What did Fu Jian do? What influence did the Battle of Surabaya have on the history of China?

At that time, the former Qin Dynasty in the north of China wanted to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south and fought at Feishui. In the end, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated more than 800,000 former Qin Jun with only 80,000 troops. The influence is to stabilize the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, effectively curb the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, and provide the necessary opportunity for the social and economic recovery and development of the south of the Yangtze River. For the former Qin regime and Fu Jian himself, the war was to promote the disintegration of the temporary unification of the northern region. Mu Rongchui, Yao Chang and other gentry and nobles rose again, dismembering the rule of the former Qin Dynasty, and Fu Jian himself soon came to an end tragically. In the long run, the most important role of the Battle of Feishui is to continue and develop the Central Plains culture of the Han nationality who fled to the south, and directly affect the spiritual essence of the unified dynasties such as Sui and Tang Dynasties. It can be said that the Battle of Feishui preserved the core part of Chinese culture and gave it a chance to breathe and rise again after the so-called "five flowers".

However, in the troubled times of the five lakes and sixteen countries, Fu Jian was a master. He is brilliant, makes great efforts, accepts talents, and is modest in coachable. With the help of the sage Wang Meng, he created a prosperous pre-Qin period in troubled times, and his historical achievements cannot be denied.

1 Appoint students with excellent academic performance and let them work in electric power institutions at all levels. At the same time, it is stipulated that officials with salary 100 stone or above must "become an art once they learn it." No skills, all for the people. Due to Fu Jian's vigorous advocacy and the combination of selection and appointment of officials, the atmosphere of persuading students to compete for study and keeping honesty and knowing shame soon appeared in the pre-Qin period. It not only cultivates the reserve team of bureaucrats, improves the cultural quality of the ruling class, but also promotes cultural exchanges among ethnic groups.

Persuade farmers to plant mulberry trees and build water conservancy projects.

After Fu Jian ascended the throne, the economic situation of the former Qin Dynasty was also extremely difficult. Due to wars and natural disasters, the national treasury is exhausted and people's livelihood is depressed. In order to quickly reverse the depression, Fu Jian decided to stop fighting and vigorously develop production.

In 358 AD, a large area of the former Qin Dynasty suffered from drought, in order to tide over the difficulties with the common people. Fu Jian ordered to reduce diet, cancel songs and music, and all the ladies-in-waiting below the imperial concubine in the harem changed their clothes. No more silk and satin. Civil and military officials also reduced their salaries accordingly to show their solidarity with the people. At the same time, it also ordered the development of mining trees on the mountain, lifted the ban on fishing in rivers and lakes, and shared it with the people. Stop all military operations so that the people can rest and recuperate. Thanks to the effective measures taken by Fu Jian, although there was a serious drought, it did not cause a major famine disaster.

In order to solve the problem of little rain and drought in Guanzhong area, Fu Jian ordered the government to transfer 30,000 servants from rich families, develop the upper reaches of runoff, dig mountains and build dikes, dredge ditches, and irrigate terraced fields and saline-alkali land, so that the fields that have been abandoned for many years have grown food again, and the people have benefited a lot. Fu Jian also cultivated in person, and his wife, Empress Gou, also went to the suburbs to raise silkworms, encouraging farmers to actively engage in agricultural production and silk weaving.

Fu Jian has sent envoys to help the elderly many times. It is suggested that farmers teach mulberry, popularize advanced production technology and reward farmers who work hard in farming. Later, the former Qin suffered another drought. Considering the poor harvest of farmers, Fu Jian ordered partial tax reduction and exemption, saved government expenses, and appropriately reduced the salaries of officials, and stipulated that corvees were not allowed unless it was a top priority. As Fu Jian regards the development of agriculture as a basic national policy, the economy of the former Qin Dynasty recovered quickly, and a new atmosphere of stability and family support appeared a few years later. Historically, from Chang 'an to state capitals, there have been transit stations, which are very convenient for tourists and vendors along the way. The common people have a ballad saying: "Chang 'an Avenue, Yang Huai is lush;" Got off the Chihua car and lived in a husband and wife; Talents gather to teach our people. "

Take advice like a stream.

With the recovery of economic strength and the pacification of civil strife, Fu Jian conquered the former Yan and the former Liang successively, disintegrated the Daiguo, and made the former Qin achieve unprecedented prosperity. At this time, the Fu Jian already showed signs of luxury. In the hall where ministers meet, bead curtains are hung; The eaves and beams of the palace and the costumes of horses and chariots are also decorated with pearls, precious stones and jewels. Pei Yuanlue and Shang Jian said, "I heard that Emperor Yao lived in a thatched cottage, and he despised the imperial palace. They are diligent in governing the country, so they can make the world peaceful and prosperous for 800 years. Qin Shihuang pursued pleasure and was extremely poor and beautiful. As a result, he died before he could have grandchildren. I hope that your majesty will take this as a warning, instead of pursuing carving beams and painting buildings to build palaces, he should widely apply simple fashion to the world and leave a beautiful style. We should take gold and jade as the foundation, grain as the treasure, and sympathize with the sufferings of the people. Vigorously develop agricultural production. Throw away those useless utensils and give up those rare goods. We should carry forward noble moral sentiments, encourage shallow customs, and set up policies to promote morality through education to appease people in remote areas. Only in this way can the people live and work in peace and contentment, and finally the world will be unified. This is the desire of the liegeman.

