What are the main components of ceramic pigments? Is inhalation harmful to health?

It must be harmful, even ordinary dust, not to mention pigment. The color of porcelain is closely related to the mineral composition contained in the tire or glaze, and the same mineral composition can also be changed into different colors due to its content. Pottery is usually fired with clay containing iron oxide. Due to the different firing temperature and oxidation degree, the colors are yellow, reddish brown, brown and gray. Adding other mineral components to clay can also be fired into other colors, but rarely. Porcelain, however, has always been rich in patterns and various types, which are briefly introduced as follows: (l) Celadon: porcelain with cyan high-temperature glaze. The main coloring substance in celadon glaze is iron oxide, the content of which is about 2%. Glaze will show different shades and tones because of the different iron oxide content, glaze thickness and iron oxide reduction degree. If the iron oxide in the glaze is reduced to ferrous oxide, the glaze will be blue, otherwise it will be yellow, which is related to the firing atmosphere. Sintering atmosphere refers to the flame properties when firing ceramics, which can be divided into three types: oxidation flame, reducing flame flame and neutral flame. Oxidation flame refers to the flame in which fuel is fully combusted to produce carbon dioxide; Reducing flame refers to the combustion of fuel in the process of hypoxia, which produces a large number of flames such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbide; Neutral flame is in between. Fired with oxidation flame, the glaze color is yellow; Burning with a reducing flame will turn blue. Celadon is often decorated with open pieces. The so-called opening is due to the different expansion coefficients of tire and glaze, which leads to cracks in the glaze layer of porcelain. The surface of the Ge kiln handed down from ancient times is a combination of large and small pieces, small yellow and large black, so it is called gold wire. The official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty had better be cut, with thin tires (gray and black) and rich glaze layers (pink, yellow, blue and gray). ). The mouth edge of the utensil is slightly exposed due to the glaze depression, and the bottom foot of the utensil is exposed due to the cake pad, which is called purple mouth iron foot, which is expensive. Yue Kiln is famous for producing celadon. His works show a special color after rain, and the texture is like ice and jade. Later, it spread abroad and became the representative work of China porcelain. (2) Black porcelain: black high-temperature glazed porcelain. The content of iron oxide in glaze is above 5%. Primitive black porcelain appeared in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the black porcelain fired in Shangyu kiln in the Eastern Han Dynasty had a uniform glaze surface with several glaze colors, such as black and dark brown, until a large number of black glaze varieties appeared in Song Dynasty. Among them, the rabbit hair pattern, oil drop pattern and obsidian tea bowls fired in the kiln are fired in reducing flame, because of the high iron content in the glaze, the heat preservation time in the kiln is long, and a large number of iron oxide crystals are precipitated in the glaze. The finished product presents colorful special patterns, and each one is unique and a rare and precious tea set. (3) White porcelain: white porcelain with transparent or opaque high-temperature glaze. In the long-term practice, potters have further mastered the law of porcelain discoloration, so on the basis of firing celadon, the content of iron oxide in glaze is reduced and fired with oxidation flame. The glaze color is generally white yellow or green, and the glaze color in reducing flame is blue, which is called blue-and-white porcelain and shadow blue. In the Tang dynasty, the production of white porcelain was very developed and superb. Xing kiln in the north was first popularized. The white porcelain burned is as white as snow. It was once as famous as the southern Yue kiln for producing celadon, and is known as "the south is blue and the north is white". (4) Colored glazed porcelain: a general term for all kinds of single-color high-temperature glazed porcelain. The main colorants are iron oxide, copper oxide, oxidation drill and so on. There are blue glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze and yellow glaze with iron oxide as colorant. There are begonia red glaze, rose purple glaze, bright red glaze, stone red glaze, red glaze and cowpea red glaze, all of which are fired in reducing flame with copper oxide as colorant. If fired with an oxidation flame, the glaze will be green. Porcelain with cobalt oxide as colorant shows different shades of blue after firing. In addition, yellow-green, iron-containing crystalline glaze color also belong to Yan-colored glazed porcelain, commonly known as tea powder. (5) Colored porcelain: the general term for underglaze and overglaze colored porcelain. Under-glaze porcelain is made by decorating the blank with pigment, then coating it with cyan, yellow or colorless transparent glaze and firing it at high temperature. Overglaze porcelain is made by drawing patterns with various pigments on the fired porcelain and then baking at low temperature. (6) Blue and white: one of the underglaze varieties, also known as white glazed blue and white. Draw a pattern on the white body with a pigment containing cobalt oxide, apply transparent glaze on the outside, and then sinter at high temperature. When firing, the blue-white color is darker when using oxidation flame, and brighter when using reducing flame. (7) underglaze red: one of the underglaze color varieties. Porcelain blank is made by drawing patterns with pigments containing copper oxide, then coating transparent glaze and firing at high temperature in reducing flame. (8) Doucai: all kinds of underglaze blue and white combined with underglaze color, also known as teasing color. Firstly, the pattern image of the wheel corridor is sketched on the porcelain blank with blue and white pigments, then it is fired with transparent glaze at high temperature, filled with red, yellow, green and purple, and fired at low temperature. In addition to coloring, there are several kinds of coloring, coloring and dyeing. (9) Multicolor: one of the varieties of glaze color, also known as hard color. It is made of red, green, yellow and purple pigments on the fired white porcelain and baked at low temperature. (10) famille rose: one of the glaze varieties, also known as soft color. It is made by using glass white containing arsenic oxide as the base material on the fired plain porcelain, then coloring it with various colors and firing it at low temperature. (1 1) enamel color: one of the varieties of glaze color, also known as porcelain tire painting enamel, that is, painting with enamel on fired white porcelain. The main components of enamel are borate and silicate, mixed with different metal oxides. After low-humidity baking, it will appear in various colors, mostly with yellow, green, red, blue and purple as the background, and then painted with flowers and birds, mountains and rivers, bamboo stones and other patterns. The decoration has a prominent feeling.