Embedded expert, please come in software and hardware.

1. The hardware is promising, but the promising one is both software and hardware;

2. Major in hardware, software and computer, such as electronic engineering and communication engineering; University, the top few are not bad. Postgraduate entrance examination is also very helpful, especially in finding a job; However, if you don't have the spirit of autonomous learning, no matter how good the university is, it is also the most important thing to learn in the university. When you are really interested in this, professional school education will not be an obstacle. Now many training institutions outside are still good, but a little expensive.

3. As for the learning steps, I learn from the teacher in my freshman year, and I still study hard in the basic courses, which is very helpful for further study later. Then go to forums more often, borrow some books in this field from the library, know as much as you can, and know more about this line, otherwise you may not be able to understand it; If you still have time, go to the competition, and the school will organize it. Don't miss this opportunity, because studying with a group of people is definitely better than fighting alone. Learn more, and you can answer the question you are asking for others. After all, different people always have their own characteristics of accepting knowledge.

4. If you haven't gone to college yet, don't worry about working in an enterprise, it's not a good habit to think too far. You still don't know whether you like this line or not, and why do you think so much; There are still many things in the world that you should like. Open your eyes and your interest is the most important.

I attach an article below. How much you can understand depends on you:

Embedded system includes the following aspects:

(1) Embedded hardware

(2)BSP bootloader

(3) Kernel driver

(4) Upper application

Based on my experience in embedded system for more than 8 years, this is generally the case, for your reference only.

(1) embedded hardware-8-12, the normal price is 1

(2) BSP boot loader-1-2, the normal price is 15

(3) kernel driver-1-15.

these situations are generally in foreign companies or large domestic companies. It is rare for a small company to open this price.

So it makes sense to say what kind of people companies use.

and these four layers are very promising. The key is to choose which level to do according to your own specialty. It is a bit difficult for a computer major to engage in hardware, and the basic one is worse than that of electronic engineering.

The above are for reference only, but at present, few people in China can really do embedded systems for six years. The domestic embedded system started from the DragonBall of Motorola's 68K architecture in 1999, and it reached its peak in the end of 2-summer of 21, and then ARM began to take over.

The most important courses in embedded software include:

(1) Structure and application of embedded microprocessor

This is a basic course of embedded hardware, which has been used in our college to replace the traditional course of "Microcomputer Principles and Interfaces" (at present, a few IT majors in domestic universities have done this, because it is difficult to find practical use to talk about x86 microcomputer principles and interfaces, just for teaching). As we said, embedded software is a combination of hardware and software, and people who engage in embedded software should have a full understanding of the working principle and interface technology of ARM processors, including the assembly instruction system of ARM. If you don't understand the principle of the processor, how can you control the hardware work, how can you write the best code that saves memory and runs at high speed (embedded software design pays special attention to space-time efficiency), and how can you write drivers (drivers are all dealing with hardware)? Many companies require familiarity with ARM processors when recruiting embedded software personnel. In the future, if students come to the company to develop embedded software, the company will give you a hardware specification (xxx Specification) of the equipment. You must be able to understand the most basic instructions (like x86 assembly), otherwise how to design software. Some students think the embedded processor course is boring, which is mainly because the hardware courses are abstract. After our embedded laboratory is built in October, you will feel tangible after doing some experiments. Some students are not interested in ARM assembly, thinking that C language is enough for embedded development. In fact, we should not just regard assembly language as a programming language, but learn assembly mainly to master the working principle of processors. How can a person who is not familiar with assembly language write the best C language code on this processor? In some key parts of embedded development, it is sometimes necessary to write an assembly, such as Bootloader (and possibly BSP). Especially in the occasions that require high speed (such as high-speed image acquisition and image decompression of DSP processor), at present, we mainly rely on sinks to write programs (I have seen many companies do this). When you work in an embedded company, when you look at the manual describing the principle, many of them may be described by assembly (which I have encountered). This is because many hardware designers can only write or like to describe by assembly. At this time, you must understand the assembly program, otherwise the software and hardware personnel may not be able to communicate. Many embedded positions require familiarity with assembly when recruiting.

