How are doctoral students at Peking University employed?

The destination for PhD graduates: teaching in universities (commonly known as green peppers), scientific research institutes, government, state-owned enterprises, foreign companies, postdocs abroad,

Domestic postdocs are roughly divided into 7 types , the following will take domestic universities as an example to talk in detail about how to position and cultivate a doctorate

1. The first hurdle after two years of work, professional title, bayonet and red battle, overview

Keywords: Fixed posts and fixed staffing, separate evaluation and recruitment

In accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Education, some schools have implemented fixed posts and fixed staffing, and will gradually be extended to all schools. In this regard

In this case, the iron rice bowl of universities has been destroyed. Taking a well-known college of a famous university in Tianjin as an example, professors have been overstaffed. This means that, first, some professors cannot be hired as professors, and secondly, , Unless some professors are overturned or transferred, associate professors will basically not be promoted to professors. Third, a bloody fight between college teachers is about to begin

. . . . . .

Are you ready?

Domestic colleges and universities can be divided into first-class 985 colleges and universities, some 211 colleges and universities, and local colleges and universities. Hereinafter, they are collectively referred to as third-rate colleges and universities, and second-rate colleges and universities are sandwiched between the two.

There are some well-known colleges and universities in the period.

For Qingjiao, except for those who are studying for master's and doctoral degrees, the general age of graduation is around 28. This is a very embarrassing age, and the ending is appropriate

When you get married, you need to buy a house. To buy a house, you need money. Where does the money come from? There are generally three ways to pay for a house: parents

provide it, the school provides part of it, and you provide it yourself

First-class school benefits: housing subsidy of about 0-60,000, and about 0-20,000. Settling-in allowance, a one-year turnover house, no job arrangement for spouse

Salary below 2,000, lecturer's salary, you can apply for associate professor (associate professor or associate researcher) after two years, scientific research starts

The fee is about RMB 20,000, there is a one-year work buffer period, and you will not participate in the job assessment. The assessment after one year will directly determine the number of job allowances.

There are basically no blog posts unless the local government provides them. The level of living comfort is the worst, and it is even possible to make ends meet, with an annual income of 30,000 to 40,000.

Third-rate universities pay: Housing subsidy is around RMB 50,000-200,000. The worse the school, the higher the salary. Some PhD students are directly paid to associate professors

with salary of RMB 1,700-2,500. Around (before tax), the spouse's job is basically not solved, the settling-in allowance is 20,000-50,000, a one-year turnover house

, a buffer period of 1-2 years, and then he will participate in the job evaluation, and there will generally be a doctorate allowance, and some Some places have government doctoral subsidies, such as Fujian. You can apply for associate professor after 2 years. When evaluating professional titles, some schools will recognize articles published during your previous work including doctoral and master's degrees.

Some schools will not recognize it. If you are looking for a job, be sure to ask clearly. A comfortable life, barely enough food and clothing,

Annual income of 40,000-60,000 yuan

Third- and fourth-rate universities: housing subsidy of about 200,000 yuan, arranging for spouse to work, annual income after tax of 6- 80,000, some provide housing

, property rights after n years of service, and generally a doctorate allowance. The scientific research start-up fee may range from RMB 20 to RMB 10. Some can be directly hired into the school as associate senior professors.

Ph.D. The moistness of life is the best.

Development prospects:

First-rate colleges and universities are the hardest, and you may have nothing before becoming famous. Third- and fourth-rate colleges are the most rewarding, but career development is the most limited.

Difficulty of project application

It is easiest for first-class universities and research institutes, and very difficult for schools below third-rate. The project application will be described in detail later, but

Yes For most green peppers, no project = no professional title

2. The test after two years, associate professor = project?

You can apply for associate professorship after two years of doctoral work. Let’s take a look at the requirements of different institutions

First-class universities and research institutes: Host and complete 1-2 national-level projects (National Natural Science Foundation, 973, 863), SCI has several influential articles.

