What kind of person is Mei Lanfang? What's his gender? Why is he popular?

Mei Lanfang (1894 ~ 196 1), whose real name is Lan and whose real name is Hua, was named Sister Skirt. Han nationality, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, has long lived in Beijing. Born into a family in Liyuan, he studied drama at the age of 8, took Wu Lingxian as his teacher at the age of 9, and took to the stage at the age of 10. He lost his mother at the age of four, his father at the age of twelve, and his uncle lived in a private house in Yunhetang. Gong Qingyi also plays Beijing opera blues. Later, he asked Qin Zhifen and Hu Ergeng to learn from Hua Dan. He studied Kunqu opera hard, practiced martial arts and acrobatics, and extensively observed Dan Jiao's local dramas and performances of other characters. After long-term stage practice, he created and developed the singing, recitation, dance, music, clothing and makeup of Beijing opera, and formed his own artistic style, which is known as "Mei School" internationally. Mei Lanfang's outstanding achievements in art have attracted the attention of foreigners. Before 1949, he performed in Japan, the United States and the Soviet Union, and received honorary doctor of literature from Pomona College and the University of Southern California. Mr. Mei is also a great patriot. During the Anti-Japanese War, he had a beard and a clear head, refused to perform, and made a living by writing and selling paintings. After liberation, he served as the president of China Peking Opera Theatre, the president of China Opera Research Institute, the vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the vice chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association. /kloc-joined China * * * in 0/959. At the age of 65, he rehearsed the last new drama "Mu Zhen Cheng Commanding". 196 1 died of a heart attack in Beijing on August 8th. At the age of 67. Grandfather Mei Qiaoling, the eldest son Mei Yutian (Dassault) and the second son Mei Zhufen (Sol) inherited their ancestral business and became famous singers. Mei Zhufen is the second master of Jinghetang, born in Mei Lanfang. She is weak, singing during the day and drinking at night. She was all skin and bones because of lung disease and died a few days ago. Mei Lanfang was lonely and raised by her uncle's big lock. A little longer, he sent Yunhe and Tang Zhu Xiaofen (grandfather's door, Doris's brother-in-law) to learn, together with his classmates Xiaofen and Youfen, Doris's cousin Wang Huifang, and enlightened Wu Lingxian. At the beginning, Doris was not very artistic. Wu Shi felt that she was very smart and special. In the meantime, there is also a business of drinking wine. Lai Shishang was favored by Te, whose Yan Hedu was very rich, so he took a class and joined together, 14 years old. When I met Feng Gengguang (a famous banker), I especially tried my best to live in Beilu Caoyuan, spending money like water without stint. At that time, officials and businessmen formed a plum party, and Lan Fang quickly became popular and became the leader of the pear garden. Not only timing, but also morality and art are important!

Edit this character's life.

Mei Lanfang (1894- 196 1) was born in Beijing, 1894. He was born in a Beijing opera family. 10 years old, performing "The Fairy Couple" in Beijing Guanghe Building, doing Hua Dan. He had a class at 1908. 19 13 performed in Shanghai for the first time, and performed such plays as Colorful Houses, Yutangchun and Woodcut Zhai. AtNo. Dangui 1 at the Daxin intersection of Sima Road. When he first came to Shanghai, he became popular in Jiangnan. At that time, there was a saying circulating in the alley: "Please be like Mei Lanfang and have a son like Zhou." He absorbed the improved elements of Shanghai civilized opera, such as new stage, lighting, makeup and costume design. After returning to Beijing, he created a new fashion drama "Rough Sea". The following year, he came to Shanghai again, and performed such famous works as Five Flowers Cave, True and False Pan Jinlian and Drunken Lady, and sang for 34 days. After returning to Beijing, Mei Lanfang continued to rehearse the new plays "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "Spring fragrance makes snow" and "Dai Yu buries flowers". 19 16 came to Shanghai for the third time and sang for 45 days. 19 18 and then moved to Shanghai, which was the pinnacle of his dramatic art, and he performed on the Tianchan stage many times. Combining the performances of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Beijing Opera blues, it created a mellow and beautiful singing voice and formed a unique Mei school. 19 15 years, Mei Lanfang rehearsed a large number of new plays, and made unique artistic innovations in singing, chanting, dancing, music, clothing and other aspects of Beijing opera, and was called the master of Mei School.

