Faced with the deepening of economic globalization and increasingly fierce international competition, how should my country's manufacturing industry respond?

The process of economic globalization will undoubtedly bring many actual or potential challenges to China, but its

irreversibility means that latecomers to globalization like China must change With its backwardness, we must integrate into

this trend, make full use of the opportunities it provides, and strive to catch up with developed countries. To this end, we must formulate

correct strategies : Increase comprehensive national strength and safeguard national economic security; continue to expand opening to the outside world and actively participate in international competition

; actively support and participate in international economic organizations and regional economic organizations, and strengthen regional economy

Cooperation; strive to improve and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises; establish an effective financial risk prevention mechanism.

The process of economic globalization will undoubtedly pose many actual or potential challenges to China, but its irreversibility means that latecomers to globalization like China must integrate into the global economy if they want to change their backwardness. In this trend, we should make full use of the opportunities it provides and strive to catch up with developed countries. Engels once pointed out clearly when backward countries used tradition to shorten their development process towards a socialist society: "Only when we see how the productive forces of modern industry can be used as social property to serve the entire society

- ---Only then can these backward countries embark on the path of such a shortened development process."

China has learned a painful lesson in this regard. Since the Chinese were forcibly included in the globalization process by Western countries in modern times, they have missed opportunities time and time again to change their marginal status in the world economic system. For example, the third wave of scientific and technological revolution enabled Japan and the Four East Asian Tigers to modernize. At that time, China stayed away from and even resisted this globalization process, resulting in its own isolation and Rigid and unable to benefit from it. After 1978, China's new modern leaders faced the development trend of globalization and firmly grasped the favorable external environment and valuable development it provided for China. With the opportunity, we ended our isolation from the world, changed our economic development model, implemented reforms

opening up policies, and actively participated in the process of globalization: economically, we used preferential policies to attract foreign investment, from

It has relatively successfully participated in the international division of labor; it has carried out political and economic system reform and the construction of a market economy

system, and actively integrated with international practices. Reform and opening up has enabled China to obtain the funds, technology, information and markets needed for modernization from the process of economic globalization. China’s development experience proves that “construction cannot be successful behind closed doors, and China’s development cannot be separated from the world”; “We must comprehensively and correctly understand and treat

The problem of economic 'globalization'. Economic 'globalization' is an objective trend in the development of the world economy. No one can avoid it. Everyone must participate in it. "Therefore, China is facing the challenge of economic globalization today. When faced with severe challenges, just face them forward with courage and never retreat.

----It is necessary to increase comprehensive national strength and maintain national economic security.

In the era of economic globalization, the competition of comprehensive national strength has replaced the competition of political and military power. In the long run, a country can ensure its economic security only by strengthening its own development, continuously enhancing its comprehensive national strength and improving its international competitiveness. To this end, China must continue to focus on economic construction, accelerate the pace of modernization

construction, and rapidly increase China's economic strength; it must achieve sustainable economic development, that is, economy and population

Coordinated development of environment and resources will enhance the potential of China’s economic development.

In order to comply with the domestic economic development strategy of improving overall national strength, for a long time to come, the focus of our international strategy will still be to serve domestic reform, development and stability. The overall situation is to make friends internationally and try to avoid conflicts with other countries without losing principles.

When joining the globalization process, we must pay attention to timing issues, that is, according to our own economic adaptability

p>

Strive to choose the time to join different globalization fields to minimize risks and costs; when participating in global economic cooperation and competition, pay attention to influencing international through domestic institutional arrangements or Institutional arrangements are made to safeguard national economic sovereignty. The country must take the initiative in terms of resources, infrastructure, pillar industries, important service industries and information technology industries. Ensure the country’s economic security.

----We must continue to expand opening up to the outside world and actively participate in international competition.

Opening up to the outside world is only a means, and economic development is the goal. In the era of economic globalization, if a country does not open up to the outside world, it will be a dead end just like it does not develop. Facts have proved that only those developing countries that have rapidly participated in economic globalization have achieved relatively stable and rapid economic development, and vice versa. It can be seen that economic globalization is also beneficial to the development of developing countries. Even Prebisch, the originator of the dependency theory, pointed out: If developing countries want to pursue economic development, they must rely on the edges of the economic system as the United States and Japan did in history.

