The orientation of construction project supervision should be accurate and the system should be innovative?

2010165438+125 October, the national conference on construction project supervision was held in Nanjing. The meeting put forward the guiding ideology of supervision work in the coming period: adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, take ensuring project quality and safety as the basic requirements, improve the system and mechanism, strengthen the construction of project supervision system, strictly supervise according to law, strictly enter and clear the field, constantly standardize market behavior, strictly supervise according to law, earnestly perform supervision duties, comprehensively improve the quality of supervision enterprises and supervisors, and comprehensively improve the level of supervision work. This is a new requirement for the implementation of special treatment of outstanding problems in the engineering field after the 2005 national conference on construction engineering supervision. The relationship between positioning confusion and development difficulty is unclear-the positioning confusion of supervision industry. According to the newly revised Code for Supervision of Construction Projects (Draft for Comment), the key words can be summarized as 10-control, management, supervision and participation in coordination, that is, control the construction quality, progress and cost of the project, manage contracts and information, and ensure the safety of the construction unit. If we want to implement this 10 statement, or if we want to perform our supervisory duties well, we must use the system to solve the problem of the positioning of supervision. Comparing the newly revised code (draft for comment) with the code still being implemented (GB503 1P-2000), we can see this problem from the expression between the lines. In the current general rules, it is stipulated that supervision units should carry out supervision work fairly, independently and independently, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of construction units and contractors. In the newly revised general rules, it is clearly stated that supervision personnel should follow the professional ethics of law-abiding, honesty, impartiality and science, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of construction units, and shall not harm the legitimate rights and interests of other relevant units. Obviously, there is a big difference between maintenance and no damage. If the orientation of supervision is not well solved, the supervision function will unprincipled safeguard the common violations of the owner (such as ignoring the scientific time limit for a project, arbitrarily subcontracting the dismembered project directly, and proposing design changes that are not recognized by the design unit for the construction unit to implement). The author believes that the reason why the former is different from the latter is that the drafters believe that the relationship between the construction unit and the supervision unit is entrusted and entrusted, and it is natural to safeguard the rights and interests of the client. As for others, as long as they are not damaged, as the saying goes: take care of others' bowls. No wonder in the current construction market, supervision is in an awkward position: the construction administrative department is not satisfied and thinks that some supervision is not in place (the accident has expanded, the building collapsed and the bridge collapsed, and supervision bears the brunt); The construction unit is not satisfied, not only the supervision and service are not in place, but also the rights and interests that should be safeguarded are not in place; The construction unit is dissatisfied and thinks that the supervision is unfair, and sometimes the facts are clear and one-sided. Even some small supervision companies have poor personnel quality, which tarnishes the image of supervision. To standardize the supervision industry fundamentally, we must solve the positioning problem of supervision. Safeguarding the rights and interests of the client is not entirely subordinate to the client, but the starting point of maintenance should be to ensure the quality of the project. Owners spend money to buy projects, and no one wants to build a project that is unqualified or of acceptable quality. Therefore, the supervisor should firmly establish an idea that striving to ensure the project quality is the greatest protection for the rights and interests of the client, the responsibility to the society and the responsibility to future generations! With a tight mind, we can unify the relationship between safeguarding customer rights and regulatory responsibilities. Therefore, our supervision work can not be simply regarded as the supervision of the client, but the supervision of the whole society and future generations. Low income-the difficulty in the development of supervision industry starts from the source and solves the positioning problem of supervision. At present, the phenomenon of low supervision income generally exists in supervision enterprises. Although the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Construction made clear regulations on the supervision and related expenses of construction projects in 2007, the fluctuation range of the benchmark price can be 20%, in other words, it should not be lower than 80% of the benchmark price stipulated by the state as the supervision fee standard. This provision is to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of supervision enterprises. What is the actual implementation? Malicious low-price bidding makes supervision enterprises only get 50% or even lower of the national charging standard. Even so, the supervision fee may not be paid in full at the end of the project, which makes a large number of small and medium-sized supervision enterprises struggling. This problem must be solved from the policy level. According to the statistical data of the top 100 project supervision income of national supervision enterprises in 2009, the relevant data of the two enterprises numbered 1 and 100 are arranged in the following table. As can be seen from the comparison table, the per capita supervision income of the top 100 large-scale supervision enterprises in China is only 654.38+10,000 yuan. Supervision income is the profit after deducting income tax, business tax and various operating costs of the company. What is the per capita profit? This account has been worked out. Don't say that compared with monopoly industries, even most industrial enterprises are inferior and can only be regarded as low-profit industries. The top 100 supervision companies are all engaged in major national projects (for example, Shanghai Jianke Supervision Co., Ltd. supervised the Expo project in recent two years, and Gezhouba Company mainly engaged in large-scale water conservancy projects), and the overall supervision fee can be guaranteed, with little default. The profitability of large enterprises is still the same. Thousands of small and medium-sized supervision companies have undertaken a large number of development projects and local small projects, and there is a gap in the original capital contribution. Then, when owners who only care about saving money come to press the supervision fees, the operating conditions will change. Because small and medium-sized supervision enterprises can't get reasonable supervision fees, it brings a