College students start their own businesses after graduation.

College students start their own businesses after graduation.

College students start their own businesses after graduation (1)

Expert: College graduates should be cautious when starting a business.

At the east gate of the first canteen in the north campus of China Communication University, you can see the cover patterns of countless books from a row of large floor-to-ceiling windows. This is a bookstore run by Li Ning, a graduate of China Communication University in 2005. Li Ning said that according to the market demand, he wanted to supplement some professional books.

On June 26th, 2005, 10, the restaurant "1980s" was founded by 8 fresh graduates from the College of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University. At the beginning of 2005, eight people, including Zhao, who had not graduated, came up with the idea of jointly investing in the school cafeteria. To this end, he also resigned from his job with a monthly salary of 6,000 yuan and devoted himself to it. On the opening night, the "1980s" scene was deserted. During the trial operation, we basically lost about 2000 yuan every day.

Our reporter He Chenghua.

During the annual period when college students leave school, more and more college students choose to start their own businesses because of the increasing employment pressure. Among these self-employed college students, there are winners and many losers. The reporter learned in the interview that due to the lack of experience and funds, college students should be more cautious in starting a business.

Journalist investigation

Entrepreneurship stems from employment pressure.

Recently, the reporter made a survey on the self-employment of college students in several universities in Qingdao.

Among the 50 fresh graduates surveyed, 27 expressed their intention to start their own businesses, and two of them are actively planning to start their own businesses after graduation. In this survey, 20 students think that "capital is the biggest difficulty for college students to start a business"; 15 students believe that the biggest difficulty is "lack of necessary and sufficient social relations, unable to carry out work"; Five students think that the most difficult thing is "I have to continue my studies, and I don't have enough time and energy to start a business at this time."

Most of the college students interviewed said that they basically had no entrepreneurial experience. In addition to being tutors, they only engaged in simple social practices such as distributing advertising leaflets, selling products and sending questionnaires during their college years. Among the students who are interested in starting a business, 12 said they would "borrow money from the bank", 6 said they would "borrow money from their parents and relatives", 5 said they would "raise funds to buy shares" and 4 said they would obtain funds through other channels. In the choice of entrepreneurial mode, five students chose to go it alone and set up their own independent company. 16 students considered starting a business in partnership with classmates or friends, and six students said they would recruit talented people to start a business with the society. In the choice of investment fields, five students chose IT industry, six students chose public service industry or residential service industry, and few students chose transportation, post and telecommunications, culture and education, radio and television and other industries.

In the survey, most students indicated that they planned to start a business because it was difficult to find a suitable job in the workplace because of the increasing employment pressure. Some students said that due to the increasing number of college graduates waiting for jobs year by year, the original job benefits are getting lower and lower, which is far from their original career plan. They are not satisfied with the existing professional wages and benefits, and they are more concerned about improving their income level by starting their own businesses. CoCo Lee, who graduated from the Department of Environmental Science of Qingdao University in 2005, said, "I feel very free to start my own business. If I have my own company, I don't have to be bound by various rules and regulations every day, and I can have more time to control it. " Xiao Song, from the Fisheries College of China Ocean University, said that he chose to start a business because his major is more operable. He said: "My major is very close to aquaculture, and I systematically studied the breeding of aquatic economic animals during my school days. If I run a farm myself, I can not only earn income, but also continue my own scientific research. "

Failure case

Partnership is not easy.

After less than 1 year, Xiao Zhang, a graduate of 2005, finally closed down. At present, Xiao Zhang still owes 1 10,000 yuan, which is at a low point in his life. Xiao Zhang's shop is very small, with only three investors and little competitive pressure, so why did his shop close down? Let's review the development of Xiao Zhang's educational software store.

In May 2005, Xiao Zhang, who planned to start his own business on the eve of graduation, visited markets in Beijing and Shanghai successively. After a trip, he found that educational software has a lot of room for development in Qingdao, with little investment and simple operation. After simple planning, Xiao Zhang and his classmate Xiao Liu (later partner) got 50,000 yuan from relatives and 20,000 yuan from Xiao Liu.

In July, 2005, newly graduated Xiao Zhang and Xiao Liu rented a 30-square-meter storefront in a prosperous part of the island city, and the educational software store could not wait to open. After the opening, Xiao Zhang's relatives, who are the main investors, started as the treasurer in the store, and he usually controls all expenses. Xiao Zhang and Xiao Liu are managers, deputy managers and salesmen respectively. When the store first opened, because there were very few shops operating educational software at that time, it was once profitable. In Xiao Zhang's own words, "At that time, we really tasted the joy of starting a business."

