Which expert can write an article introducing the British education system in English?

I have it in Chinese: I found it on the BBC Chinese website:

Funding sources and regulations

Department for Education and Skills < /p>

The education policy in England is formulated by the British Secretary of Education. The responsibilities of the British Department of Education and Skills are as follows: Provide national education services, train teachers, maintain teaching standards, supervise syllabus and school examinations

In addition, the British Department of Education and Skills also needs to supervise the reform of England’s education system and funding structure Work.

Local Education Authorities

Each local council in the UK has its own local education authorities, which are responsible for managing and allocating school funds. However, since the British government prefers to let schools directly control education funding, local education management agencies play more of a strategic decision-maker rather than a specific operator in school management.

The responsibilities of local education management agencies can be divided into five parts: strategic management, including fund allocation, internal auditing, and paying for expenses such as production holidays; Providing funds through programs such as the Opportunities Fund, a sports fund that supports new developments in specialized sports or music; Allocating funds to meet the learning needs of students with special educational needs; Lack of funds in schools Help schools maintain and update infrastructure when necessary; develop a local education system framework for students to attend school. Such work includes covering application and appeal costs, providing counseling services to parents of students who have been refused admission to a school, student transport services, providing education welfare services, and reviewing free school meal entitlements.

School education funds

Local education management agencies generally have two budgets, namely the school budget and the local education management agency budget.

School budgets mainly include the expenses required for student learning, while LEA budgets are closely linked to the responsibilities and functions of local education management agencies. The budgets of local education authorities include programs for adult education and training.

When a school uses up its school budget, the local education authority allocates additional funds to the school. The school board will have the authority to decide how to spend the additional funds.

In fact, although local education management agencies have the ability to provide schools with services including catering, security, cleaning, and information technology, schools have the right to choose other suppliers with more favorable prices and better services. .

School Governing Body

All public schools have their own governing boards. The committee is composed of the principal, classroom teachers, parent representatives, representatives appointed by the local education board and members of the local community. The main scope of responsibilities of the committee include: Teaching management School discipline Personnel changes School building maintenance Enrollment management

In fact, the specific matters of school management are still solely responsible for the principals of each school. The functions of the school management committee are more focused on formulating macro development strategies, implementing the improvement suggestions put forward in the supervision report, and reporting the progress of various tasks to parents in a timely manner.

Sources of funding for schools in poor areas

The so-called "Education Action Zones" refer to schools located in relatively backward areas of the UK. These schools work with local education management agencies, parents, business groups and other community organizations to improve their teaching standards. In addition, Education Action regional organizations will receive an annual grant of ￡500,000 for five consecutive years.

School Assessment

The Independent Office for Standards in Education

The Office for Standards in Education (often referred to as Ofsted) is a school oversight official A regulatory agency formed by the Ministry of Education, independent of the government. Its main function is to conduct regular reviews of the quality of education in all state schools and to summarize the results achieved by the schools.

Ofsted's responsibilities also include the review and supervision of adult education services, local authority children's services, teacher training institutions and some independent schools. Since 2001, Ofsted has also been responsible for the regulation and management of education and infant care for all young people aged 16 to 19.

Ranking table

Based on the performance of each school in the Advanced Secondary Level Examination (A-level), Secondary School Associate Level Examination (AS-level) and General Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (GCSE) Every year, the British government publishes a ranking list of schools in England to introduce the teaching and operating status of each school to the public.

Student Assessment

Curriculum and Examination

All state schools in England must follow the British Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA). Taught under a national unified syllabus. The purpose of this syllabus is to ensure school teaching standards and improve teaching quality.

The British national syllabus also requires students to take "key stage" examinations at specific stages of learning.

Key Stages

After the introduction of the British Education Reform Act in 1988, the national syllabus formulated four key stages of learning:

Key Stage 1 (Key Stage 1): 5 to 7 years old

Key Stage 2 (Key Stage 2): 7 to 11 years old

Key Stage 3 (Key Stage 3): 11 to 14 years old

Key Stage 4: 14 to 16 years old

State school categories

School categories in England are based on who employs teachers and manages admissions , and divided by who owns the school building and land.

Four types of mainstream schools Community schools: Community schools were formerly county schools. The Local Education Authority (LEA) owns the land and buildings of such schools and has the power to decide on the school's personnel appointments and admission requirements. Foundation schools: Many of these schools were formerly Grant maintained schools. The school board is responsible for recruiting teachers and enrolling students, while the school building and campus belong to the school board or a charitable organization. Voluntary Aided: These schools are mostly missionary schools. Typically, the school board of such a school is responsible for recruiting teachers and enrolling students, while the school building and campus are owned by charitable organizations. Voluntary Controlled schools: These are usually missionary schools. School buildings and campuses are owned by charities, but recruitment of staff and enrollment of students is the responsibility of local education authorities.

Pre-school education (Pre-school education)

British children aged 2 to 5 can receive preschool education. The Sure Start Scheme implemented by the British government provides free kindergarten education to all 4-year-olds and some 3-year-olds. The British government is also working with local education agencies to create a better early childhood education, child care and family health system.