The origin of stage name

Mei Lanfang, a Beijing opera master, was born in a Beijing opera family. His grandfather Mei Qiaoling was a famous actress in the late Qing Dynasty, and his uncle Mei Yutian was a Peking Opera and Huqin player. The father's name is Mingrui, the word Zhufen, the son's name is Hua Dan, and the mother is Zhang Yu, the eldest daughter of Yang Longshou. At the age of 8, he studied under the famous young student Zhu Suyun's brother Zhu, 1 1 and took to the stage. He studied hard and practiced constantly, inherited and developed the traditional art of Peking Opera, and formed a unique "Mei School", which became the first of the four famous artists. His performing arts have long been well-known at home and abroad, but it was not until 16 that he got the stage name "Mei Lanfang". In the autumn of Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), Ye Chunshan, the squad leader of Xilian, led a class to perform in Jilin. One morning, Niu Zihou, an enlightened man from Xi Liancheng, organized by Ye Chunshan, went for a walk in Beishan, Jilin. When they climb the mountain, they chat. Suddenly, they found a man practicing sword in the Woods. But seeing that he is light and agile, the sword is dancing with cold light and the wind is whistling, and he surrounds himself in an arc aperture that can't splash water. Niu Zihou was completely stunned. He loved Peking Opera all his life, and he also saw many performances by martial arts masters. But there are not many unparalleled swordsmanship like this, and he can't help clapping his hands again and again. Hearing the applause, the sword dancer quickly put away his sword, blushed, wiped the sweat on his forehead with a handkerchief and bowed respectfully: "Boss Niu, I like to make a fool of myself." At this moment, Niu Zihou stepped forward and looked at it carefully. He saw the young man in front of him, handsome and dignified. He is really a leading role material and asks, "Have you ever had a stage name?" Ye Chunshan replied: "I gave him a stage name' Xiqun'." Niu Zihou pondered for a long time, and said, "This child has good looks and good conduct, and it won't be long before he succeeds. How about renaming him Mei Lanfang? " Ye Chunshan and his disciples readily agreed. Since then, I have been using Mei Lanfang, a famous stage name at home and abroad.

Japanese puppet blackmail angrily destroyed the painting.

Mei Lanfang has performance income. When she went to Hong Kong, she took it to Hong Kong and deposited it in the bank. However, shortly after returning to Shanghai, Hong Kong under the rule of the Japanese aggressors froze all this high deposit and could not withdraw it. Mei Lanfang, who has been living on interest, suddenly has difficulties in family life, and how the whole family can survive has become a problem that Mei Lanfang thinks day and night. He asked his wife what to do. The woman said, "Recently, the newspaper published the news that Ms. He Xiangning sells paintings for a living. We might as well learn from her. Give full play to your painting talent. How do you make a living by selling paintings? " In fact, Mei Lanfang had this idea for a long time, but she didn't say it, for fear that her wife wouldn't agree. Since the lady took the initiative to speak, he naturally nodded. The two set out to conceive, the wife grinds ink and the husband paints. In less than eight days, I drew more than 20 pictures of fish, shrimp, plum and pine. When the public saw the eye-catching advertisement "Our store sells Mr. Mei Lanfang's latest works, welcome to visit", they snapped them up one after another. In less than two days, more than 20 paintings were all sold out. After the news came out, the Shanghai literary and art circles, the press and the business circles reacted very strongly. Many celebrities proposed to hold an exhibition for Mei Lanfang. Mei Lanfang was particularly excited when she learned that. In order to live up to expectations, he practiced hard for half a month and painted dozens of works for the organizers to arrange. The organizer selected the Double Ninth Festival to be exhibited in the Shanghai Exhibition Hall, and invited Mei Lanfang and his wife to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony. However, the news spread like wildfire, and the Japanese, puppet and traitors colluded with each other and made trouble at will. They sent a group of plainclothes policemen into the exhibition in advance.