Due to this restriction, it is simply a dream for domestic graduates Qingjiao to successfully obtain the deputy senior position in 2 years after working.

Third-rate universities: Host and complete 1 department-level project (such as education Department project) or participate as a main participant (top three)

Complete one project at the provincial or ministerial level (local provincial fund committee, science and technology committee or national Ministry of Education, Ministry of Personnel, etc.) or complete a horizontal project

Achieve a certain amount of funds for the project. For example, my school requires more than 100,000 yuan to be allocated horizontally at once. SCI/EI index

At least one paper and one other important article. Note that the requirement is to complete the final project. Some papers require that the paper be signed by your employer, while some do not require it, that is, you can submit it while you are studying for a Ph.D. Due to project restrictions, all projects are required to be completed. Therefore, if you want to get the deputy high position after working for two years, the fastest way is to get a large horizontal forehead. Then discuss with the company to quickly resolve the matter. A vertical project will take at least 3 years to complete.

Third-rate and fourth-rate universities: Participate in and complete projects at department level or above, a few articles are enough

For female doctors, you can consider third-rate and fourth-rate universities, because of work pressure Small, it is conducive to family stability, and the income is very good

Yes

For those who are interested in achieving a doctorate, the following issues need to be carefully considered

The most important things that affect the future of Qingjiao are two things, projects and articles. Articles vary from industry to industry, so it’s hard to tell clearly.

Project, this is the biggest mountain on the head of every young university teacher. Without a project, nothing will be achieved. The project will be commented in detail below

For Qingjiao, without the help of a mentor or considerable accumulation of contacts, horizontal projects (enterprise projects) are basically hopeless

Yes, companies are very cunning now. They generally require you to have results that can be converted into production before they will give you money.

Unlike before, early exploration will not be supported.

Vertical projects: 973,963, National Natural Science (Social Science) Fund, Ministry of Education Doctoral Program New Teacher Fund, Local Provincial and Municipal Natural Science Fund, Education Department Fund, China Medical Administration Fund, etc.

973,863 Whoever gets the project writes the project application guide. Generally, Green Pepper does not need to be considered. Local provincial and ministerial level Natural Science Foundation and Department of Education projects are subject to limited application. That is to say, it stipulates how many items each school can declare. Taking my school as an example, about 30 items are allowed to be declared each year, and the final approval ranges from 3 to 6 items. Due to the limited items, many people's notebooks can't even be taken out of school. Therefore, there are only two directions for Qingjiao’s efforts, the National Natural Science Foundation and the Doctoral Program New Teacher Fund.

You are free to apply for these two. But if you are like me and your department does not have a doctoral program, then Only the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

3. National Natural Science Foundation of China, a Huashan road leading to professional titles? Who is your Bole?

It is known as the fairest fund in China. Whether you can apply for it or not depends entirely on your personal ability. After 2008, the National Foundation separated the Youth Science Fund

from the general projects and listed it as a talent fund. The overall hit rate is about 25, and each discipline is different. Among them

Biomedicine is a dead group, Earth and Mathematics are better. In my opinion, the Guoji Fund is the easiest fund to obtain, and its difficulty level is lower than the provincial and ministerial funds and the Education Department Fund. I have never applied for the New Teacher Fund of the Ministry of Education, so I don’t know how difficult it is.

Application requirements: Under 35 years old for a doctoral degree, a letter of recommendation from a supervisor is required for a working doctorate

What the National Fund examines: Innovation points, ranking first, followed by research foundation, research team composition, etc. .

Evaluation method: more than 3 anonymous expert reviewers (referred to as letter review). There are three types of reviewers’ opinions: priority for funding, funding

funding, and no funding.

Based on the opinions of the three reviewers, decide whether your book should be submitted to the subject group for review (referred to as review, which requires at least one priority for funding). If the review passes, you will receive national funds. The rate of attendance is said to be This year's Qingji is 1

30, which means the number of people who still need to be eliminated to reach 30 during the meeting.

