplementation

D. Discharge of harmful substances

E. supplementing antibodies and complements

Answer: c

34 [A1/A2] Child, male, 8 years old. Two weeks ago, I had a history of upper respiratory infection. Recently, there have been chills, fever, systemic skin and mucous membrane bleeding, and large areas of ecchymosis. Laboratory tests showed that the platelet count was 18? 10/L, the bleeding time was prolonged. The purpose of intravenous infusion therapy for this child is to

A. Replenishing blood volume

B. correct anemia

C. platelet supply

D. input antibody and complement.

E. increasing albumin

Answer: c

35 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 68 years old. Because breast cancer is hospitalized for chemotherapy, patients have difficulty breathing during infusion, and there is a loud sound in the precordial area of auscultation. Blister sound? The patient may have air embolism, and the air embolism site is in

A. Aortic entrance

B. pulmonary artery entrance

C. pulmonary vein inlet

D. entrance to superior vena cava

E. inferior vena cava entrance

Answer: b

36 [A 1/A2] patient, male, 76 years old. Due to physical weakness, excessive liquid input in a short period of time causes acute circulatory overload. Typical symptoms of patients are as follows

A. dyspnea, dyspnea

B. palpitation and nausea

C. cyanosis, fidgety

D. dyspnea, palpitation

E. Chest tightness, dyspnea and cough with pink foam sputum.

Answer: e

37 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 74 years old. Pulmonary edema occurs during infusion, and it needs to be humidified with 20% ~ 30% ethanol when inhaling oxygen. Its purpose is to

A. reduce alveolar surface tension

B. Disinfect inhaled oxygen

C. Moisten the patient's respiratory tract.

D. Make phlegm wet and thin, and cough up easily.

E, reduce the surface tension of foam in alveoli.

Answer: e

38 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 28 years old. After a large number of blood transfusions, the patient now has hand and foot convulsions and blood pressure drops, which can be injected slowly through the vein.

A. 10% calcium chloride 10 ml

B.4% sodium bicarbonate10ml

C.0.9% sodium chloride10ml

D. epinephrine hydrochloride 2ml

E. dexamethasone 5 mg

A: A.

Analysis: When a large amount of stored blood is input, too much sodium citrate enters the body and cannot be metabolized quickly, which will combine with free calcium in the blood, leading to the decrease of blood calcium, hand and foot convulsions, blood coagulation dysfunction, decreased capillary tension, poor vasoconstriction and weak cardiac contraction. Therefore, calcium ions should be supplemented to avoid hypocalcemia.

39[a 1/A2 type] patient, female, 30 years old. On the fifth day after appendicitis operation, after infusion 1 hour today, I suddenly became cold, followed by high fever, and my temperature was 40℃. The main cause of the patient's fever may be

A.this solution contains substances that are allergic to patients.

The solution contains pyrogen.

C. The patient is allergic.

D. The solution temperature is too low

E. The infusion speed is too fast

Answer: b

40 [type A1/A2] patient, female, 68 years old. Suffering from chronic cor pulmonale for 6 years, today's cough and expectoration are aggravated and cyanosis is obvious. The main purpose of giving a semi-sitting posture is

A. increase the amount of blood returning to the heart.

B. Limiting lung infection

C. lower the diaphragm and breathe freely.

D. Relieve throat inflammation and cough

E. Eliminating phlegm and reducing cyanosis

Answer: c