Introduction to Latin

Latin family is a linguistic kinship group with Latin as its father. Latin is the language of Latin people who live near the mouth of the Tiber River in Latin America. In the 8th century BC, Latin was inhabited by other people of the same race, such as Ombri, Aussie, Sabbini and Saniti. The farther they are from the Tiber River, the greater the difference between their language and Latin. Due to the relatively backward culture, Latin was still a language with poor vocabulary when Romulus was built, and it could only express basic concepts such as personal feelings, working life, exchange of goods and religious beliefs. Educated Latin advocates Greek culture, chooses Greek as the first language and writes in Greek. For example, early Roman historians, even the emperor Marcus Aurelius in the imperial period, looked down on Latin. Later, with the expansion of war and peaceful exchanges, a large number of Greek and Arabic words entered Latin, which greatly changed the face of Latin. Especially in 1 century BC, Cicero improved the level of Latin with his works.

Language maturity is always done by writers. 1 century, a huge empire was established, and Latin became the official language of this empire. The conqueror army of the empire brought Latin to the conquered land and mixed it with the local language. The conquest of Spain in 2- 1 century led to the substitution of Latin for Carthage, the conquest of Gaul from 225 BC to 57 BC led to the substitution of Latin for Celtic, and the conquest of Dacia in 106 led to the substitution or mixing of Latin for local languages. Nevertheless, dialects mixed with Latin and indigenous languages still exist outside the official Latin. When the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476, this folk Latin was fully developed. With the establishment of nation-states in the18th century, they became independent official languages as the national languages of new countries. Thus, Italian first came into being in the hometown of Roman Empire, which is Florence dialect among many dialects in Apennine Peninsula. Cultural progress in Florence during the Renaissance and the great masterpiece Divine Comedy by Dante helped Florence dialect gain the status of Italian Mandarin. Secondly, in Spain, Castilla dialect has achieved the status of Spanish Mandarin, which is the closest language to Italian. In fact, there are other Latin dialects in Spain, such as Catalan, which is still used in Barcelona. Thirdly, Portuguese has gained independence, which is far from Latin and closer to French in pronunciation and grammar system; Fourth, French became independent earlier, but there is a big gap with Latin, because some basic words are different, probably because it is a mixture of Celtic and Latin.