What does samurai mean?

According to records, among the officials in the Xia Dynasty, there were Shi, and in the Han Dynasty, there were corps commander and Lang, which were used throughout the ages and were not abolished until the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, the generals of the palace guards were called warriors, and warriors were also called warriors. Samurai means courageously chasing wild animals like tigers.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, orphans and descendants of generals in the army were unified into one army, which was named the Tiger Ben Army, and a captain of the Tiger Ben was appointed as the military chief. The samurai army is not controlled by anyone, but only under the command of the emperor!

The regular army of the Yuan Dynasty was divided into two parts: the garrison and the garrison. The former's main task is to defend Dadu, Shangdu and their nearby areas, and to suppress rebellion and uprising as the central army; The latter defends the strategic location and frontier of the whole country. Most of the early guards were Han troops. The samurai army belongs to the Suwei Army.

At that time, the troops stationed in today's central and western Chengde were the troops of the samurai army.

"Yuan Shi" records the samurai army like this:

Pro-military commanders and emissaries are responsible for the affairs of Shangdu Yuanbing and Oulu respectively.

In the 16th year of Zhiyuan, the Tiger Ben Army was established with two officers.

In seventeen years, the capital released two viceroy, one in the vice viceroy and the other in the vice viceroy.

During the Zhenyuan period, the samurai army was changed to the commander of the samurai pro-army.

As can be seen from the above records, the samurai army was founded in 1279 (in the sixteenth year of the puppet regime). 1295 (pseudo-yuan Zhenyuan year) was changed to warrior pro-army. The "headquarters" of the samurai army, that is, the commander-in-chief and the ambassador department, is located in Shangdu (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia). The samurai army is divided into the following six "Chihiro". Distributed in all parts of Shangdu Road area.

The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was Dadu (now Beijing) and Shangdu (now Zhenglan Banner in Inner Mongolia). Xingzhou, where Wuzhishan is located, originally belonged to Beijing Road (now Daming Town, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia). 1262 (three years of reunification), the puppet emperor Kublai Khan personally cut Xingzhou from Beijing Road and set up Kaiping House. The following year, Kaiping Prefecture was changed to Shangdu Road.

The states under the jurisdiction of Shangdu Road are Shunning (now Xuanhua, Hebei), Baoan (now Zhuolu, Hebei), Yuzhou (now Yuxian, Hebei), Xingzhou (now Longhua, Hebei), Songzhou (now Chifeng, Inner Mongolia) and Zhou Huan (now northwest of Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia). Six Chihiro of the samurai army is stationed in these six state capitals, among which 1 Chihiro is stationed in Xingzhou.

Officials in the Yuan Dynasty were called Duhufu, Wan Wan, Qianhu, Baihu and Paitou from top to bottom. The samurai army stationed in Shangdu is in command, equivalent to 10 thousand households. Thousands of Wang Yan, a samurai group who donated money to build a tower and monument for the big wheel Zen master, should be based in Xingzhou. There are twenty or thirty households in each household, and another household, Wang Yan, donated hundreds of samurai groups to build towers and monuments. Other households led troops to station in Xingzhou jurisdiction-today's central and western Chengde.

"Tiger Ben" 57th Division of National Revolutionary Army

In the Battle of Changde1943165438+10/2, the 57th Division under the 74th Army performed extremely heroically. At that time, the 57th Division held fast to Changde and fought bloody battles with the three main Japanese divisions 16 day and night. Japanese military aircraft, artillery and poison gas took turns to attack, and the officers and men of the 57th Division were exhausted. In the end, all the handyman and politicians of the division went into battle, and Yu Chengwan, the division commander, led the guard into the war. After the battle, the officers and men had to fight hand to hand, but they still fought to the death, and the situation was unprecedented. In this campaign, only the 57th Division killed and injured more than 10,000 Japanese soldiers, but it was almost exhausted. At this time, there were less than 600 people in the whole division, and only Yu Chengwan, the teacher, led 180 people to break through. The rest of the officers and men volunteered to fight to the death with Changde * * *, and fought against the Japanese army who broke into the house door by door, all of whom died heroically. , once again played the prestige of "samurai". Six days later, Yu Chengwan came back to Changde with the counter-offensive forces and recovered Changde, leaving only 83 people. This movement coincides with the Cairo Summit of the United States, China and Britain. President Roosevelt listened to Chiang Kai-shek's introduction to the situation and wrote down the name of Mr. Yu Chengwan in the memorandum.