When the edge becomes the center, the correct approach "is not to strive to cut off the connection with the center, but to make wise use of this connection." [1] Economic globalization enables a country's economic development to get rid of the constraints of resources and markets to the greatest extent

and provides the maximum possibility for enterprises to use the most favorable locations and resources to engage in production and business activities

. This naturally brings about the development of international division of labor, the transfer of industries and the flow of production factors. China should expand its opening to the outside world without becoming overly dependent on the outside world, actively participate in the international division of labor and make use of favorable resources in the international market to make up for the shortage of domestic capital, technology and other production factors. Scarcity; give full play to its comparative advantages

and late-mover advantages to quickly realize industrial upgrading, technological progress, institutional innovation and economic structural changes.

For example, China has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive products. China can first vigorously develop this industry to actively participate in the international division of labor and international competition. After having appropriate accumulation After that, industry upgrading will be carried out in a timely manner, which will contribute to the success of economic development. South Korea's industrial development has gradually taken a path from labor-intensive to capital- and technology-intensive. As a result, it has not only successfully achieved industrial upgrading and economic development, but also achieved rapid progress in comparison

It has caught up with developed countries in a relatively short period of time and has certain advantages in international competition in many high-tech fields

For another example, if China wants to modernize its economy and improve its international competitiveness, it must eventually develop its own high-tech industries. However, China's capital is scarce and its science and technology are still relatively backward. Therefore, China needs to While concentrating

limited material and financial resources on some major scientific and technological projects, we will also use our own

advantage as a latecomer to actively introduce foreign advanced science and technology, and in the process of digestion and absorption based on innovation and transcendence. From a practical point of view, modern rising stars like Japan and South Korea all attach great importance to the introduction and absorption of foreign advanced technologies.

According to statistics, until 1990, Japan's technology imports were still greater than exports; South Korea's 20th century

The technologies needed for economic development from the 1960s to the 1980s were mainly imported, especially in the 1980s, "

According to preliminary statistics, South Korea introduced 2,598 technology patents from 1981 to 1987, which is 60% of the total in the past 25 years; patent fees were approximately US$1.5 billion, which was the largest number in the past. 77” of the 25-year total.

----We must actively support and participate in international economic organizations and regional economic organizations, and strengthen regional economic cooperation

With the development of global economic integration, various countries, regions and The interdependence of nations has deepened

The overall development of the world and the solution of global problems cannot be separated from the joint participation of developed and developing countries

. Therefore, there are more and more world-wide economic organizations and actions to solve global problems, which partly reflects the requirements of the vast number of developing countries to reform the current international political and economic order, achieve coordinated economic development of various countries, and effectively

A strong desire to solve problems such as the widening gap between North and South[3]. However, today's globalization process is different from the globalization process of the 19th century. It is not entirely centered on the West, but presents diversified development characteristics, that is, global

The process of economic regionalization goes hand in hand with the trend of economic regionalization. At present, most countries and regions in the world have formed dozens of regional economic groups of various forms.

In the process of great changes in today's international economic environment, China has been basically excluded from the world's economic rules and regulations

This is because of its political status in the world in recent years. The speed of economic and trade development is extremely disproportionate to its huge development potential. Therefore, China must join various global and regional economic

trade organizations as soon as possible in principle to make international institutional arrangements more conducive to our country's modernization construction: try to be as soon as possible

One of the members of the World Trade Organization has made a difference, because it is still the most important organization that regulates and improves international economic and trade actions

; we must strive to play a greater role and influence in APEC ; Efforts should be made to participate in and cultivate regional

economic organizations, especially the Chinese economic circle and the East Asia Economic Cooperation Organization with Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao as the main body, because regional

economic cooperation can reduce or resist The negative impact of economic globalization, such as the Asian financial crisis, is of great significance to China's political and economic security and sustainable development.

----Strive to improve and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.

A country’s international competitiveness includes national competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness. National competitiveness is composed of macroeconomics, technological level, internationalization level, government role, human resources and other factors; corporate competitiveness is composed of innovation capabilities, corporate governance structure, It is composed of factors such as the combination of factors and the competitiveness of related industries.

With the acceleration of economic globalization, the formation of a unified global market and the development of science and technology, the economic competition between countries

is ultimately a competition between enterprises in terms of technological innovation capabilities. , The competitiveness of a country depends on the competitiveness of enterprises.

Therefore, improving the international competitiveness of our country's enterprises is the key to improving our country's international competitiveness.

To this end,

without protecting backwardness, we should pay attention to protecting national infant industries and improving the independent development capabilities of national industries

and try to implement national treatment for foreign-invested enterprises within the country. principles, reduce or even cancel preferential policies and special treatment for foreign businessmen; at the same time, in the face of increasingly fierce international competition, Chinese enterprises must strive to improve their technology level and economic benefits, on the basis of accelerating the construction of modern enterprise systems and under the premise of market economy regulations

actively forming my country's large enterprise groups or multinational companies to carry out international operations,

>

Participate in international competition and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises.

