Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union: the game between Moscow and Stalin

On February 6th, 1949, Chairman Mao's special train slowly left Xizhimen Railway Station and began his first trip to the Soviet Union.

As the first visit of New China, Chairman Mao's trip was not only to celebrate Stalin's 70th birthday, but also to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance with the Soviet Union.

As early as August 1945, the Soviet government signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the then Kuomintang government. The treaty includes some clauses that seriously harm the national interests, such as the internationalization of Dalian Port, allowing the Soviet Union to rent Lushun Port as a naval base, and the Sino-Soviet joint operation of the Middle East Railway and the South Manchuria Railway. On this treaty, mikoyan, the representative of the Soviet Union, told Chairman Mao and other the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in Xibaipo in February 1949 that "this treaty is unequal". He also said that the Soviet government had decided that once a peace treaty was signed with Japan and the United States promised to withdraw its troops from Japan, the Soviet Union would abolish this unequal treaty.

After a journey of 10 days, the special train arrived at Yaroslavl station in Moscow at noon on 1949+02+06. Soviet Central Leader Molotov and Defense Minister Marshal bulganin came to meet Chairman Mao and his party. The Soviet side originally arranged a grand welcoming ceremony, but it was too cold, so everything was simple and told Chairman Mao that if he wanted to make a speech, he could give it to the newspaper for publication. However, Chairman Mao insisted on making a short speech at the ice, and then he went to the station outside Moscow.

At 6 pm, Chairman Mao was invited into Stalin's office in the Kremlin. As soon as the office door was opened, Stalin got up and stepped forward to shake hands with Chairman Mao. Stalin asked with concern whether everything went well on the road. Chairman Mao replied: "My old friend Chiang Kai-shek is very concerned about my trip. He will definitely give me some tricks, but we have taken strict precautions. " Stalin nodded and smiled, then congratulated the people of China on the great victory of the revolution, and said that Chairman Mao was younger and stronger than he had imagined.

After the greeting, the two sides began the first formal talks between the top leaders of China and the Soviet Union. Chairman Mao said at the meeting that we should make something "delicious and beautiful", that is, diplomatic initiative and pragmatic cooperation. However, this metaphorical expression of China people really puzzled Stalin, a foreigner, at a time when Stalin had doubts about unconditionally amending the Sino-Soviet Treaty.

After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao gave the policy of "cleaning the house first, then treating guests" and refused to recognize all the unequal treaties in the past. Therefore, it is imperative to sign a new Sino-Soviet equality treaty during his visit to the Soviet Union. Before Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, he communicated with the Soviet Union many times on the issue of treaties. However, unexpected problems were encountered in the negotiations with Stalin.

Stalin said that the treaty signed by the Soviet Union and the former Kuomintang was a package of treaties under the Yalta Conference, which also involved the interests of the United States, Britain and other countries. If the treaty is to be amended, it will affect the treaties between the Soviet Union and other countries. The final meaning is that the Soviet Union does not want to abolish this unequal treaty with China. And put forward that we can adopt a flexible way to keep the form of the treaty, but actually modify it. That is to say, on the surface, the right of Soviet troops stationed in Lushun was reserved, but in fact, according to China's suggestion, the Soviet troops were withdrawn from Lushun.

Regarding Stalin's suggestion, Chairman Mao replied at that time: "This issue should be carefully considered!" Later, Chairman Mao also discussed loans, trade and other issues with Stalin. Chairman Mao hoped that the Soviet Union would provide China with a loan of $300 million. Fortunately, there was no disagreement on the issue of loans in the Soviet Union, so when Stalin readily agreed to this request, the gloom in Chairman Mao's heart only slightly dissipated. After the meeting, Chairman Mao and others returned to the suburban villa by bus.

Chairman Mao and Stalin did not agree on the time for their next meeting, but Chairman Mao thought they could meet Stalin again soon. But who knows that Chairman Mao and his party stayed in the suburban villa for four and a half days. Only Molotov, mikoyan and others paid a courtesy visit in four days, but the conversation with them was mostly a courtesy greeting, and the time was very short. Whenever Chairman Mao invited them to dinner, they politely refused. This situation lasted until 65438+February 2 1, Stalin's 70th birthday. On this day, a grand celebration was held at the Moscow Grand Theatre, and countries * * * * came to congratulate.

After the banquet, Chairman Mao could not sit still for a long time. He invited Soviet Foreign Minister Covali Yev to his residence and told Stalin through him that he hoped to hold talks on 23rd or 24th to solve the problems of Sino-Soviet treaties, loan agreements and trade agreements.

Two days later, in Stalin's villa, Chairman Mao met with Stalin again, and they had a second formal meeting. The talks lasted for five and a half hours, and they talked about international issues such as Vietnam, Japan and Western Europe. But Stalin said nothing about the new treaty to be signed between China and the Soviet Union.

65438+In late February, all countries returned home after attending Stalin's birthday celebration, but Chairman Mao stayed. Stalin asked people to call about Chairman Mao's diet and daily life almost every day, but he never talked about signing a contract or meeting. Seeing this, Chairman Mao told Soviet personnel from time to time that I came here not only for my birthday, but also for business. However, except for the courtesy answer, there is still no actual progress, and the negotiations seem to be deadlocked.

On October 20th, 65438/KLOC-0, a delegation led by Premier Zhou Enlai arrived in Moscow. From 65438+1October 22, the two sides began negotiations. After nearly a month of consultations, the treaty was finally adopted. On February 6, 2004, the signing ceremony of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, the China Changchun Railway, Lushunkou and Dalian Agreement and the Soviet Union Loan Agreement to People's Republic of China (PRC) was held in the Kremlin. On the same day, China and the Soviet Union announced the conclusion of a new friendly treaty, and the old treaties and agreements became invalid.

At this point, the purpose of Chairman Mao's trip has basically been achieved. 1950 February 17, chairman Mao left Moscow and called the Soviets "comrades and friends!" .

Read history and establish a correct view.