Guiping Humanism: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Third Place in Guiping —— the local vassal of jintian uprising

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom refers to a peasant uprising that took place in the late Qing Dynasty from 185 1 to 1864, commonly known as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.

This movement reached the peak of the old peasant war, which was unprecedented in the history of the world. There was a great criticism of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime in history, and now there are various opinions, but it is undeniable that this movement started the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary struggle in modern history and was engraved on the monument to heroes in Tiananmen Square.

There are many research articles and stories about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, including academic, anecdotal, official and unofficial history. So now, if you want to know more about this sport, you can easily learn a thing or two from all aspects. After all, the armed forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have reached nearly 20 provinces, and their influence is far-reaching. They have directly conquered more than 600 cities, leaving relevant records in many places regardless of the length of time. Things have passed for a long time, and the good and the bad have all settled down, that is, the local history and humanities.

Among the humanities in these places, the most important and topical nature is people. For example, the number of princes in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was influenced by some street literature. Now there is a saying that more than 2,700 kings were sealed during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which became a kind of * * * knowledge, and articles based on it were searched a lot.

This figure is really untrue, and it can't be counted now anyway. In the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, only those kings came and went, and a dozen people came. More, even if there is a name, it is either taken over or there is no historical record. In short, there is no story to tell.

In the early days of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, strict enfeoffment system was implemented, and the establishment of the Six Kings of Yong 'an was maintained until its capital Tianjing. Later, at the beginning of China, in view of the fact that the original six kings had already lost two, the prince and Yu Wang were added, this time was reasonable. However, after a series of subsequent events, the system of awarding the title of king slowly got out of control.

How to do it, when to do it, and to what extent, is a long story. Simply put, it is also related to the political environment at that time, the power struggle between people, and the influence between the current situation and the current situation. Later, in Luo Ergang's History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there were more than 250 governors who actually hammered and listed their deeds, and more were not listed, which was really difficult to verify.

Guiping, as the outbreak place of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, naturally many people participated, some of whom followed Tianjing until the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed, and then were enfeoffed and became vassals of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In addition to some famous figures, there are more than 30 people recorded in historical materials. Even if these people are familiar with the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, more than half of them don't know or understand it. Why and when did these people become kings?

A cursory look at the list information in the table will tell you a thing or two. In the words of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it is an old brother who went out in Guangxi during the uprising, or a relative of his own family. Their knighthood was either pursued later, or was later titled because of nepotism.

At least half of them are fighting for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. To put it bluntly, "they shed blood and sweat for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". Therefore, in the later system, they can get the title of prince, which is still reasonable; There is still a small part, although it is not recorded, but one or two can be guessed from the name, which is nepotism; If there are other things that are not recorded, it is a bit unclear.

If we carefully observe the directory information in the table, we can see a phenomenon. Everyone's record has missing parts, especially the age. There are more than 30 people, and only four people have accurate dates of birth and death. The rest either know who it is or who it is, or some don't know the date of birth and death, and their whereabouts are unknown. Why is this?

Not to mention these little-known figures in the kingdom of heaven, even among the famous princes in the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, some of them are simply missing identity information, such as not remembering the exact age or confusing their native places.

In fact, this is also one of the more topical contents in the historical event of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. For example, Wang (Xiang) is 365,438+0 years old and 30 years old in each article. Wu Yuan (Wu Ming) said his native place, Gui Ping said it, and Jieyang said it in Guangdong.

Judging from the current situation, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was an opposition, but in feudal society, the punishment for the rebels was very cruel. In addition to the rebels themselves, all three families will be punished, and even the ancestral graves will be dug. What's more, as TV and novels say, "If one person makes a mistake, nine families will be punished", the heavy ones will be copied all over the house, and the light ones will only be sent to remote areas. Just like Xiao Chaogui, the Queen of the West, and Hong Xiuquan, the King of Heaven, they were all dug up and disposed of in the end. Therefore, when the laggards are caught, many people are afraid to report their true place of origin for fear that their hometown people will be liquidated.

This may be the reason why many generals of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were captured. Except for some who haven't changed their names and surnames, there is no way to change them. Some of them also responded to this basic information many times in their confessions and quoted several place names at random. It's confusing that this one is here today and that one is there tomorrow. Take your time. In the end, under the influence of various factors, their origin will become a mystery for a period of time.

This leads to many stories, just like (Xiang) wrote an article, which probably means that when he was locked up in Beijing, the interrogators saw many interesting places in Jiangnan. Is it Jiangnan? Well, Jiangnan said; Another examiner examined it. Originally from Guangxi. It must be those people from Guiping. Guiping said it. Later generations in the study of history, no, he is from Wuyuan (Wu Ming), there is evidence, has become a general theory, Wu Ming said; Further study, none of you are right. This is wrong, this is flawed. Guangdong Jieyang talents are right, and Guangdong has also said that.

