What are the factors that affect the individual's physical and mental development and their functions?

The factors that affect people's physical and mental development can be summarized as genetic quality, maturity, environment and individual practice activities. School education is a special environment, which has special significance for individual development.

1. Heredity and its function

(1) The concept of heredity

Heredity refers to anatomical and physiological characteristics inherited from the previous generation, which are also called hereditary qualities. Heredity is the material premise of individual development.

(2) the significance of heredity

1. Genetic quality is the premise of people's physical and mental development, which provides the possibility for individuals' physical and mental development.

2. The difference of genetic quality is one of the reasons for individual differences. We must admit that the influence of heredity on human development exists objectively. What we need to care about is how to create conditions for people with different innate qualities to develop as fully as possible.

3. The role of heredity in human development cannot be exaggerated. Genetic quality only provides physiological premise for human development, but cannot determine human development (wrong view: genetic determinism).

Second, the influence of maturity on individual development

1. In pedagogy, maturity refers to a state of children's individual growth and development, which means that their physical and psychological functions and abilities have reached a relatively complete stage, that is, they have grown from children to adults. The maturity of genetic quality restricts the level and stage of physical and mental development (Gesell's maturity mechanism (the experiment of twins climbing stairs), which is manifested in two aspects: reproductive ability in physiology and independent consciousness in psychology)

2. The significance of maturity

The maturity of human body restricts the degree and characteristics of physical and mental development, which provides possibilities and limitations for the emergence of physical and mental characteristics at a certain age. When the development of a skill is dominated by maturity, there is no need to train it in advance.

III. Environment and Function

Environment generally refers to all external factors that affect the physical and mental development of individuals.

Influence of environment on individual development:

1. It provides various possibilities for individual development, including opportunities, conditions and objects.

2. There are positive and negative influences of environment on individual development.

3. People's subjective initiative in accepting environmental influences and functions (wrong view: environmental determinism).

Fourth, the special function of school education for individual development

(1) Why does school education play a leading role in human development

In a certain sense, school education is a special environment. Through purposeful selection and refinement, the school has systematically influenced students and people according to the characteristics of human development.

2. School education is carried out by specially trained teachers, and the effect is relatively good.

3. School education can effectively control and influence various factors of students' development.

(2) the unique function of school education in influencing people's development

1. School education makes social norms on the direction and aspects of individual development according to the basic requirements of society for individuals.

2. School education has the special function of accelerating individual development (zone of proximal development).

3. The influence of school education on individual development has immediate and delayed value.

4. The school has the function of developing individual special talents and personality.

v. Individual's subjective initiative

The first level of individual's subjective initiative is the physiological activities that people carry out as living beings.

the second level is the individual's psychological activities. One of the most basic is cognitive activities.

the highest level is social practice. It has distinct purpose, directionality and procedure, and embodies people's active choice.

Function: The individual's subjective initiative in the interaction with the environment is the decisive factor to promote the individual's development from the potential state to the reality state.

People's physical and mental development refers to the coordinated development of people's physical strength and brain power. Including physical and psychological development.

the so-called physical development refers to the normal development of the body and the enhancement of physical fitness. The normal development of the body enhances the physique, and the enhancement of the physique contributes to the sound development of the body. The two interact with each other.

The so-called psychological development refers to the development of cognitive ability and personality characteristics. Cognition includes feeling, perception, memory, thinking, etc. Personality includes needs, interests, emotions, will and so on. The two are also inseparable.

The development of cognition promotes the formation and development of human personality; The development of personality urges people to deepen their understanding in practice according to their own intentions.

There are many factors that affect people's physical and mental development, but there are three main factors: one is congenital genetic factors, that is, biological factors; The second is the acquired environmental factors, that is, natural factors; Third, educational factors, that is, social factors.

These three factors have different influences at different stages of people's physical and mental development. Genetic factors provide material premise for people's physical and mental development; Environmental factors play a decisive role in people's physical and mental development; Educational factors play a leading role in people's physical and mental development.

Reference: Factors and Functions Affecting Individual Physical and Mental Development

by Sohu.com? Baidu Encyclopedia Physical and Mental Development