Primary Education

British children must begin primary education after they reach the age of 5. British primary education is divided into two stages: junior (5-7 years old) and senior (7-11 years old). The management and operation of most primary schools is carried out by the school management committee in accordance with the provisions of the Local Management of Schools Scheme.

Secondary Education

British teenagers need to receive compulsory secondary education until the age of 16. In addition to the four mainstream secondary schools, community schools, foundation schools, subsidized private schools and regulated subsidized schools, the UK also has many specialty schools.

Specialist school

Any well-functioning secondary school in England can become a specialist school in technology, language, sport, art or a certain professional field. Such schools can focus on developing a particular area while adhering to the national syllabus.

The British ruling Labor government hopes that all secondary schools will be developed into specialized schools by 2008, specializing in a specific project. In addition, the government actively encourages existing technical schools to develop second special fields.

In short, the concept of specialized education is to gradually improve the overall teaching standards through the development of specialized teaching. Regardless of whether you choose liberal arts or science, it will not affect the development of other subjects.

Academies

The predecessors of academies were mostly schools with weak teaching capabilities and poor performance. Academies are publicly funded schools and are more independent than ordinary secondary schools.

Most institutions are jointly established by business, religious or charitable groups and local communities. Therefore, institutions can flexibly adjust their teaching syllabus and teaching teachers according to the actual needs of the region.

The original intention of establishing the school was to invest large sums of money to transform schools in poor areas. The funds required to establish the college will first be funded by private groups with 2 million pounds, and then the government will bear 20 million pounds.

The British government hopes to open 200 such colleges by 2010.

Grammar Schools

In some areas of England, while opening ordinary secondary schools, some grammar schools are still maintained. Students in these areas are required to take the 11-plus exam when they reach the age of 11, and the results of the exam will determine whether the students are eligible to attend grammar schools.

Currently, there are about 150 grammar schools in England. Grammar schools are controversial in British education circles because they screen students based on ability, but the government still tolerates grammar schools' practices.

City technology colleges

This type of school is a vocational and technical training school directly funded by the government. The diploma issued by the school is equivalent to the Advanced Secondary School Level Examination (A-level) qualification. Although classes are also taught in accordance with the national syllabus, the school's teaching focuses more on natural sciences, mathematics and technical training.

Faith Schools

Faith schools are educational institutions with religious overtones. The construction of such schools must be approved by the parents of the students, as well as the approval of the local community and education management agencies. Nearly half of mission schools are regulated subsidy schools, but the development of school syllabuses also requires the consent of local residents and educational institutions.

Subsidized private schools have the right to formulate independent admission policies and religious education courses based on their own religious beliefs. Parochial schools usually admit students of the same faith as the school, but sometimes other students are admitted.

Special Needs (Special Needs)

In the UK, on ??average, 1 in 5 children requires some degree of special education. The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act, introduced by the British government in 2001, stipulates that children with physical or behavioral disabilities have the right to receive education together with normal children. To this end, the UK has closed schools specially designed for children with disabilities, but has retained and opened 1,200 schools providing special educational needs. These schools are run by charities or hospitals.

Pupil Referral Units

Pupil Referral Units are first-class special schools created and operated by local education management agencies. This type of school provides educational services specifically for students who are unable to receive normal education due to special circumstances such as dropout and early pregnancy to help students return to school. The student reception office has a special management committee, whose members are composed of school leaders and staff from the social services department.

Other types of schools

Independent schools

The biggest difference between independent schools and national schools is the tuition fees charged.

Although independent schools are not affiliated with the national school system, people are accustomed to referring to them as "public schools" or "private schools".

The financial resources of independent schools do not rely on government finance, but rely on special trust funds. Therefore, independent schools do not have to teach according to the syllabus set by the state, but most independent schools take relevant examinations required by the state.

Primary education provided by independent schools is generally divided into two stages. The first stage is called the "pre-prepatory stage" and is mainly for school-age children aged 2 to 7 years old. The second stage is called the "prepatory stage" or the "junior stage". The main learning purpose of the pre-school preparatory stage is to help students prepare for the entrance exams for independent schools.

Waldorf Steiner Schools (Rudolf Steiner Schools)

Steiner schools are known for their outstanding management concepts, teaching content and teaching methods. While focusing on learning, the school also emphasizes the all-round development of students "morally, intellectually and physically".

Compared with other schools, Steiner School students officially start school teaching at a relatively late age. The school focuses more on cultivating students' creativity and artistic talents in the early years. Most of these schools do not have a principal, but manage the school through cooperation.

Foreign Language school (Lycees)

England also has foreign language schools specifically designed to train the descendants of diplomats. The French Lycee is one of the foreign language schools that specializes in teaching French and English.

Montessori Schools

Montessori schools were founded according to the educational philosophy of Maria Montessori, a famous Italian child educator. Montessori believes that a good teaching environment can encourage students to achieve unexpected results.

In the classrooms of Montessori schools, children are not only free to choose their favorite activities, but they can also use their spare time to explore unknown areas. Once students get used to making their own decisions, they will naturally find learning methods that suit them

The above only applies to England. To know more, please go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/china/studyintheuk/index.shtml