How did Charlemagne govern the country?

There is one of the most noble art halls in Paris, France, the Louvre. Among its numerous treasures, there is a bronze statue made in the 9th century. Thousands of French, Germans, Italians and visitors from other countries came to the bronze statue in an endless stream to pay homage to the ancient hero riding on a burly horse. But when I saw him, Shenjun's left front leg was slightly bent and his right rear leg was slightly raised, as if walking slowly; The man immediately sits upright, with a burly body, a golden ball symbolizing authority in his left hand, a sword symbolizing strength in his right hand, a long robe with a straight nose and a thick mustache. He looks straight at the eyes in front of him, all of which reveal the dignified and brave temperament of the imperial family. This hero is Charlemagne, the greatest ruler of ancient Frankish countries.

Charles (Mann) was the king of Frankish, the conqueror of Saxony, the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, and one of the earliest monarchs in European history.

Charlie was born in 741 AD near Aachen, which later became his capital. His father was a short man, Wang Piping, and his grandfather was a great Frankish leader, Charles martel. Martel won the battle of Tours in 732, which shattered the plan of Muslim conquest of France. In 751, Piping declared himself King of Frank, thus ending the rule of the incompetent Mei Tam Jia Dynasty and establishing the Carolingian Dynasty. Piping died in 768, and the Frankish kingdom was divided between Charlie and his eldest brother Carloman. Carloman died suddenly in 771, which was a lucky arrival for the unification of Charlie and Frank, making 29-year-old Charlie the only monarch of the Frankish kingdom, which was already the most powerful country in Spain.

when Charles reached the summit, the Frankish kingdom mainly included France, Belgium and Switzerland today, as well as many areas in Holland and Germany today. Charlie lost no time in expanding his territory. During his 46 years in office, he launched 55 wars of conquest, forcing many different tribes and tribes to obey his rule. The territory of the Frankish kingdom has doubled in his hands, including the territories of Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Italy and part of Spain.

As a result of Charlie's victories in many wars, most of western Europe was successfully brought under his unified leadership. Since the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe has not been controlled by such a vast territory.

Throughout his reign, Charlie maintained a close political alliance with the Pope. But during Charlie's lifetime, it was obvious that Charlie was always the dominant partner, not the Pope. On Christmas Day in 8 AD, Pope Leo III put a crown on Charlie's head and declared him Emperor of Rome. The Pope announced loudly: "God crowned Emperor Charles! This great Roman emperor who brought peace to the world will live forever and win forever. " Then, the Roman nobles began to praise the historic poem loudly: "Augustus Charlie! Wear the golden crown at the behest of God! God bless my Roman emperor and give him peace and victory! " Cheers thundered in the church, cheering Charlie to become the heir of the ancient Roman Empire and the protector of the Christian world.

From then on, "Frankish Kingdom" became "Charles Empire"; King Charles became Charlemagne, which means the Great. Mainly speaking, this means that the Western Roman Empire, which was destroyed more than three centuries ago, is being restored, and Charlemagne is now the legal heir of Augustus Caesar.

Charlie's achievements and talents are not limited to military conquest. He has made outstanding achievements in administration, justice, military system and economic production management. Especially in culture and education, the achievements are particularly outstanding, which laid the foundation for the development of medieval civilization and played a role in connecting the past with the future.

in the 8th century, the cultural traditions of ancient Greece and Rome were destroyed with the decline of many cities. The public and private books in Roman times gradually disappeared after the fifth and sixth centuries. Therefore, almost all the subjects of the Charlemagne Empire were illiterate, even Charlemagne himself and many dignitaries in the court were illiterate. Charlie felt that he could not manage the country well without cultural knowledge, so he set up a school in the court to train talents. This is the origin of western European schools in the Middle Ages. He recruited famous scholars from all over Europe, and taught knowledge at the court, the most famous of whom was Alcuin from England.

In the palace school, Charlie specially selected the children of three kinds of families to attend school, namely, the children from the noble family, the middle family and the children from the humble family. Every once in a while, Charlie called the students together and checked their homework himself. After the inspection, he kindly said to the students who had studied well, "My children, you should continue to study, and I will give you the bishop's jurisdiction and a magnificent monastery." You will always be glorious. " For those poor students, they angrily reprimanded: "I despise your noble birth and beautiful clothes!" I swear that unless you study hard to make up for your past laziness, you will never get any favor from me. " As he said, he always promoted the poor children who learned best and awarded them higher positions, which showed the spirit of "dropping talents without sticking to one pattern".

Charlie also issued an edict urging churches and monasteries to set up schools, impart knowledge and culture, search for and copy classical works and early Christian works, so as to preserve and spread them. Charlie's achievements have been applauded by some western historians and praised as "Carolingian Renaissance". At that time, when Europe was in a rough, ignorant and chaotic situation, what Charlie did was really commendable. His achievements and practices are also very obvious. During his 46 years of rule, Frank's culture and education have developed significantly compared with the past few centuries.

in the winter of 813-814, the weather in western Europe was extremely cold, with heavy snow covering the mountains and fields and dripping into ice. However, Emperor Charles insisted on going out hunting. As a result, he caught cold while hunting, developed a high fever, and his lungs and pleura became inflamed. The doctor was helpless and dared not prescribe drugs. In February 814, he died at the age of 72 in the capital, Ahern Palace.

shortly after Charlie's death, the empire split. By 843, his three grandchildren were kings, and the empire was divided into three parts. On this basis, the western European countries gradually developed: the eastern Frankish kingdom became the later Germany, and the western Frankish became the later France. The area between the east and the west became Italy in the future. The languages of Franks also showed obvious differentiation, forming French, German and other national languages of Western European countries.