In the final analysis, these statements are all because the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was liquidated by the then Qing court after its failure. For example, after the Taiping Army left Guiping Jintian in the north, the Qing army slaughtered and burned there, leaving nothing behind. Without power, the insider is afraid of getting angry and can only avoid this topic and deny something. The same is true of historical records. As Fang Qingting at that time, when recording and telling things that were unfavorable to the other party, many records deviated from the truth because of the position problem, natural paranoia, prejudice, what to remember, what not to remember and how to remember.

Another point is that most people in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Group are from the bottom, and it is difficult to read and write if they can contribute. Those who are literate and have read several books are only a minority in the group. In addition, the environment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was not stable for a few days, and there were many things to face life and death. Therefore, they pay little attention to these documents, culture, literature and history, and have no time and energy to sort out these people's files.

Who cares where you come from and how old you are when you fight and kill? To make contributions and live. This has caused the vacancy of all kinds of files in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and caused many people's basic information to be imperfect. There are few records left by the previous generation, and there are few effective materials for future generations in the process of studying history. Many things can only be heard from hearsay, half guessing and half testing for granted, which makes many Taiping Heavenly Kingdom figures lose their footing and end up in their thirties.

Later, many characters were branded as native Guiping, saying that it was caused by various special historical reasons. The earlier the document, the simpler it is. Guiping is the place where the epidemic occurred. It was wartime, and their native place was uncertain, right? Well, what's there to study? Listed as Guiping nationality, sealed.

In the early documents of Guiping, such as Guiping County Annals in 1980s, there were about 40 figures of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In addition to those listed in the above table, there are more than ten biographies: Ru, Xi Wangmu, Xiao Chaogui, Liang, Wu Wang, Zeng Tianyang, Zhu Ji and Fengxiang (Xiang).

The compilation of local chronicles at that time naturally had the data found at that time to testify. After all, editing local chronicles is not so casual, and the final version has been finalized, but the identity information of these characters is still in doubt. I can only add "Who is the other party?" I can't help it. It wasn't as simple and rich as it is now. So there are many stories later, regardless of age, everything is much better as far as native place is concerned.

Among the six kings of Yong 'an explained in earlier literature, except Tianwang and Wang Nan, the other four kings are all labeled as Jintian or Zijingshan in Guiping. For example, during the Republic of China, 1944, a memorial hall for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was built in Zhongshan Park, and a memorial pavilion was displayed to show the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The memorial pavilion was about the birthplace of Guiping, these kings. However,

At that time, the conclusion was probably: East Wang Yang and North Wang Wei Changhui knew clearly that their ancestors were Cantonese and were born in this area, and Guiping was no different; Xiao Chaogui, the father of the Western King, was born in Guiping and is his father's son-in-law. Shi Dakai's home is at the junction of Guiping and Guixian. Some people think it is Guiping's side. It is normal to say this.

With the research and frequent textual research of later generations, these statements have changed and been corrected. For example, Xiao Chaogui was designated as Wuxuan Dongxiang, but Shi Dakai was not regarded as Guiping when Guiping County Annals were compiled in the 1980s, because Yiwangting was built in your county as early as 1934, and it was the earliest memorial building of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was studied by Luo Ergang, a leading figure in the study of the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and Shi Dakai was your county.

Any topic with a deep history and a controversial origin can be found in all dynasties and places. Far away, there are also examples in Guangxi, such as "Yang Guifei said in Rong County and Sichuan said"; Yuan Chonghuan Pingnan said, tengxian said, Dongguan said; Sanjie Liu said, Luocheng said, Yizhou said, Guilin said, Liuzhou said, Guigang said, Guangdong said, and so on. But no matter which dynasty, place or historical event, this kind of character story is not as complicated and concentrated as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

In addition to these six kings, the basic information of many of the dozens of people recorded by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is not clear. For example, Qin Rigang, the prince of Yan, now thinks he is from your county, but he was thought to be from Baisha in the early days. At that time, several people of his generation were crowned king in Baisha, and there were several "Qin Rimou" in the table, who thought they were his cousins, so the king must have contact with him.

There are many other figures who have similar problems, such as Li, Yulin and Wu Yuan (Wu Ming). Mu Wang has Tan Shaoguang, Guiping and Xiangzhou. I wish Wang Ji, Tian, and if there is any problem, Guiping said; King Chen Yucheng, Guiping said, tengxian said; Zhang, Gui Ping said, Pingnan said; Luo outline, Guangdong said, Guangxi said. . . . . .

In short, many figures in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have problems such as their native place and unknown age. With the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom becoming a field of historical academic research, the real birthplace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom characters has gradually come to a conclusion, which also shows differentiation. People have different views in different places; Different historical records have different records; Even the historical records of the same place have completely different opinions in different times; What's more, the same person studies at different times and has different explanations.

Nowadays, writers from all directions cite this and that, and when they spread it, they can't distinguish between factions. Am I wrong in the end? After careful study, there is evidence and corroboration everywhere. No one can convince anyone, even I don't know which to believe.

Finally, the same person is formed, and the birth information is different, forming a topic. This is the story.

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