Three months later, Xiao Zhang and Xiao Liu felt that the store was on the right track and slowly became lazy, and the income in the store began to decline. Investors who control the lifeblood of funds will withdraw their funds when they see the downward trend of business, and the income is often not recorded. After a while, Xiao Liu was dissatisfied with Xiao Zhang's relatives and finally decided to quit the store. Xiao Liu's withdrawal made Xiao Zhang's relatives think that the shop could not last, and then they also took back their 50 thousand yuan and left. This educational software store eventually became an empty shell in name only. In the case of two "major shareholders" withdrawing their capital one after another, Xiao Zhang had to declare bankruptcy after struggling alone for several months. Xiao Zhang said with emotion: "The reason for closing the store is that the partners don't cooperate and the partnership business is difficult!"

successful case

Entrepreneurship requires a long-term vision.

Miss Liu, who graduated from the Department of International Trade of a university in Qingdao in 2005, is now the chairman of a foreign trade enterprise. She told reporters about her entrepreneurial journey.

On the eve of graduation in early 2005, Miss Liu, like other students, was looking forward to finding a job with stable income and relative leisure. But contrary to expectations, after several efforts, Miss Liu never found a suitable job. The experience of job hunting still rankles her. Miss Liu said: "In May 2005, I applied for a job in a foreign trade company on Rehe Road. After nearly two hours of written examination, the company interviewed us. I thought the answer was quite good during the interview. But when I walked out of the office, I heard the interviewer say that I didn't want to admit me because I was fat. " That interview was a great stimulus to Miss Liu. From then on, she decided to start her own business as a boss and prove her ability.

In July 2005, Miss Liu went back to her hometown to do business with her business father. In the following six months, Miss Liu changed from an apprentice to an independent businessman. A year later, nearly half of her father's business was taken care of by her, but Miss Liu was not satisfied with living in her father's shadow. She said: "When I graduated, I left Qingdao reluctantly. Since then, I have always insisted on returning to Qingdao on my own. I have always felt that Qingdao, where I have studied and lived for four years, is the best place for my development. " After a year's practice, Miss Liu has accumulated quite rich experience, and found the "first bucket of gold" in the business process with her father according to the "contract" she signed with her father at the beginning. In September 2005, Miss Liu graduated from university 1 year and two months, and returned to Qingdao, where she registered her own foreign trade company. Soon, the joining of her boyfriend further strengthened the strength of the company. Since then, Miss Liu has been working with her boyfriend, who is in charge of daily management in Qingdao company headquarters. In the interview, when the reporter asked Miss Liu how much profit she had achieved in the past two years, she just smiled all the time. However, the 6.5438+0.2 million yuan house it bought in the prime location of the island city is enough for people to see the leopard.

Talking about her own entrepreneurial experience, Miss Liu does not shy away. She said that choosing the right business project is the first difficulty. Due to their lack of work experience and ignorance of the market situation, college students often fail to start their own businesses because they choose inappropriate projects. Based on her own experience, she suggested that college students should choose the industry they are interested in and have a certain understanding of. "Only after you are interested in an industry, can you study it deeply and play your greatest potential in this industry."

With the development direction, entrepreneurship is only a basic step, and the most important thing next is capital. In today's society, there are few opportunities to start from scratch. So how do you get the original funds for starting a business? Miss Liu said that there are actually many sources of funds. If you lack start-up funds, you can find investors. This investor can be your relative, friend or business partner. Ms. Liu said that it takes a long process and patience to find a suitable investor and get recognition from both sides. "I want to tell entrepreneurial college students not to worry too much about money. As long as your project is good, you will find investors, so stick to it, but only if you have detailed planning and a good feasibility plan. " She said. Another source of funds is the accumulation of bit by bit, giving full play to the dynamic role of funds, turning small money into big money and producing snowball effect. At the beginning of starting a business, we must be diligent, make the most detailed budget for ordinary expenses, and reduce unnecessary funds; At present, governments at all levels also provide many supporting conditions for college students to start their own businesses. As long as the conditions meet the general requirements, fresh college students can also apply for small loans or government funds.

If you choose a good industry and the funds are in place, you may not be able to start a business. Miss Liu said: "To run a company well, we must have a long-term development plan. At the beginning of the company's establishment, it is necessary to think of the development direction of five years or even 10 years, so it is very necessary to make a detailed development plan. My company has achieved its first goal, and now it has a temporary office and four employees. The latest plan is to change to a bigger office in September this year, buy corresponding equipment, and then recruit more than 8 employees to initially establish the scale of the company. " Miss Liu said that she would not be eager to expand her business for the time being. At present, the most important thing is to further close the existing customer relationship and lay a good foundation.

Advice from others

There are many entrepreneurial policies in Shanghai.

The preferential policies introduced by Shanghai are both beneficial and affordable for college students to start their own businesses. The following preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship introduced in 2005 are not common. As a pilot city, Shanghai naturally has reason to learn from good practices. These policies should also bring some hope to college students who want to start businesses this year in our city.