series of problems. The first is brain drain. Some skilled business backbones, unable to get due treatment, have jumped ship, and a considerable number of engineering department heads of development companies have gone from supervision companies, while the overall quality and supervision ability of supervision companies have declined. Second, supervision goes through the motions. Due to the low income of supervision fees, some even make ends meet, so supervision enterprises take measures to reduce the number of personnel stationed, and project supervision institutions become furnishings. Thirdly, in order to get rid of their own crisis, a few supervision enterprises pass on the contradictions to the construction units, and the phenomenon of eating and getting stuck occurs from time to time. The contradiction between the supervised unit and the supervised unit intensified and gradually refused to accept supervision. Some even look down on the supervision unit because of their low level of personal business. The existence of these problems directly affects the quality of construction projects. The author believes that in order to change this situation, we must fundamentally change the orientation of supervision and use policies and systems to make the waist of supervision enterprises really hard. Innovation of Supervision System and Policy Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province spent three years innovating supervision work, which solved the embarrassing situation of supervision and embarked on a new way of construction project supervision management with Huai 'an characteristics. Zhang Qinglin, former president of China Supervision Association, fully affirmed Huai 'an's practice at the 2009 National Symposium on Quality Management Innovation of Construction Projects in Small and Medium-sized Cities, and concluded that quality is paramount and supervision is duty-bound. Jiangsu Construction Market Management Association made a special trip to Huai 'an to do research, and thought that we should take advantage of the east wind of the national supervision work conference, especially when the new "Construction Engineering Supervision Code" (revised edition) is about to be issued, and suggested that the relevant competent departments should seriously study Huai 'an's practice, at the same time increase supervision responsibility, improve supervision status, standardize supervision behavior, and effectively ensure the quality of construction projects. Since the year of quality management, Huaian has innovated and improved the supervision management system year by year, and effectively standardized the local supervision market order with six major measures. Supervision funds are stored in special accounts "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Special Account Storage of Supervision Service Fees" is issued, which stipulates that the standard of supervision service fees shall not be lower than 80% of the national standard, and special account storage shall be implemented, that is, after the construction unit and the supervision enterprise sign the supervision contract, the supervision service fees will be credited to the special account, which will be supervised by the construction unit and the construction administrative department. At the same time, in order to ensure the implementation and operability of the system, the "Assessment Method for Payment of Supervision and Related Service Fees" was issued, which stipulated that before each payment of supervision service fees, an assessment team headed by the project director of the construction project quality supervision institution was organized to assess and evaluate the performance of the project supervision department and put forward suggestions for payment of supervision service fees, so that the construction unit could pay accordingly. Through the implementation of this system, the supervision market order is further standardized and the quality of supervision work is improved. Since the implementation of the special account storage system for supervision service fees, the supervision service fees of Huai 'an urban area 1 18 projects have been deposited in special accounts, with the contract amount of supervision and related service fees reaching 97.38 million yuan and the total investment of supervision projects reaching 8.654 billion yuan. The source is checked, and the "Measures for Bidding of Huai 'an Engineering Construction Supervision and Related Services" is formulated through public bidding, and the construction project supervision is included in the scope of public bidding. It is stipulated that large and medium-sized infrastructure, public utilities and other projects related to public interests and people's lives and safety, all projects invested by state-owned funds, projects in which state-owned funds occupy a controlling or leading position, affordable housing, resettlement houses, poor housing, commercial housing and other residential projects must be supervised and publicly invited. In particular, the quotation of supervision and related service fees that are not carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Supervision and Related Service Fees and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Storage of Special Account for Construction Project Supervision and Related Service Fees in Huai 'an City shall be regarded as invalid bidding. In recent years, the project supervised by the director of bidding has won high-quality projects at or above the municipal level (including the municipal level), giving extra points for bidding; Won the provincial and municipal quality engineering award, each project plus 0.3 points; Won the provincial quality project award, each project plus 0.8 points; Won the national quality engineering award, each project plus 1 point. Post, Positioning and Quality Service "Quality Service Standard for Supervision in Construction Stage of Construction Engineering" was issued, which encouraged supervision enterprises to actively implement quality service standards, and required the chief project supervision engineer, professional supervision engineer and supervision personnel, and the number of professional facilities and personnel should not be lower than the specified requirements. The chief supervision engineer and professional supervision engineer must be fully in place according to the work arrangement, and the on-site attendance rate of supervision personnel is required to be 100%. Project supervision institutions must work in independent places. Establish a parallel testing mechanism for raw materials and parts, and equip them with corresponding testing equipment. At the same time, in order to avoid the phenomenon of one person supervising multiple projects or empty posts, the system of listing construction project supervisors for posts is formulated. It is stipulated that all construction project supervision practitioners shall be listed for posts. Within 5 days after signing the supervision contract with the construction unit/kloc-0, the supervision enterprise must go through the contract filing formalities with the municipal construction administrative department, submit the list of supervisors on the project site, and issue the supervisors' post work permit after examination. The work permit indicates the basic information such as the project name and post, and the work permit is only used in the project.

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