(2) embedded operating system courses

Except for WinCE, most embedded operating systems are very real-time, so they can also be called real-time operating systems. People engaged in embedded systems must master at least one embedded operating system (of course, it is better to master two), which is the most critical of all embedded technologies. (3) Other related software courses of embedded development

If you are familiar with some major fields of embedded applications, such people are more popular with enterprises. The main related fields include:

A, digital image compression technology: this is one of the most important and popular application fields of embedded system, and it is mainly necessary to master MPEG encoding and decoding algorithms and technologies, such as DVD, MP3, PDA, high-definition TV, set-top box and so on. To this end, our hospital has booked a doctor who can offer digital image processing courses.

B. Communication protocols and programming techniques: This includes traditional TCP/IP protocols and popular wireless communication protocols. First of all, most embedded devices are connected to the local area network or the Internet, so we should first master the TCP/IP protocol and its programming, which is the basic technology that needs to be mastered first. Secondly, wireless communication is the general trend at present, so it is also very important to master the wireless communication protocol and programming. Knotless communication protocols include wireless LAN communication protocol 82.11 series, Bluetooth, and mobile communication (such as GPRS, GSM, CDMA, etc.).

C, network and information security technology: such as encryption technology, digital certificate CA, etc. There are elective courses in this field in our college.

D, DSP technology: DSP means Digital Signal Process, and the DSP processor implements digital signal processing algorithms through hardware, such as high-speed data acquisition, compression, decompression and communication. Digital signal processing is a course for hardware majors such as electronics and communication, and it is best for those who engage in software to understand it. At present, DSP talents are in short supply. If you have the foundation of signal and system, digital signal processing and other courses, it will be very helpful to learn the principle of MPEG encoding and decoding.

(4) Hardware basics related to embedded development

For students majoring in software engineering, it is more important to engage in embedded software development, such as digital circuits, computer composition principles, embedded microprocessor structure and other hardware courses. In addition, basic software courses such as assembly language, C/C++, data structure and algorithm, especially operating system are also very important. Our main purpose is to understand the working principle of hardware, but the focus should be on embedded software, especially operating system-level software, which will be our advantage.

Some of our graduate students majored in electronics and communication. They have a good foundation in analog circuits and single-chip computers, so it is very suitable to study embedded systems. Embedded itself is developed from single chip microcomputer, but single chip microcomputer does not have OS, and now many embedded applications are more and more complex, so that embedded operating system has to be introduced. In addition, in order to pursue higher signal processing speed, many companies now implement some DSP algorithms, such as MPEG compression and decompression algorithms, with hardware, which involves HDL digital circuit design technology and its FPGA/IP core implementation technology. People in this field are also short of

C language foundation, which is still very good.

You can try the following routes:

(1) C language is the strongest of all programming languages, and the programming of single chip microcomputer, DSP and various chips similar to ARM can be done in C language), so you must master it very skillfully.

recommended books: The C Programming Language, a classic textbook, was written by foreigners and also has a Chinese translation.

(2) Operating system principles are necessary. It doesn't matter if you graduated from computer science. If you are not a computer major, you must find a relatively simple book on computer principles and make clear the basic issues such as "process", "thread" and "system scheduling".

(3)Linux operating system is written in C language, so you should also learn the programming of Linux first. Only when you can apply it can you get a closer understanding of the essence of its kernel.

Recommended book: Advanced Programming in UNIX Environment (2nd Edition)

(4) Understand the architecture, principle and assembly instructions of arm. In embedded development, we seldom write assembly, but the minimum requirement is to be able to understand ARM assembly.

(5) When porting the system, you need to start with the lowest bootloader, and then transplant the kernel and file system. However, this part of the migration relies heavily on hardware, and its configuration steps are relatively complicated, and there is not much detailed information.

(6) driver development

linux driver design is both a challenging field and a profound content.

The essence of linux driver design belongs to the category of linux kernel programming, so there are requirements for Linux kernel and kernel programming. Before studying, you should know the composition of linux kernel, because each part can be expanded into a thick book if it is studied in detail.

The above is just a general framework, and many things will be involved in actual development, such as cross-compilation, makefile, shell scripts, etc. Therefore, it takes a long time to learn embedded systems, and the threshold is high. Self-study requires strong learning ability and professional skills. As long as you can persist, you will succeed!

LZ can go to Huaqing Vision's website, which contains a lot of detailed information about embedded technology. You can also watch the video of Huaqing Vision's embedded technology topic online to learn more about this industry and know the key technical points. At the same time, nearly 4 embedded professional books published by Huaqing Vision in 26 will certainly help you. You should be able to see them in major bookstores and libraries. For specific questions, you can also call Huaqing Vision's professional teachers for free!