The hall was manipulated and many visitors left. Mei Lanfang was surprised to find that the door was empty. When he entered the exhibition hall, he found a note pinned to each painting, which read "President Wang's Order", "Vice President Zhou's Order" and "Chief Okamura Ningji's Order" ... Some of them read "Send to Tokyo for Exhibition". Mei Lanfang and his wife saw this scene, and their eyes were burning. They immediately picked up the paper cutter on the table and stabbed the picture. "wow! Wow! Hey! " After a few minutes, the Chinese painting turned into a piece of paper. Mei Lanfang's indignant destruction of paintings soon spread throughout Shanghai and the whole country. The newspaper of Shanghai authorities published the first news, saying: "Minister Chu was dumbfounded, and an art exhibition was a false alarm!" Soong Ching Ling, Guo Moruo, He Xiangning and Ou Yangyuqian delivered speeches of solidarity, praising Mei Lanfang's integrity and being admired by the world. The masses also sent letters to support Mei Lanfang's patriotic action. Mei Lanfang was moved to tears when he saw that the people of the whole country appreciated and supported him so much. He excitedly said to his wife, "I, Mei Lanfang, am no longer a lonely swallow!" "

Make a living by borrowing money.

Mei Lanfang was cut off from economic resources and lived in natural poverty. He had to sell his house in Beijing in tears, and then sold his collection for many years. Nevertheless, I borrowed money from my relatives and friends. A friend learned that his family's life was desperate, so he donated money to help each other. Ye Yuhu, an old painter, proposed to hold a Chinese painting exhibition in cooperation with him, highlighting the theme of plum and bamboo and expanding social influence. In the occupied area of Shanghai, there is chaos and panic, and people have to live in fear because of water and electricity cuts or air raid alarms. It is in this difficult environment that Mei Lanfang made great progress in painting and overcame a series of unimaginable difficulties. After eight months' hard work, he painted more than 70 works of/kloc-0, with a wide range of subjects, including ladies, Buddha statues, flowers, pine trees and plum blossoms. Together with Ye Yuhu's works, it was exhibited in a villa of China Bank on Chengdu Road in the spring of 1945, which was well received by the majority of visitors. After the exhibition, Mei Lanfang was forced to sell most of her works in order to make a living. Income is to pay off debts, to arrange the livelihood of the family, and to support people with more difficulties in the troupe. Mei Lanfang bitterly recalled the vicissitudes of these years and said gloomily to his friends, "I can't describe the pain of an actor who refused to perform on stage because of his beard because he resisted the harsh social environment." I paint partly to make a living and partly to amuse myself. Otherwise, I really want to suffocate. " During the Anti-Japanese War, Mei Lanfang resolutely refused to perform for the national enemy, which showed the indomitable strength of a generation of artists. This incident has become a touching story of China, widely praised by the people of China, and greatly inspired the determination of the people of China to fight bravely.