----Establish an effective financial risk prevention mechanism.

After China implemented reform and opening up, borrowing has been the main form of utilizing foreign capital for a long time.

After the 1990s, foreign direct investment gradually became the main form of utilizing foreign capital and has become Second only to the United States, it is the country that receives the most

international direct investment. By 1996, China's total foreign debt was approximately US$128.8 billion, of which more than 80% was long-term debt. The total debt repayment accounted for only 8.7% of exports of goods and services. According to internationally accepted debt safety indicators, China's external debt scale is reasonable and it has sufficient solvency. However, we

should be prepared for danger in times of peace and take precautions before they occur, because the acceleration of economic globalization has accelerated the free flow of capital, most of which are short-term speculative speculations. Capital often leads to financial crises. In view of this, when we carry out modernization construction, we should base on the combination of domestic capital and reasonable use of foreign capital. Just like Japan and the Four Tigers when carrying out modernization construction, fixed capital investment Mainly rely on internal accumulation to keep the entire finance in a benign situation of "high savings rate-high investment rate-high economic growth rate-high savings rate" as much as possible; strengthen the government

in Utilize unified management of foreign debt, focusing on the utilization of medium and long-term foreign debt, maintaining an appropriate speed and scale,

preventing the formation of debt disasters and crises; utilizing foreign capital should mainly be direct investment from foreign businessmen, and based on national Economic

The needs of economic development and national economic security should guide the investment direction of foreign capital; in terms of capital flows, avoid over-opening regardless of national conditions

Particular attention should be paid to cautious opening of capital accounts and control of speculative activities. Strong short-term capital inflows and outflows.

In short, in the era of economic globalization, China's development cannot be separated from the world, and the development of the world also needs China's progress.

As long as China can seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, exploit strengths and avoid weaknesses in the process of participating in globalization, and maintain its own independent development

the degree of participation is consistent with its actual needs, affordability and absorption capacity for economic development

>

Characteristics, making full use of the new economic development The process of economic globalization will undoubtedly bring many actual or potential challenges to China, but its irreversibility also means that globalization like China If latecomers want to change their backwardness, they must integrate

into this trend, make full use of the opportunities it provides, and strive to catch up with developed countries. To this end, they must formulate

Correct strategy: increase comprehensive national strength and safeguard national economic security; continue to expand opening to the outside world and actively participate in international competition; actively support and participate in international economic organizations and regional economic organizations, strengthen regional economy

Cooperate; strive to improve and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises; establish an effective financial risk prevention mechanism.

The process of economic globalization will undoubtedly pose many actual or potential challenges to China, but its irreversibility means that latecomers to globalization like China must integrate into the global economy if they want to change their backwardness. In this trend, we should make full use of the opportunities it provides and strive to catch up with developed countries.

Engels once pointed out clearly when backward countries used tradition to shorten their development process towards a socialist society: "Only when we see how the productive forces of modern industry can be used as social property to serve the entire society

- ---Only then can these backward countries embark on the path of such a shortened development process."

China has learned a painful lesson in this regard. Since the Chinese were forcibly included in the globalization process by Western countries in modern times, they have missed opportunities time and time again to change their marginal status in the world economic system. For example, the third wave of scientific and technological revolution enabled Japan and the Four East Asian Tigers to modernize. At that time, China stayed away from and even resisted this globalization process, resulting in its own isolation and Rigid and unable to benefit from it. After 1978, China's new modern leaders faced the development trend of globalization and firmly grasped the favorable external environment and valuable development it provided for China. With the opportunity, we ended our isolation from the world, changed our economic development model, implemented reforms

opening up policies, and actively participated in the process of globalization: economically, we used preferential policies to attract foreign investment, from

It has relatively successfully participated in the international division of labor; it has carried out political and economic system reform and the construction of a market economy

system, and actively integrated with international practices. Reform and opening up has enabled China to obtain the funds, technology, information and markets needed for modernization from the process of economic globalization. China’s development experience proves that “construction cannot be successful behind closed doors, and China’s development cannot be separated from the world”; “We must comprehensively and correctly understand and treat

The problem of economic 'globalization'. Economic 'globalization' is an objective trend in the development of the world economy. No one can avoid it. Everyone must participate in it. "Therefore, China is facing the challenge of economic globalization today. When faced with severe challenges, just face them forward with courage and never retreat.

----It is necessary to increase comprehensive national strength and maintain national economic security.

