Introduction to the three major battles

Three major battles: Battle of Liaoshen; Battle of Huaihai; Battle of Pingjin.

1. Battle of Liaoshen: September 12 to November 2, 1948

Before the outbreak of the war, the strength ratio of the two sides was 3.14:1, and Before the Battle of Liaoshen, it had become 1.3:1. Therefore, in September 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to launch a strategic decisive battle against the Kuomintang. This was the first strategic decisive battle during the Liberation War, and it was also a decisive battle of great significance. ?

In this decisive battle, the Communist Party invested all the main forces of the Northeast Field Army: 2 corps headquarters, 12 infantry columns, 1 special forces column, 1 railway column, and local troops of the Northeast Military Region. The Kuomintang invested in the Northeast "Suppression General" Headquarters and 2 armies of the 1st Corps, 4 corps of the 6th Corps, 2 corps of the 8th Corps, 6 corps of the 9th Corps, and 3 corps of the 17th Corps to assist the enemy. All the main forces outside the customs. ?

The specific leaders of this battle were Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou. This battle killed more than 472,000 people in one day, destroying all the Kuomintang’s main forces outside the customs in one fell swoop. It liberated the entire Northeast and made the Northeast Field Army an army of great strategic significance, making a huge contribution to the subsequent Liberation War.

2. Battle of Huaihai: November 6, 1948 to January 10, 1949

The Battle of Huaihai was centered on Xuzhou. The People's Liberation Army invested 600,000 troops, while the Kuomintang invested 800,000. In this battle, it can be said that our army's military strength and equipment were at a disadvantage. Therefore, the victory of the Huaihai Battle was also called a miracle in the history of Chinese and foreign wars. Although this battle was a victory, the casualties were equally heavy, and the troops were also wiped out. There were also many enemies. At the cost of more than 130,000 casualties, as many as 555,000 Kuomintang troops were wiped out. ?

The specific leaders of this battle were Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu, and Tan Zhenlin. Although the battle was fierce and suffered heavy casualties, it was still very significant in terms of victory and achieved the goal of general victory. The main force of the Kuomintang tried its best to eliminate strategic deployments north of the Yangtze River. After this victory, East China north of the Yangtze River was liberated, and the Central Plains region was basically liberated.

3. Battle of Pingjin: November 29, 1948 to January 31, 1949

The Battle of Pingjin was the last of the three major battles of the Liberation War. The number of enemies wiped out in the three major battles of the war ranked second, with more than 521,000 people wiped out in one attack. However, in this battle, our army suffered the fewest casualties, with only 39,000 casualties. After this battle, all of North China was liberated, except for a few data points such as Taiyuan, Datong, and Xinxiang, and a corner of western Suiyuan.

The specific leaders of this battle were Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen. This battle liberated most of North China in one fell swoop, and at the same time peacefully liberated Peiping, it also dealt a huge blow to the morale of the Kuomintang. It played an important role in accelerating the process of the subsequent liberation war.

Extended information

Historical background of the three major battles:

After two years of heroic fighting by the People's Liberation Army, by the autumn of 1948, the balance between the enemy's and our own's forces further emerged. Changes that are conducive to revolution and not conducive to counterrevolution. First, the balance of military power between the enemy and ourselves has changed. By this time, the People's Liberation Army had increased to 2.8 million men, and its total front-line strength exceeded that of the enemy.

After the new troop consolidation movement, the political quality and combat effectiveness of the entire army's commanders and fighters have also been greatly enhanced. At this time, the Kuomintang army's comprehensive defense and zoned defense were bankrupt. In order to avoid being annihilated individually, Chiang Kai-shek decided to implement key defense. In fact, he had lost a complete front and lacked the troops to conduct strategic maneuvers.

Therefore, militarily speaking, the time is ripe for a decisive battle.

Secondly, the Kuomintang has been politically isolated as never before. Not only are the people in the Kuomintang-ruled areas increasingly aware of the counter-revolutionary nature of the civil war and dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek’s counter-revolutionary clique, but the Kuomintang is also riddled with contradictions and is in a predicament of disintegration. Economically, the Kuomintang rule The district is also in chaos, with inflation and prices soaring, and the entire economy is on the verge of collapse.

At this time, the political and economic situation in the liberated areas was booming. At that time, the major liberated areas were already connected, covering an area of ??2.355 million square kilometers, accounting for 24.5% of the country's total area, and with a population of 168 million, accounting for 35.3% of the country's total population. Moreover, after the land reform, the enthusiasm of farmers in the liberated areas for revolution and production has been unprecedentedly high, and the People's Liberation Army's rear has been further consolidated.

These circumstances show that the time is ripe for the People's Liberation Army to engage in a strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang army. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China formulated a military plan for the third year and decided to launch offensives in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, East China and other places, conduct several major battles, and lead the war to the Kuomintang-controlled areas.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Three Major Battles