National Fund and Doctoral Work

Innovation, the soul of the National Fund, if you completely rely on the teacher during the doctorate, it will be very difficult for the teacher to tell you what to do.

Sorry, if you can't come up with an idea that the reviewers can appreciate, then your PhD is a failure.

There are generally three sources of ideas for applying to Qingji: the continuation of the doctoral thesis, the new direction of the work unit, and a combination of the above two

Why should we start from these three aspects? Simple, national foundation requirements, innovative work foundation, although the National Foundation Committee has always emphasized that for youth fund applicants, the requirements for work foundation can be relaxed. However, this is useless,

Because many people have a job background, and if you apply without a job background, you are simply asking for death. What is the basis of work is the closeness of your articles and projects to the topic you are applying for, whether the conditions of your current unit can meet your requirements to complete the project, and your Whether the combination of research team members is reasonable.

Therefore, the easiest thing for Qingjiao to start with is the continuation of the doctoral thesis or the combination of the new direction of the work unit with the previous doctoral course

topics, so that all articles can be used superior. The better the article, the greater the hope.

4. The order-based training of PhDs - focusing on scientific research, innovation and articles, the starting point of the death race

My warning: wasting 3 years of a PhD is equivalent to wasting your future

Current status: China ranks first in the world in terms of Ph.D. output. Taking my school as an example, in 2006, two people from our college applied for associate professorships.

In 2007, there were 13 people and in 2008, Year, 24 people, the whole school has nearly 100 teachers, and about 60 PhDs have been introduced in the past three years

Project status: The provincial natural fund is limited to about 30 projects every year, and the education department projects are limited to about 25 projects. Every year

approximately 100 new PhDs are introduced

How to apply for national funds?

Innovation, you must have a world-class understanding of this field during your Ph.D., and you must have a clear understanding of each shortcoming and the development direction

Read 100 English articles ? Please, this is just the beginning. And, look, it doesn’t mean you understand. You need to understand

why each article does what it does, what are the shortcomings, and what are the advantages. If you can fully understand the background of 100 articles

, you are considered a qualified doctor. Remember, being qualified does not mean being excellent.

The highest principle of the national fund

Selecting the best from the best is the so-called icing on the cake. The national fund is not a poverty alleviation project and will never provide help in times of need

What does it look like in my eyes? If your doctorate is excellent, can you apply to the National Foundation as soon as you graduate?

More than 3 SCI articles, the bigger the impact factor, the better. The more awesome the PhD boss is, the better. It is best to be one who can be a review judge. The newer the innovation, the better.

The newer the point, the better. Fundamental questions in a certain field. Therefore, as I said in my last post, read a lot of literature, be fluent in English reading and writing, and work diligently, then your future road will be much smoother. Every day

Ph.D.s who chat online as soon as they arrive in the lab and have no idea what they are doing all day long will be eliminated when they enter college. Of course, there are exceptions. For example, if you find a big tree to lean on, I'm not talking about that.

Several principles for the National Foundation’s evaluation: 1. A project that someone strongly supports at the meeting will definitely be funded, even if all the members of the subject group do not vote more than half, and this Supporters must sign to express their support, which is the so-called non-*** awareness project. 2. Projects that some people

resolutely oppose will basically not pass.

Therefore, a supervisor is very important when you are a PhD student. If your review expert knows your supervisor (it is unlikely that he knows you),

If your supervisor supports you during the review, , these are resources that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the more awesome the tutor, the better, and the bigger the article IF

the better. How to handle the relationship with your mentor, please see my first post. In this death race, if you lose

the support of your mentor, then you will be alone

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Summary

The level of thesis during the doctoral period and the level of participation in the project = work foundation

The independent ability during the doctoral period, understanding of the field, and the understanding of the field = innovation ability

Basic work innovation ability, some luck = national fund

National fund = funding for the research group, your career development

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Polarization of Ph.D. employment

Mention Ph.D. In the past two years, students and employment have given a clear impression that their situation has deteriorated significantly. They are generally labeled as having “salary shrinkage” and “cannot find a job.”