In the era of economic globalization, the competition of comprehensive national strength has replaced the competition of political and military power. In the long run, a country can ensure its economic security only by strengthening its own development, continuously enhancing its comprehensive national strength and improving its international competitiveness. To this end, China must continue to focus on economic construction, accelerate the pace of modernization

construction, and rapidly increase China's economic strength; it must achieve sustainable economic development, that is, economy and population

Coordinated development of environment and resources will enhance the potential of China’s economic development. In order to comply with the domestic economic development strategy of improving overall national strength, for a long time to come, the focus of our international strategy will still be to serve domestic reform, development and stability. The overall situation is to make friends internationally and try to avoid conflicts with other countries without losing principles.

When joining the globalization process, we must pay attention to timing issues, that is, according to our own economic adaptability

p>

Strive to choose the time to join different globalization fields to minimize risks and costs; when participating in global economic cooperation and competition, pay attention to influencing international through domestic institutional arrangements or Institutional arrangements are made to safeguard national economic sovereignty. The country must take the initiative in terms of resources, infrastructure, pillar industries, important service industries and information technology industries. Ensure the country’s economic security.

----We must continue to expand opening up to the outside world and actively participate in international competition.

Opening up to the outside world is only a means, and economic development is the goal. In the era of economic globalization, if a country does not open up to the outside world, it will be a dead end just like it does not develop. Facts have proved that only those developing countries that have rapidly participated in economic globalization have achieved relatively stable and rapid economic development, and vice versa. It can be seen that economic globalization is also beneficial to the development of developing countries.

Even Prebisch, the originator of the dependency theory, pointed out: If developing countries want to pursue economic development, they must rely on the edges of the economic system as the United States and Japan did in history.

When the edge becomes the center, the correct approach "is not to strive to cut off the connection with the center, but to make wise use of this connection." [1] Economic globalization enables a country's economic development to get rid of the constraints of resources and markets to the greatest extent

and provides the maximum possibility for enterprises to use the most favorable locations and resources to engage in production and business activities

. This naturally brings about the development of international division of labor, the transfer of industries and the flow of production factors. China should expand its opening to the outside world without becoming overly dependent on the outside world, actively participate in the international division of labor and make use of favorable resources in the international market to make up for the shortage of domestic capital, technology and other production factors. Scarcity; give full play to its comparative advantages

and late-mover advantages to quickly realize industrial upgrading, technological progress, institutional innovation and economic structural changes.

For example, China has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive products. China can first vigorously develop this industry to actively participate in the international division of labor and international competition. After having appropriate accumulation After that, industry upgrading will be carried out in a timely manner, which will contribute to the success of economic development. South Korea's industrial development has gradually taken a path from labor-intensive to capital- and technology-intensive. As a result, it has not only successfully achieved industrial upgrading and economic development, but also achieved rapid progress in comparison

It has caught up with developed countries in a relatively short period of time and has certain advantages in international competition in many high-tech fields

For another example, if China wants to modernize its economy and improve its international competitiveness, it must eventually develop its own high-tech industries. However, China's capital is scarce and its science and technology are still relatively backward. Therefore, China needs to While concentrating

limited material and financial resources on some major scientific and technological projects, we will also use our own

advantage as a latecomer to actively introduce foreign advanced science and technology, and in the process of digestion and absorption based on innovation and transcendence. From a practical point of view, modern rising stars like Japan and South Korea all attach great importance to the introduction and absorption of foreign advanced technology. According to statistics, until 1990, Japan's technology imports were still greater than exports; South Korea's 20th century

The technologies needed for economic development from the 1960s to the 1980s were mainly imported, especially in the 1980s, "

According to preliminary statistics, South Korea introduced 2,598 technology patents from 1981 to 1987, which is 60% of the total in the past 25 years; patent fees were approximately US$1.5 billion, which was the largest number in the past. 77” of the 25-year total.

----We must actively support and participate in international economic organizations and regional economic organizations, and strengthen regional economic cooperation

With the development of global economic integration, various countries, regions and The interdependence of nations has deepened

The overall development of the world and the solution of global problems cannot be separated from the joint participation of developed and developing countries

Therefore, there are more and more world-wide economic organizations and actions to solve global problems, which partly reflects the requirements of developing countries to reform the current international political and economic order, achieve coordinated economic development of various countries, and effectively

A strong desire to solve problems such as the widening gap between North and South[3]. However, today's globalization process is different from the globalization process of the 19th century. It is not entirely centered on the West, but presents diversified development characteristics, that is, global

The process of economic regionalization goes hand in hand with the trend of economic regionalization. At present, most countries and regions in the world have formed dozens of regional economic groups of various forms.