1. Self-employed college graduates (including junior college students, undergraduate students and graduate students) are exempt from the registration fee for self-employment, the management fee for self-employment and the cost of the demonstration text of economic contracts. Within 1 year from the date of business approval. In addition, if you start an informal enterprise, you only need to register in the street of your district and county, and you can be tax-free for 3 years.

2. College students who start their own businesses can apply for a loan guarantee of up to 70,000 yuan from the bank and enjoy a loan discount. At present, the policy of microfinance is operated and implemented by local governments, so many governments have made this issue clear in their own policies and regulations, including its standards and quotas, and made some provisions according to their own policies.

3. Shanghai has set up a special entrepreneurship education and training center for recent college graduates to provide free project risk assessment and guidance for college students to help them better grasp market opportunities.

4. Graduates listed in "2 1 1 Project", ordinary institutions of higher learning affiliated to various ministries (commissions, offices and bureaus) in Shanghai and local ordinary institutions of higher learning who want to start their own businesses can choose to directly apply for the Shanghai Residence Permit for Imported Talents with the validity period of 1 year and apply for the city's household registration to be approved. If the application for settlement is not approved, you can also apply for a residence permit.

expert opinion/advice

There are three difficulties for college students to start a business.

Zhao, a teacher of the Student Affairs Office of Qingdao University who has been engaged in student work for many years, said that although governments at all levels are also encouraging and calling on college students to start businesses, it is counterproductive. There are fewer successful entrepreneurs and more losers. He believes that there are three major difficulties in college students' entrepreneurship at present.

First of all, college students lack necessary operational experience and business knowledge, many entrepreneurs can't express their creative solutions accurately and clearly, lack understanding of the market and competitors, and lack real and effective analysis data; Can't make a correct and feasible blueprint for the development plan, lack a clear self-positioning, don't know what value their entrepreneurial projects will create for the market, and don't know whether users or consumers will consider buying their products and services; The enterprise cannot maintain normal operation after its establishment. All these reflect the lack of knowledge and experience of college students in entrepreneurship.

Second, there is a lack of rational means to handle funds, and there are misunderstandings in attracting investment. Some student entrepreneurs sell shares, technologies or ideas at low prices in order to obtain funds, which leads some entrepreneurs who have mastered core technologies to be dissatisfied with the original investment agreement and break it after a period of corporatization of their technologies, and eventually lose credibility in the capital market; Some entrepreneurs, in order to get funds, trust investors unilaterally, and still cling to investors without necessary support, resulting in unsustainable development of projects and companies; Some student entrepreneurs are irresponsible for venture capital and invest aimlessly with investors' funds, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources but has no return. The use of such funds directly affects the confidence of subsequent investors, which is also the main reason why most student entrepreneurs lack follow-up funds after operating for a period of time. Therefore, for startups that are still in the early stage, it is necessary to introduce some truly powerful investors who can provide value-added services, which are unified with the ideas of entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs themselves should be cautious when using funds.

Third, some students are too blind to start a business, which is a "common problem" for students to start a business. Students should have the necessary "risk awareness" for starting a business, be able to bear risks and failures, have a sense of responsibility for the company, employees and investors, and be pragmatic and practical in actual operation.

Teacher Zhao said that the probability of college students' entrepreneurial success is 3%~5%, and the fundamental reason lies in the lack of experience and market research. Although many students have plans to start a business, few really start a business, and even fewer succeed. He reminded the majority of college graduates with entrepreneurial plans to be cautious.

Policies encourage self-employment.

The reporter learned that our city supports college students to start their own businesses and provides many preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses. Graduates engaged in self-employment, except for industries restricted by the state, shall be exempted from various administrative fees registered and managed by the departments of industry and commerce, health, environmental protection and sub-district offices within 2 years from the date of approval of their operation by the industrial and commercial departments. Graduates who set up high-tech companies may apply to the municipal science and technology department and the administrative department for industry and commerce. After confirmation by the relevant departments, its industrial property rights and non-patented technology can account for up to 35% of the total registered capital. Graduates who start their own businesses, in addition to all expenses such as social pension, medical care and unemployment insurance, will be charged a management fee of half if their files are voluntarily stored in the personnel or labor and social security department. For self-employed, self-employed and partnership enterprises, if the self-raised funds are insufficient, they can apply for small-sum secured loans for unemployed people according to regulations. Graduates who are unwilling to continue their business and re-employment within 2 years from the date of graduation may re-apply for employment dispatch procedures by the municipal department in charge of graduate employment.