Five years ago, companies often provided cars and houses when recruiting PhDs, but now, this kind of special treatment has been reduced a lot, and even the advantages of returned PhDs are no longer reflected. That's because there were relatively few PhDs in the past, and government agencies, enterprises and institutions worshiped academic qualifications. Nowadays, there are more and more Ph.D.s, there are not so many enterprises and institutions to absorb Ph.D.s, and universities in various places are basically saturated with teachers.

In today’s talent market, finding a job for a PhD candidate is basically difficult. This "difficulty" is reflected in two aspects: first, there are few positions for Ph.D.s, and don't think that you are highly competitive because you are a Ph.D. In fact, all your opponents are Ph.D.s, and PK is more intense; second, there are positions, salaries, and benefits. The gap between expectations and actual benefits is too big. For example, the psychological expectation of an undergraduate is 2,000 yuan, and the company gives 1,500 yuan, which is a difference of 500 yuan. However, the psychological expectation of a doctor is generally 7,000 to 8,000 yuan, and the company only offers 3,000 to 4,000 yuan. I am suddenly confused. How can I find a job? ?

The "China Talent Development Report (2009)" published by Social Science Literature Press shows that the current average monthly income of doctoral graduates in my country is 4,814 yuan. Among them, the salaries provided to doctoral students by different types of units are very different. Doctors working in companies have the highest average monthly income of 7,184 yuan; followed by doctors working in scientific research institutions, 4,709 yuan; and third, those working in government or other institutions. Those with a doctorate degree in employment earn 4,272 yuan; the lowest salary is in colleges and universities, with a salary of 3,932 yuan.

As the era of "academic qualifications only" gradually fades away, graduate students, the original "emperor's daughters", suddenly become "a group walking in an embarrassing zone". So if you are preparing to take the Ph.D. examination in the past two years, please think about the following questions: 1. What is the purpose of studying for a Ph.D.? 2. What major do you want to study? 3. What is the employment situation of this major? 4. What are your job expectations after graduation?

After interviewing many postdocs, Xiao Shao found that the reason why they took the Ph.D. exam was firstly because they had illusions about the school. I feel that the Chinese Academy of Sciences at Tsinghua University and Peking University is the temple of science. If I can reach the pinnacle of scientific research, I will naturally have a bright future. Secondly, I have too high expectations for my mentor. Some people don't know the tutor they applied for, and they just think that if the tutor is famous, they won't worry about getting a job. Such ideas are one-sided and can easily lead to employment misunderstandings.

At present, the employment of PhD students is polarized.

A high-level Ph.D., graduated from a first-rate school, with corresponding research directions and topics, and overseas study experience, will still have a high income; but a low-level Ph.D., graduated from a second- or third-rate school, only has an armchair thesis and a piece of paper. degree certificate, then your income may not be satisfactory and your life will be very difficult. Therefore, those who want to change their destiny by studying for a Ph.D. must be cautious.

Colleges and universities are no longer a safe haven for employment

Looking at the types of employment units for PhDs, universities and scientific research institutions are the main destinations, accounting for 68% of the total; not many PhDs actually enter government agencies , the ratio is less than 3; PhDs who enter enterprises mainly enter large state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded joint ventures, and the ratios are 7 and 10 respectively.

Let’s first talk about the recruitment situation of domestic universities. In recent years, the establishment of many universities has reached saturation. Most universities have very few admissions. Generally, larger departments only have four or five people per year. Moreover, the more well-known universities have higher thresholds. They generally require overseas Ph.D. students and have little interest in "homeless" ones. At the same time, even if there are recruitment quotas, it is difficult for you to grasp them. Many professional disciplines in colleges and universities are accustomed to retaining their own students. You graduated from Peking University. The threshold of Peking University is too high and you can’t get into it. You can definitely get into Beijing Normal University and Beihang University, right? This idea is actually wrong, and there may be no way.