Fu Jian was so happy that he ordered the bead curtain to be removed and appointed Yuan Pei to give the doctor some advice. It can be seen that he maintained the true nature of being diligent in governing the country and being strict with himself, which was also the root of political clarity in the former Qin Dynasty. Regrettably, when Fu Jian fought abroad, he failed to listen to the opinions of ministers with an open mind, which led to a heroic ending and lasting regret.

Refuse to fight the enemy at the expense of water.

Fu Jian is determined to unify the world. After more than 20 years of careful management, the northern part of China is basically unified and the country is rich and strong. Only the Eastern Jin Dynasty, located in the southeast corner, has not been conquered, and Fu Jian is still in distress. In the 15th year of Jianyuan (379), the former Qin conquered Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and captured the commander-in-chief Zhu Xu. Fu Jian thought that the conditions for seizing the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unifying the world were ripe, so he decided to cut gold.

In the 18th year of Jianyuan, Fu Jian called his ministers in Taijitang and said, "I will inherit the great cause for nearly 30 years. The four directions are generally peaceful, except the southeast corner, which has not been enlightened by the king. I roughly calculated the strength, which can be 970 thousand. I want to lead an army to the East. What do you think? " In the face of Fu Jian's ideas and problems, except for the secretary's boss, Jeikiy, all other ministers objected and discussed them for a long time. Fu Jian said angrily, "Forget it, I'll make my own decision." After the ministers left Korea, Fu Jian left his younger brother to discuss with him.

And I don't agree to cut gold. He thought that there were three difficulties in cutting gold at that time: first, from the astrological point of view, God's will was not smooth; Second, the Eastern Jin Dynasty enjoyed peace, no disaster, no provocation and no gap to take advantage of. Third, we have been fighting for many years, and our foot soldiers are tired, and so are the people. Besides, the conquered nobles such as Xianbei, Qiang and Jie did not really surrender. However, Fu Jian didn't listen. Fu Rong also remonstrated: if you don't listen to me, you can do it. Don't even forget the last words of Prime Minister Wang Meng before he died, that is, don't covet the Eastern Jin Dynasty? Since then, my beloved concubine, Mrs. Zhang, and Prince Fu Hong also advised Fu Jian not to attack Jin.

Fu Jian was disappointed and distressed. He thought he had been diligent in governing the country for many years, with millions of troops and mountains of money. Why can't he conquer the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the victory of unifying the north, so that he can't sleep and eat at night?

At this time, Yao Chang, a former general with two hearts and a strong and handsome nobleman, hoped that Fu Jian would fail in cutting gold in order to take the opportunity to restore the rule of the old country, so he strongly encouraged Fu Jian to cut gold in the south, "the sacred heart is arbitrary." So, in May of the 19th year of Jianyuan (383), Fu Jian ordered an attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and then mobilized more than 900,000 troops to March into the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The army was under siege and stretched for thousands of miles. Although Xiao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was fatuous, his prime minister Xie An was a promising politician. In the case of former Qin Jun; Internal contradictions have eased, and there has been a situation in which upper and lower Qi Xin are United as one enemy. When the former Qin army had not finished assembling, they took the initiative to fight a decisive battle at Feishui. Before the war, Fu Jian was eager to win. Without verifying the enemy's situation and knowing the intention of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he refused to listen to the advice of the Ministry and blindly agreed to withdraw his troops for a decisive battle. As a result, it fell into the trap of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was out of control and led to a fiasco in Feishui. Not only the forward commander Fu Rong was killed, but also Fu Jian himself was shot by the arrow and fled.

After the water war, the former Qin dynasty was greatly weakened. The chief of the previously conquered tribe betrayed Fu Jian and established a separatist regime. Among them, Mu Rongchui, the imperial clan of Yan Qian, proclaimed himself emperor in 384 AD and established Houyan. Yao Chang, a handsome aristocrat, also killed Fu Jian and proclaimed himself emperor in 385 AD, and established the later Qin Dynasty. With the collapse of the former Qin Dynasty, the north once again fell into division and war.

Although Fu Jian ended in tragedy, the pre-Qin prosperity he created has not been forgotten by history. History recorded his mistakes as well as his brilliant achievements.