Fujian plans to formulate entrepreneurial measures

In the last three years, more than 15% of college graduates in Fujian have been unable to find jobs every year. * * * Chen Dong, secretary of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League, suggested that the Measures for Promoting College Students' Employment and Entrepreneurship in Fujian Province should be formulated and implemented, and the entrepreneurship counseling plan for college students in Fujian Province should be implemented. In the proposal, Chen Dong expounded his views:

First, provide "one-on-one" entrepreneurial tutors for entrepreneurial college students. Entrepreneurial mentors are volunteered by successful entrepreneurs, providing employment internships for college students, providing three-year "companion" entrepreneurial guidance for college entrepreneurs, and assisting college students to enter the local industrial and commercial network.

Second, provide start-up funds for entrepreneurial college students. Establish a special college student entrepreneurship fund to provide interest-free funding for qualified college student entrepreneurs. College student entrepreneurs do not need any form of mortgage guarantee when they receive funding, but they need to repay by installments. After repayment, college entrepreneurs will receive the Credit Certificate for College Students' Entrepreneurship.

Third, the business community participates and plays a leading role. Many entrepreneurs and business managers with social responsibility participate in the promotion and management of the project as volunteers. They either provide financial, technical and network support, or encourage employees to volunteer as entrepreneurial mentors.

Four, the establishment of college students employment, entrepreneurship counseling and training fund. Set up a special counseling and training fund to promote the education, training and practice of college students' employment and entrepreneurship in the form of arranging some special funds by relevant government departments and mobilizing the joint investment of all sectors of society.

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College students start their own businesses after graduation (2)

Some views on college students' self-employment after graduation

I saw a post saying that I would start my own business after graduation. I don't care much. College students always fantasize that they will have a beautiful thing.

The career has a bright future, and I believe they will work hard for it, not just talk about it. Then I met a net.

Friends, talk about the same topic. I can't help laughing. What a newborn calf is not afraid of tigers.

I have been working off and on for several years. However, it is clear that it is difficult to start your own business. I have seen and heard a lot.

The failure of. They all have passion, passion and hard work, but the result is the same: start all over again.

What I mean by this is that enthusiasm is not enough. Just graduated college students generally lack work experience, that is, lack of knowledge.

The understanding of things simplifies the cause and does not fully realize the difficulty of starting a business.

First, everything is difficult at the beginning. Especially an inexperienced person. Do you believe that the company will give it to a person with no background and no experience?

Is there a "company" or "group" whose investment is supported by research, with only dozens or hundreds of pages of planning books? There is no doubt about it.

Chang's company will not waste money.

Of course, if your dad has money and power, that's another matter.

Second, even if you successfully raise funds, do you have a good plan and how to use the money? Money, this thing, is always in surprise.

Sleep less and less. In particular, if you are not in charge of the money alone, other "shareholders" will disagree with your plan.

See, or even completely deny, how did you do it? There is always money, and money should be spent on the cutting edge. most of the time,

Especially when you are inexperienced, you will spend money in vain. Moreover, I want to emphasize that it is best not to get involved in money with friends.

Although money is the purest relationship. Otherwise, in the end, you will find that the relationship between you and your friends will become subtle.

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Third, many unexpected difficulties are waiting for you. Do you have enough courage and ability, and sometimes enough patience, to put them together?

Once it's solved? For example, your "employees" are not as capable as you think, or many other factors lead to the failure of your plan.

It will make you feel stretched. Sometimes you feel confused. How can you get into any trouble?

Only by not being afraid of difficulties, not afraid of falling, and persevering, can we finally be refined into real gold. I'm afraid that by then, you will be "real gold"

Will lack the passion to start a business. Ha ha. Working for others and doing it yourself are two different things.

Fourth, if you listen to what I said above, you still want to start your own business. So, I just want to say one last sentence: Now.

In fact, it will teach you everything (I mean, at first, you are sure to hit a wall. Hey hey. Prepare broken iron shoes

)。

Maybe it's because I have a bad feeling about all the companies. I think all companies in the world are the same. I stayed one by one.

After state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and joint ventures, they only need sole proprietorship. They each have their own shortcomings. Anyway, my feelings, my so-called career,

It's that you keep climbing and fighting with yourself, and finally you can't stand the cold at the top, so you can have your own career. scold

oh

If you don't work and rely on your own efforts, it is difficult to realize the distress and difficulty of management with your own simple ideas.

Yes People are the most difficult item in management. I feel that I am the kind of employee who is the best and most considerate to the company. But I also

Dissatisfied with the company. None of the employees really reached the level described in his company management book. Maybe you'll think.

What I said is biased, but it is true.

There is always an insurmountable gap between reality and imagination.

If you want to start your own business:

1, if you don't have a skill or specialty in the industry you want to start a business.

2. If you don't understand accounting, taxation and law,

3. If there are no loyal and reliable employees, or if you do something wrong, support your friends.

If you can't manage yourself well, your life is irregular.

I advise you to find a company to work for others.

I'm tired from talking so much nonsense. Whether you listen or not is your business. Don't say anything else.

Don't spend money recklessly. Ha ha.

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