There are many factors that colleges and universities examine candidates for when recruiting: major, graduation school, thesis, personal relationship, research direction, etc. Because colleges and universities recruit few people and the decision is made by people, the subjectivity is very high and the chance is very high. In addition, domestic famous universities are basically reluctant to recruit freshly graduated Ph.D.s, and are relatively willing to recruit talents who have already obtained teaching positions abroad and can attract research funds upon their return. This is conducive to the rapid development of universities in certain research fields. At the same time, universities often do not favor female Ph.D.s so much, so women should be more cautious when choosing to study for a Ph.D.

In addition, when taking the Ph.D. examination, you must not only consider the current situation, but also consider the tighter employment quotas in the future. For universities that have no quota and want to recruit people to work, the commonly proposed recruitment plans are: First, recruit through postdoctoral methods. Some universities stipulate that if you want to enter the university, you must be a postdoctoral fellow, such as Zhejiang University, Shandong University, etc. Now and even in the future, it is the general trend to enter colleges and universities only after being a postdoctoral fellow; the second is to implement personnel agency. Put your profile on the job market and create employment relationships with third-party agencies and universities.

Beware of the “show-stopping” recruiting trap

Let’s talk about companies’ attitudes towards recruiting PhDs.

In the corporate world, the difficulty of finding employment for PhDs in different majors varies greatly. Generally speaking, there are not many companies that like to recruit Ph.D.s. Many companies think that the topics done by Ph.D.s are flashy and far from reality, while the salary requirements are high, and they often have high ambitions and low ambitions.

In addition, research positions in a company are most affected by the economic situation. Companies generally reduce research funding when the financial situation is not good, which means that when the economic situation is not good, research positions will not be available. Hire people or hire very few people. Many majors, especially basic subjects, have almost no jobs in the corporate world. Even in high-tech companies, such as ZTE, Huawei, Tencent and other companies, recruitment is mainly based on undergraduates. The reason is very simple. High-tech application development is not basic theoretical research. What is needed is personnel with a certain knowledge base to constantly learn and come into contact with new things. A large amount of work has a certain knowledge content but does not involve too deep basic theories. Most of the doctoral students who come out of the current training system are those who study theory behind closed doors.

So what kind of companies will recruit PhDs? There are nothing more than two categories: one is for the purpose of "showing up". In some small and medium-sized psychological counseling, health and wellness, medical or educational institutions, many will advertise for PhDs. Recruited PhDs often play "leading roles" in the company's external activities or publicity. Their external business cards have the word "Doctor" printed on them, which seems to show off the company's professionalism in this field. Entering this type of company, the value of a doctorate will be greatly weakened, the salary will not be very high, and there will be no possibility of promotion and development. When applying for a PhD job, you must be careful to avoid stepping into the "traps" of such companies.

The other type is large research-oriented enterprises, which are real recruitments. In these enterprises, PhDs can give full play to their research talents. There are a few technologically advanced companies in China that need to rely on cutting-edge technological research to support their long-term success. These companies are often willing to pay very high remunerations, but their requirements for PhDs are also very high. If you are not a returnee or a PhD from a prestigious university, you will not have an interview opportunity. Most of these companies are foreign companies, but they only account for a small part of the overall number of foreign companies. They are mostly in the pharmaceutical, chemical, high-tech, communications, search websites, fast-moving consumer goods and other industries. Therefore, before studying for a Ph.D., you must find out about the major you choose, which companies will pay attention to Ph.D. recruitment, and the approximate number of recruits each year.

There is one last way out for getting a doctor’s degree - starting a business. For most inexperienced college graduates, the success rate of entrepreneurship is low, but the success rate of PhDs is high. Because PhDs can consider turning their scientific research projects into products, and when they meet mentors with rich corporate resources, they can also rely on the mentor's power to help them successfully start a business.