Edit this memorabilia

Mr. Mei Lanfang was born on:18941kloc-0/22 October, in the former residence of a family in Liyuan, Lietie Guaijie Street, outside Qianmen, Beijing. 1899 Mei Lanfang studied in a private school near Baishun Hutong in Beijing. 1902 formally worshipped Wu Lingxian as a teacher and studied Tsing Yi Opera. The first play he learned was Zhan Puguan, and then he learned the Second Palace, the Third Mother's godson and so on, totaling about 30. 1August, 904 17 (the seventh day of the seventh lunar month), she made her debut in Beijing Guanghelou Theater, playing the Weaver Girl in The Secret Wish of the Palace of Eternal Life. 1907 Mei Lanfang's family moved from Baishun Hutong to Cao Lu Garden. Officially took the class to perform "Xi Liancheng". 1Aug.908 14 Mother Yang Changyu died of illness. After the whole family moved to the headline of Whip Lane. Mei Lanfang married Wang Minghua in 19 10. Starting from this year, I began to raise pigeons as a hobby. 19 12 performed on the same stage with Tan Xinpei for the first time, and performed the drama Sangyuan Messenger. 1913 1 0/October 31day, invited by Shanghai Xu, came to Shanghai for the first time to perform (that was the first time that Mei Lanfang left Beijing). 165438+1October16 the first performance of zakao's play "mukezhai" was also his first time to sing a big-axis play. This year, I began to learn new tunes and Kunqu opera. The whole family moved to Sanjiao Lane in Beijing. 19 14, 1 In June, I visited Chen Delin as a teacher in Qingfengtang with Wang Huifang. This year, I studied Kunqu Opera with Qiao Huilan, Shoushan Li and Chen Jialiang. He also learned drama from Lu, Liu and Liu. 10 From July to June, I first tried to create a new fashion drama "Wandering at Sea" in Wen Yi society. This year, Mei Lanfang reformed her makeup and headdress. 1965438+April 2005 10, a new fashion drama "Official Tide" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden. On April 16, a new fashion show "Deng" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden. 10 10/3 1 day, a new drama "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" composed of ancient costumes premiered in Beijing Jixiang Garden. For the first time, chasing light was used on the stage of Peking Opera. Mei Lanfang pushed the role of light forward. This year, Mei Lanfang began to learn painting, and the painting teacher and painter Wang Luobai. Since then, I have known painters Chen Shiceng, Jin Gongbei, Mang Fu Yao, Chen Banding and Qi Baishi. At the same time, he made an appointment with the collector Zhu Yian to enjoy paintings, calligraphy and antiques extensively. 1916 65438+10/4, the new drama "Dai Yu Buries Flowers" was staged in Beijing Jixiang Garden. From April 19 to April 2 1 day, a new fashion drama "A wisp of hemp" was staged in Beijing. 19 17 Mei Lanfang created the mythical musical Goddess Scattering Flowers. 19 18 Mei Lanfang performed Dream in the Garden. Mei School's "Dream in the Garden" is a wonderful work in China Opera Art Garden. In the same year, he created and performed "Ma Gu's Birthday" and "Red Line Stealing Box". 1965438+April 2, 20091-On May 27, 2009, at the invitation of Imperial Theatre of Japan, he went to Japan to perform with "Xiqun Society". He has performed in Tokyo, Osaka and Kobe. 65438+ performed in Nantong, Jiangsu Province for the first time at the invitation of modern industrialist Zhang Jian in February. 1920 filmed the first silent film "Spring fragrance makes snow". 192 1 At the beginning of the year, the troupe "Lin Chongshe" was established in cooperation with Yang Xiaolou. At the end of the year, Fu Zhifang and I got married. 1922 February 15 The new drama Farewell My Concubine premiered on the first stage in Beijing. 65438+1October15-165438+1October 22nd, at the invitation of Hong Kong Taiping Theatre, more than 40 people from Chenghua Society/kloc-0 performed in Hong Kong. 1923 The erhu was added to the accompaniment instruments of Beijing Opera for the first time, which enriched the music of Beijing Opera. A new play "Luo Shen" was staged at Beijing Ming Kai Theatre. A new play "Lian Jinfeng" was staged at Beijing Zhenguang Theatre. 1924 In May, he received Tagore, a famous Indian scholar, poet and writer, in his Beijing apartment. 