In the process of great changes in today's international economic environment, China has been basically excluded from the world's economic rules and regulations

This is because of its political status in the world in recent years. The speed of economic and trade development is extremely disproportionate to its huge development potential. Therefore, China must join various global and regional economic

trade organizations as soon as possible in principle to make international institutional arrangements more conducive to our country's modernization construction: try to be as soon as possible

One of the members of the World Trade Organization has made a difference, because it is still the most important organization that regulates and improves international economic and trade actions

; we must strive to play a greater role and influence in APEC ; Efforts should be made to participate in and cultivate regional

economic organizations, especially the Chinese economic circle and the East Asia Economic Cooperation Organization with Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao as the main body, because regional

economic cooperation can reduce or resist The negative impacts of economic globalization, such as the Asian financial crisis, are of great significance to China

's political and economic security and sustainable development.

----Strive to improve and enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.

A country’s international competitiveness includes national competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness. National competitiveness is composed of macroeconomics, technological level, internationalization level, government role, human resources and other factors; corporate competitiveness is composed of innovation capabilities, corporate governance structure, It is composed of factors such as the combination of factors and the competitiveness of related industries.

With the acceleration of economic globalization, the formation of a unified global market and the development of science and technology, the economic competition between countries

is ultimately a competition between enterprises in terms of technological innovation capabilities. , The competitiveness of a country depends on the competitiveness of enterprises.

Therefore, improving the international competitiveness of our country's enterprises is the key to improving our country's international competitiveness. To this end,

without protecting backwardness, we should pay attention to protecting national infant industries and improving the independent development capabilities of national industries

and try to implement national treatment for foreign-invested enterprises within the country. principles, reduce or even cancel preferential policies and special treatment for foreign businessmen; at the same time, in the face of increasingly fierce international competition, Chinese enterprises must strive to improve their technology level and economic benefits, on the basis of accelerating the construction of modern enterprise systems and under the premise of market economy regulations

actively forming my country's large enterprise groups or multinational companies to carry out international operations,

>

Participate in international competition and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises.

----Establish an effective financial risk prevention mechanism.

After China implemented reform and opening up, borrowing has been the main form of utilizing foreign capital for a long time.

After the 1990s, foreign direct investment gradually became the main form of utilizing foreign capital and has become Second only to the United States, it is the country that receives the most

international direct investment. By 1996, China's total foreign debt was approximately US$128.8 billion, of which more than 80% was long-term debt. The total debt repayment accounted for only 8.7% of exports of goods and services. According to internationally accepted debt safety indicators, China's external debt scale is reasonable and it has sufficient solvency. However, we

should be prepared for danger in times of peace and take precautions before they occur, because the acceleration of economic globalization has accelerated the free flow of capital, most of which are short-term speculative speculations. Capital often leads to financial crises.

In view of this, when we carry out modernization construction, we should base on the combination of domestic capital and reasonable use of foreign capital. Just like Japan and the Four Tigers when carrying out modernization construction, fixed capital investment Mainly rely on internal accumulation to keep the entire finance in a benign situation of "high savings rate-high investment rate-high economic growth rate-high savings rate" as much as possible; strengthen the government

in Utilize unified management of foreign debt, focusing on the utilization of medium and long-term foreign debt, maintaining an appropriate speed and scale,

preventing the formation of debt disasters and crises; utilizing foreign capital should mainly be direct investment from foreign businessmen, and based on national Economic

The needs of economic development and national economic security should guide the investment direction of foreign capital; in terms of capital flows, avoid over-opening regardless of national conditions

Particular attention should be paid to cautious opening of capital accounts and control of speculative activities. Strong inflows and outflows of short-term capital.

In short, in the era of economic globalization, China's development cannot be separated from the world, and the development of the world also needs China's progress.

As long as China can seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, exploit strengths and avoid weaknesses in the process of participating in globalization, and maintain its independent development

as long as the degree of participation is commensurate with the actual needs, affordability and absorption capacity of its own economic development

>

Characteristics, make full use of the opportunities brought by the development of the new economy, clearly understand and guard against the adverse factors and risks it may bring

Continuously enhance your international competitiveness, then the economic global Not only will modernization not endanger its own

economic security, but it will help improve our country's comprehensive national strength and promote the early realization of the strategic goals of modernization. We must clearly understand and guard against the adverse factors and risks it may bring, and continuously enhance our international competitiveness. Then economic globalization will not endanger our own development.

Economic security will, on the contrary, help improve our country’s comprehensive national strength and promote the early realization of the strategic goals of modernization.