Is there any teacher or friend who studies civil engineering who can teach me how to learn this major, but I can't understand the books on this major?

Civil engineering has the following four basic attributes.

Generally, the comprehensive construction of an engineering facility has to go through three stages: survey, design and construction, which requires the application of engineering geological survey, hydrogeological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, engineering mechanics, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, construction economy and other disciplines, construction technology, construction organization and other fields, as well as computer and mechanical testing technology. Therefore, civil engineering is a comprehensive subject, involving a wide range.

With the progress of science and technology and the development of engineering practice, the discipline of civil engineering has also developed into a comprehensive system with wide connotation, numerous categories and complex structure. For example, as far as the functions of engineering facilities built by civil engineering are concerned, some of them are used for living and even as "buried underground" graves; Some are used as places for production activities; Some are used for land, sea and air transportation; Some are used for water conservancy; Some are used as tools for information transmission; Some are used as a means of energy transfer and so on. This requires that civil engineering should make comprehensive use of various material conditions to meet various needs. Civil engineering has developed many branches, such as housing engineering, railway engineering, road engineering, airport engineering, bridge engineering, tunnel and underground engineering, special engineering structure, water supply and drainage engineering, urban heating and gas supply engineering, port engineering, water conservancy engineering and other disciplines. Some branches, such as hydraulic engineering, have been separated from civil engineering and become independent subject systems due to the increasing number of their own engineering objects and the development of specialized science and technology, but they still have the commonness of civil engineering to a great extent.

Social civil engineering is developed with the development of human society. The engineering facilities it built reflect the development of social economy, culture and science and technology in various historical periods, so civil engineering has become one of the witnesses of social and historical development. In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and ditches to meet the needs of simple life and production. Later, people built cities, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings to meet the needs of war, production and life and religious communication. Many famous engineering facilities show the creativity of human beings in this historical period. For example, the Great Wall in China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, the wooden pagodas in Zhao Zhouqiao and Yingxian, the Egyptian pyramids, the Parthenon in Greece, the water supply project in Rome, the Colosseum in Rome, and many other famous churches and palaces.

After the industrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, society put forward new demands for civil engineering; On the other hand, all fields of society have created good conditions for the progress of civil engineering. For example, the realization of industrial production of building materials (steel, cement), the progress of machinery and energy technology and design theory have provided material and technical support for civil engineering. Therefore, civil engineering in this period has developed by leaps and bounds. Large-scale modern industrial workshops, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, large-diameter transportation pipelines, long tunnels, grand canals, dams, big airports, big seaports and marine projects have emerged all over the world. Modern civil engineering constantly creates a brand-new material environment for human society and becomes an important part of modern civilization of human society.

Practical civil engineering is a highly practical subject. Early civil engineering was developed through engineering practice, summing up successful experiences, especially drawing lessons from failures. Starting from the17th century, modern mechanics, led by Galileo and Newton, combined with civil engineering practice, and gradually formed material mechanics, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics and rock mechanics as the basic theoretical disciplines of civil engineering. Only in this way can civil engineering gradually develop from experience to science. In the development of civil engineering, engineering practical experience often precedes theory, and engineering accidents often show unforeseen new factors, which lead to the research and development of new theories. So far, the treatment of many engineering problems still depends on practical experience to a great extent.

There are two reasons why the development of civil engineering technology mainly depends on engineering practice rather than scientific experiments and theoretical research: First, some objective conditions are too complicated to carry out indoor experiments or field tests and theoretical analysis truthfully. For example, the stress and deformation of foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and their changes with time still need to be analyzed and judged with reference to engineering experience. Second, only by carrying out new engineering practice can new problems be revealed. For example, high-rise buildings, towering towers and long-span bridges have been built, and the problems of wind resistance and earthquake resistance of the project are prominent, so new theories and technologies in this field can be developed.

Unity of technology, economy and architectural art People strive to build an engineering facility in the most economical way to meet the predetermined needs of users, including aesthetic requirements. The economy of the project is closely related to various technical activities. The economy of the project is firstly manifested in the site selection and overall planning of the project, and secondly in the design and construction technology. The total investment of the project construction, the economic benefit after the completion of the project and the maintenance cost during the use period are all important aspects to measure the project economy. These technical problems are closely related and need comprehensive consideration.

As a kind of space art, civil engineering facilities that meet the functional requirements are first expressed through the overall layout, their body shape, the size ratio of each part, lines, colors, light and dark shadows and the surrounding environment, including their harmony with natural scenery; Secondly, it is reflected by the local decoration attached to the engineering facilities. The modeling and decoration of engineering facilities can also reflect local style, national style and times style. A successful and beautiful engineering facility can add beauty to the surrounding scenery and the appearance of the town, giving people beautiful enjoyment; On the contrary, it will destroy the environment.