65438+1Oct. 9-165438+1Oct. 22 Mei Lanfang visited Japan for the second time at the invitation of the director of the Imperial Theatre of Japan. He has performed in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto. This year 1925, I created a new script and two copies of too true legends. This year (1926), three new plays and four "The Legend of the True" were created. The visiting Swedish Crown Prince and his wife were received in the beautiful house of Adult Hutong in the east of Beijing. This year (1927) was rated as the first of the "Four Famous Dances" in Beijing Opera. Create a new drama "Jun Xi Ren". After Feng Gengguang, the banker at that time, got married, Mei Lanfang married Meng Xiaodong. On April 6th, 1928, the new drama "Feng Haichao" premiered in Beijing Zhonghe Theatre. In summer, the new drama Cosmic Front was directed and performed in Beijing. This year, I went to Hong Kong for the second time. 1930 65438+ 1018-July led some actors of Chenghua Society to perform in the United States via Yokohama, Japan and Victoria, Canada. He has performed in Seattle, Chicago, Washington, new york, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego and Honolulu for 72 days. Mei Lanfang was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature by Pomona College and the University of Southern California. 193 1 in may, he founded the national opera society together with Yu Shuyan, Qi Rushan and Zhang Boju. This year, he led a delegation to perform in Hong Kong for the third time. In the same year, she dissolved her marriage with Meng Xiaodong. 1932 Mei Lanfang moved from Beijing to Shanghai. 1933, a new drama "The Warriors Against Gold" was staged on the Toad Stage in Shanghai. 1935 February 2 1-April 21Lead the troupe to visit the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, he met with drama masters Stani Lavschi and Brecht. From April to August, he went to Poland, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Britain and other countries for drama inspection. After returning to China through Egypt and India. On February 26th, 1936, a new drama "Life and Death Hate" was staged at Shanghai Toad Stage. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/938, I went to Hong Kong to perform again with my family and troupe members. The whole family stayed in Hong Kong. 194 1 You need to be clear about your ambition and take photos on the stage this year. 1942 This summer, I returned to Shanghai from Hong Kong. From then on, Dumen thanked the guests. 1945 10, staged again, and performed Kunqu Opera "Broken Bridge" and "Dream in the Garden" in cooperation with Yu Zhenfei at Shanghai Meiqi Grand Theatre. June1948-June165438+1October filmed the color film "Life and Death Hate" in Shanghai No.3 Factory. 1July, 949, attended the first national congress of literary and art workers in China. On September 30th, he was elected as the Standing Committee member of China People's Political Consultative Conference. 10 year 10 month 1 day, attending the inauguration ceremony of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Central People's Government. 195 1 In April, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the president of China Opera Research Institute. In July, the whole family moved back to Beijing from Shanghai and settled at Huguosi Street 1. (Now Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall) 1952 12 attended the World People's Peace Conference held in Vienna, Austria. This year, I met ulanova, a famous Soviet dancer. 1953 10 In June, Mei Lanfang was elected as the vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association. 1954 In September, Mei Lanfang was elected as the first National People's Representative of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1In June, 955, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the director of China Peking Opera Theatre. In April, the Ministry of Culture, the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Chinese Dramatists' Association jointly held an activity to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Mei Lanfang's coming to the stage. From February to August, he filmed the opera film Mei Lanfang's stage art, which was completed in June+February, 5438. 1956 From May 26th to July 6th, 16, at the invitation of Asahi Shimbun and other organizations, with the direct care and help of Premier Zhou Enlai, the most powerful Peking Opera delegation was formed, headed by Mei Lanfang. This is also Mei Lanfang's third visit to Japan. He has performed in Tokyo, Kyushu, Osaka, Kyoto and Nagoya. On June 7th, 1957, Helga, President of the International Dance Association, came to Beijing to present Mei Lanfang with the Medal of Honor. On May 25th, 1959, the new drama "Mu is in command" was staged in Beijing People's Theatre. Joined China * * *196065438+1Oct 2 1 Dream in the Garden. On April 15, the Beijing Municipal People's Committee appointed Mei Lanfang as the head of the Mei Opera Troupe. 1961May 3 1 Sunday, Mei Lanfang performed "Mu Guiying in Command" for scientists in Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was the last performance in her stage career. On July 9th, Mei Lanfang was appointed as the president of China Opera Academy. Mei Lanfang died in Beijing at 5 am on August 8. Only 67 years old.